Around 1035, the Lamtuna chieftain Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Tifat ( alias Tarsina ), tried to reunite the Sanhaja desert tribes, but his reign lasted less than three years.

Abu Bakr ( Abdullah ibn Abi Quhafa ) (, c. 573 CE – 23 August 634 CE ) also known as Abū Bakr as-Șiddīq ( Arabic: أبو بكر الصديق ) was a senior companion ( Sahabi ) and the father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

The lineage of Abu Bakr joined that of Muhammad in the eighth degree in their common ancestor Murrah ibn Ka ' b.

The lineage of Muhammad was: Muhammad ; the son of Abd Allah ibn Abd al Muttalib ; the son of Abdul Muttalib ; the son of Hashim ibn ' Abd Manaf ; the son of Abd Manaf ibn Qusai ; the son of Qusai ibn Kilab ; the son of Kilab ibn Murrah ; the son of Murrah.

The complexity of this law served as an impetus behind the development of algebra ( Arabic: al-jabr ) by the Persian mathematician Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī and other medieval Islamic mathematicians.

Muwaffaq al-Din Muhammad ' Abd al-Latif ibn Yusuf al-Baghdadi (; 1162 – 1231 ), more commonly known as ' Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi or ' Abdallatif al-Baghdadi (), born in Baghdad, Iraq, was a celebrated physician, historian, Egyptologist and traveller, and one of the most voluminous writers of the Near East in his time.

Abd-ar-Rahman III ( Abd al-Rahmān ibn Muhammad ibn Abd Allāh ; ; 11 January 889 / 91 – 15 October 961 ) was the Emir and Caliph of Córdoba ( 912 – 961 ) of the Ummayad dynasty in al-Andalus.

Al-Mutarrif had accused Muhammad of plotting with the rebel Umar ibn Hafsun, and Muhammad had been imprisoned.

He initially sent a special corps ( hasam ) under Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Hudayr, governor of Écija, to Seville, to obtain their submission.

This attempt failed, but gained him the support of Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Hayyay, lord of Carmona, and a cousin of the Sevillan lord, Ahmad ibn Maslama.

Muhammad ibn Ibrahim enjoyed his office for only a single day, for Abd ar-Rahman soon discovered his collusion with the rebel governor of Carmona.

The territory Mir Muhammad Shah divided as follows Iskashim was given to Mir Khan ; Rushan to Shah Wali and Warduj to Mahmud Khan brother of Mir Ahmad Beg Kataghan.

At this meeting, General Zia-ul-Haq asked the Chief of Army Staff General Khalid Mahmud Arif and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral Muhammad Shariff to lead a specialized civil-military team to formulate a geo-strategy to counter the Soviet aggression.

The island was given by the Sultan Mahmud II to Muhammad Ali of Egypt as a personal fiefdom in the late 1820s, as a reward for Egyptian intervention in the War of Greek Independence ( which failed to prevent the creation of the modern Greek state ).

The Ottoman Sultan, Mahmud II, called upon his nominal Viceroy in Egypt Muhammad Ali, who launched an attack on the Hejaz and reconquered Ta ' if in 1813.

Nadir Shah's devastating campaign against the Mughal Empire, created a void in the western frontiers of Persia, which was effectively exploited by the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud I, who initiated the Otttoman-Persian War ( 1743 – 1746 ), in which the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah closely cooperated with the Ottomans and their ambassador Haji Yusuf Agha, these relations between the two great empires continued until Muhammad Shah's death in 1748.

Prince ( Shahzada ) Mahmud ( 18 February 1822-23 October 1822 ), twin brother of Prince Muhammad.

Prince ( Shahzada ) Muhammad ( 18 February 1822-23 September 1822 ), twin brother of Prince Mahmud ).

The mint at Bahawalpur was opened in 1802 by Nawab Muhammad Bahawal Khan II with the permission of Shah Mahmud of Kabul.

In a nearby location lies the shrines of Muslim leaders of Sheik Muhammad Rabiah and Sheik Mahmud who fought against the Crusaders.

When Sharif Ghalib Efendi informed Sultan Mahmud II of this, the Sultan ordered his Egyptian viceroy Muhammad Ali Pasha to retake the city.

In 1824, Muhammad Ali was appointed governor of the Morea ( the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece ) by Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II.

The most prominent Albanians during Ottoman rule were: Davud Pasha, Hamza Kastrioti, Iljaz Hoxha, Nezim Frakulla, Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, Ali Pasha, Edhem Pasha, Omer Vrioni, Haxhi Shehreti, Ali Pasha of Gucia, Ibrahim Pasha of Berat, Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed, Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Kara Mahmud Bushati, Kara Murad Pasha, Ahmet Kurt Pasha, Mustafa Bushati, Ibrahim Bushati, Sedefkar Mehmed Agha.

* Mahmud Ibn Muhammad ( March 1351 )

* Nasir uddin Mahmud Shah ( Sultan Mahmud II ) at Delhi ( 1393 – 1413 ), son of Nasir uddin Muhammad, controlled the east from Delhi

The triconsonantal root Ḥ-M-D ( ح م د ), meaning " praise ," can also be found in the names Muhammad, Mahmud, and Ahmad.

