Gradual political reforms in the 1990s resulted in the establishment of a bicameral legislature in 1997, and with the death of King Hassan II of Morocco in 1999, the more liberal-minded Crown Prince Sidi Mohammed, who assumed the title of Mohammed VI, took the throne.

* In the Sherifian kingdom of Morocco ( historically a sultanate till the incumbent assumed the higher royal style of Malik on 14 August 1957, shortly after the end of the simultaneous French and Spanish protectorates ; the additional Islamic title Amir al-Mu ´ minin " Commander of the Faithful " stayed in use ), a Sadr al-A ' zam ( Grand Vizier ) was in office until 22 November 1955, replaced since 7 December 1955 a ( part-political ) Prime Minister ; Vizier was the style of a minister of state ( other titles for various portfolios ).

The Treaty of Fez ( signed on March 30, 1912 ) made most of Morocco a protectorate of France, while Spain assumed the role of protecting power over the northern part, Spanish Morocco.

Morocco was in decline when the the Berber Wattasid dynasty assumed power.

* 1906 – The Algeciras Conference gives France and Spain control over Morocco.

A compromise was brokered by the United States where the French relinquished some, but not all, control over Morocco.

This confirmed French control over Morocco, which became a full protectorate of that country in 1912.

But facing their own difficulties, the Zirids were unable to prevent Morocco from spinning out of their control and crumbling into the hands of a collection of local Zenata Berber chieftains, most of them clients of the Caliph of Cordoba, such as the Maghrawa in the region of Fez and their on-again, off-again rivals, the Banu Ifran, just east of them.

The successful Portuguese efforts to control the Atlantic coast in the 15th century did not affect the Mediterranean heart of Morocco.

Spain was given control of pieces of Morocco in the far north ( Protectorate of Tetuan ) and south ( Cape Juby ).

Interest groups that formed among these elements continually pressured France to increase its control over Morocco.

The Spanish enclave of Ifni in the south became part of the new Morocco in 1969, but other Spanish possessions in the north ( Ceuta, Melilla and some small islands ) remain under Madrid's control, with Morocco viewing them as occupied territory.

Spain, meanwhile, had declared that even in the absence of a referendum, it intended to surrender political control of Western Sahara, and Spain, Morocco, and Mauritania convened a tripartite conference to resolve the territory ’ s future.

In 1998, the U. S. Defence Secretary, William Cohen, said that Morocco and the U. S. have " mutual concerns over transnational terrorism " as well as interests in " the effort to control the spread of weapons of mass destruction ".

Through the agreement with Mauritania, Morocco sought to tighten its control over the Western Sahara by denying the Polisario one more avenue for infiltrating guerrillas into the disputed territory.

Moroccan troops took control of the region vacated by Mauritania and later proclaimed the territory reintegrated into Morocco.

Morocco subsequently built the Moroccan Wall, a network of fortified berms around the largest portion of Western Sahara and has since asserted administrative control over that territory.

Morocco was unable to control the empire and the various provinces, including the Hausa states, became independent.

Following Mauritania's withdrawal, however, Morocco extended its control to the rest of the territory, and the war continued.

Mauritania, under pressure from Polisario guerrillas and his formal Army, abandoned all claims to its portion in August 1979, with Morocco moving to annex that sector shortly thereafter and has since asserted administrative control over the majority of the territory.

Altogether, the Portuguese never had the resources or manpower to control the local trade in spices, which were frequently diverted to operations in Morocco and failed in attempts to establish their authority over the crucial Banda Islands, the nearby centre of most nutmeg and mace production.

Abdullāh al-Mahdi's control soon extended over all of central Maghreb, an area consisting of the modern countries of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya, which he ruled from Mahdia, his newly built capital in Tunisia.

The major part of Algeria's armed forces are directed towards the country's western border with Morocco and Western Sahara, where Algeria backed a guerrilla war ( 1975 – 1991 ) against Moroccan control by the POLISARIO Front, a politico-military organization of Sahrawi Bedouin based in Algeria's Tindouf province.

The Sultan of Morocco retained control of a police force in the six port cities, which was to be composed entirely of Moroccan Muslims ( budgeted at an average salary of a mere 1000 pesetas a year ) but now to be instructed by French and Spanish officers, who would oversee the paymaster ( the Amin ) and regulate disciplinnydet e and could be recalled and replaced by their governments.

Upon Spain's withdrawal, and in application of the Madrid Accords in 1976, Morocco took over Saguia El Hamra while Mauritania took control of Rio De Oro.

Their organizations either strengthened American air defenses or were converted to tactical air control units that directed Air Force fighter aircraft in the continental United States, Alaska, Newfoundland, Europe, and French Morocco.

On May 28, 1767, Mohammed ben Abdallah ( Sultan of Morocco ) signed a peace and commerce treaty with the Spanish King Charles III, in which he does not guarantee the security of Spanish fishermen in the coasts south of the river Nun, as he recognized he does not have control over the Tekna tribes of that lands ( Art.

The Almoravids ( Imṛabḍen, Al-Murābiṭūn ) were a Berber dynasty of Morocco, who formed an empire in the 11th-century that stretched over the western Maghreb and Al-Andalus.

* 1960 – An earthquake in Morocco kills over 3, 000 people and nearly destroys Agadir in the southern part of the country.

* 1940 4 July – French bombers, based in French Morocco, carried out a retaliatory air raid over Gibraltar as a reprisal for the destruction of the French fleet at Mers-el-Kebir, Algeria, by the Force H ( about 1, 300 French sailors were killed and about 350 were wounded in the action against the French fleet ).

In the First Moroccan Crisis of 1905, Germany nearly came to blows with Britain and France when the latter attempted to establish a protectorate over Morocco.

The Second Moroccan Crisis of 1911 saw another dispute over Morocco erupt when France tried to suppress a revolt there.

Morocco makes similar claims against Spain over the North African enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla.

The History of Morocco spans over 12 centuries ,, without considering the Classical antiquity.

Morocco fell into anarchy in the aftermath, fought over between Fatimid governors, Idrisid loyalists, new puritan groups and interventionists from Umayyad al-Andalus.

After the victory over the zāwiya of Dila, who controlled northern Morocco, he was able to unite and pacify the country.

Morocco is a fairly stable economy with continuous growth over the past half-century.

As a result of Algeria's continued support for the Polisario Front in the dispute over Western Sahara, relations between Morocco and Algeria have remained strained over the past several decades.

Relations between Morocco and Mauritania continued to improve through 1986, reflecting President Taya's pragmatic, if unstated, view that only a Moroccan victory over the Polisario would end the guerrilla war in the Western Sahara.

* 1912 – Spain declares a protectorate over the north shore of Morocco.

There are many pyramids all over Sudan, attracting many tourist from Syria, Egypt, Morocco, Jordan and other Arab countries.

In his autobiography, Plummer said that Chapman was to have been a technical adviser on the film but the French authorities would not allow him in the country because he was still wanted over an alleged plot to kidnap the Sultan of Morocco.

The conquests of the Almoravids extended over present-day Morocco, Western Algeria and the Iberian peninsula to the north and Mauritania and Mali to the south reaching the Ghana Empire.