Ar-Rawdah, the green dome over the center of the mosque, where the tomb of Muhammad is located was constructed in 1817 during the reign of Mahmud II and painted green in 1839.

A meeting of the group was held in August 2009 in Peshawar by members including Salim Saifullah Khan, Hamid Nasir Chattha, Humayun Akhtar Khan, Gohar Ayub Khan, Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri, Muhammad Ali Durrani, Sumera Malik, Lala Nisar, Kashmala Tariq, Iqbal Dar and Omar Ayub Khan.

* PML-Q, the Quaid-e-Azam group, formed by Mian Muhammad Azhar in 2001 at the behest of the establishment with other like-minded leaders of PMLN including Syeda Abida Hussain, Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri and Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain.

In 1121, Sultan Mahmud b. Muhammad ( 1118 – 1131 ) declared a holy war on Georgia and rallied a large coalition of Muslim states led by the Artuqid Najm al-din El-ğazi and Toğrul b. Muhammad.

Muhammad Ali was fully conscious that the empire which he had so laboriously built up might at any time have to be defended by force of arms against his master Sultan Mahmud II, whose whole policy had been directed to curbing the power of his too ambitious vassals, and who was under the influence of the personal enemies of the pasha of Egypt, notably of Husrev Pasha, the grand vizier, who had never forgiven his humiliation in Egypt in 1803.

Mahmud also was already planning reforms borrowed from the West, and Muhammad Ali, who had had plenty of opportunity of observing the superiority of European methods of warfare, was determined to anticipate the sultan in the creation of a fleet and an army on European lines, partly as a measure of precaution, partly as an instrument for the realization of yet wider schemes of ambition.

The true reason was the refusal of Sultan Mahmud to hand over Syria according to agreement, and Muhammad Ali's determination to obtain at all hazards what had been from time immemorial an object of ambition to the rulers of Egypt.

pt: Muhammad ibn Mahmud al-Amuli

King Muhammad 5, was known to be most sympathetic to the formation of local self-government and made the first firm promise of elections on May Day, 1957.

His real name was Muhammad bin Da ' ud Chaghri, and for his military prowess, personal valour, and fighting skills he obtained the surname Alp Arslan, which means " Heroic Lion " in Turkish.

The Imam Hasan Ali Shah was born in 1804 in Kahak, Iran to Shah Khalil Allah, the 45th Ismaili Imam, and Bibi Sarkara, the daughter of Muhammad Sadiq Mahallati ( d. 1815 ), a poet and a Ni ‘ mat Allahi Sufi.

He was succeeded by his eldest son Hasan Ali Shah, also known as Muhammad Hasan, who became the 46th Imam.

Soon after the accession of Muhammad Shah Qajar to the throne of his grandfather, Fath Ali Shah, the Imam Hasan Ali Shah was appointed governor of Kerman in 1835.

Despite the service he rendered to the Qajar government, Hasan Ali Shah was dismissed from the governorship of Kerman in 1837, less than two years after his arrival there, and was replaced by Firuz Mirza Nusrat al-Dawla, a younger brother of Muhammad Shah Qajar.

Hasan Ali Shah was eventually forced to leave for Calcutta in April 1847, where he remained until he received news of the death of Muhammad Shah Qajar.

Under the leadership of Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, the first half of the 20th century was a period of significant development for the Ismā ' īlī community.

Invoking stories of the early life of the Prophet Muhammad, Ibn Yasin preached that conquest was a necessary addendum to Islamicization, that it was not enough to merely adhere to God's law, but necessary to also destroy opposition to it.

On his return from a business trip to Yemen, he was informed that in his absence Muhammad had openly declared his prophethood.

Not long after, Abu Bakr accepted Islam and was the first person outside the family of Muhammad to openly become a Muslim.

He was instrumental in the conversion of many people to the Islamic faith and early in 623, Abu Bakr's daughter Aisha was married to Muhammad, strengthening the ties between the two men.

During the lifetime of Muhammad, he was involved in several campaigns such as the Battle of Uhud, the Battle of the Trench, the Invasion of Banu Qurayza, Battle of Khaybar, the Conquest of Mecca, the Battle of Hunayn, the Siege of Ta ' if, and the Battle of Tabuk where he was reported to have given all of his wealth for the preparation of this expedition.

He was called ' Al-Siddiq ' ( the truthful ') by Muhammad after he believed him in the event of Isra and Mi ' raj when other people didn't, and Ali confirmed that title several times.

He was mentioned in the Quran as the " second of the two who lay in the cave " in reference to the event of hijra, with Muhammad where they hid in the cave in Jabal Thawr from the Meccan search party that was sent after them, thus being one of few who were given direct reference to in the Quran.

Imam Jafar al Sadiq famously narrated how the title Siddiq was given to Abu Bakr from Muhammad.

Muhammad, who was 12 years old at the time, was also with the caravan.