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Abd-ar-Rahman III ( Abd al-Rahmān ibn Muhammad ibn Abd Allāh ; ; 11 January 889 / 91 – 15 October 961 ) was the Emir and Caliph of Córdoba ( 912 – 961 ) of the Ummayad dynasty in al-Andalus.
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Abd-ar-Rahman and III
Historiographers of the time, such as al-Bayan l ' Mogrib and the Cronica anonima de Abd-ar-Rahman III, state that his succession was " without incident ".
Caliph Al-Walid I's reign is considered as the apex of Islamic power, though Islamic power in Spain specifically climaxed in the 10th century under Abd-ar-Rahman III.
( See: Emir Abd-ar-Rahman III 912 ; the Granada massacre 1066 ).
* 889 – Abd-ar-Rahman III, Emir and Caliph of Cordoba ( d. 961 )
* 929 – Emir Abd-ar-Rahman III established the Caliphate of Córdoba.
Then, in 929 the Emir of Córdoba ( Abd-ar-Rahman III ), the leader of the Umayyad dynasty, declared himself Caliph, independent from the Abbasids in Baghdad.
After regaining control over the dissident governors, Abd-ar-Rahman III tried to conquer the remaining Christian kingdoms of the Iberian peninsula, attacking them several times and forcing them back beyond the Cantabric range.
Christian political forces then accused Abd-ar-Rahman III of pederasty with a Christian boy who was later canonized Saint Pelagius of Cordova for his refusal of Abd-ar-Rahman's advances.
* January 16 – Emir Abd-ar-Rahman III of Cordoba creates the Caliphate of Cordoba to compete with his Fatimid rivals who had assumed the title in 910.
* Abd-ar-Rahman III, Emir and Caliph of Córdoba
Abd-ar-Rahman III becomes Caliph of Spain in 912, ushering in the height of tolerance.
* the well-preserved Guzman castle, near the port, built by order of caliph Abd-ar-Rahman III ( 960 ).
The city was founded by Calipha Abd-ar-Rahman III of Cordova in 955 AD.
Some scholars give the start of the Golden Age as either 711 – 718 ( after the Muslim conquest of Iberia ) or 912 ( the rule of Abd-ar-Rahman III ) and the end of the Golden Age variously as 1031 ( when the Caliphate of Cordoba ended ), 1066 ( the date of the Granada massacre ), 1090 ( when the Almoravides invaded ), or the mid-12th century ( when the Almohades invaded ).
Especially after 912, during the reign of Abd-ar-Rahman III and his son, Al-Hakam II, the Jews prospered, devoting themselves to the service of the Caliphate of Cordoba, to the study of the sciences, and to commerce and industry, especially to trading in silk and slaves, in this way promoting the prosperity of the country.
The castle was built by Abd-ar-Rahman III in the mid-10th century.
# REDIRECT Abd-ar-Rahman III
# REDIRECT Abd-ar-Rahman III
In 934, Abd-ar-Rahman III intervened in the kingdom, beginning a period of frequent punitive campaigns from Córdoba and submission to tributary status by Pamplona.
* 961: Death of the Umayyad Caliph Abd-ar-Rahman III in Spain ; accession of al-Hakam II.
It was assumed by Emperor Otto I that the Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba, Abd-ar-Rahman III, was sovereign over Fraxinetum, and he sent John of Gorze as ambassador in 953 to demand the cessation of the pirates ' activities.
* Abd-ar-Rahman III
The first expansion was undertaken in 956, by Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba, Abd-ar-Rahman III.
# REDIRECT Abd-ar-Rahman III
Abd-ar-Rahman and Abd
The lord of Badajoz, Abd Allah ibn Muhammad, grandson of Abd-ar-Rahman ibn Marwan al-Yilliqi, not only fortified his city against a possible attack of Ordoño, but also acted in complete independence from Córdoba.
Abd-ar-Rahman and ibn
ca: Abd-ar-Rahman ibn al-Hàkam
ca: Abd-ar-Rahman ibn Abd-Al · lah al-Ghafiqí
ca: Abd-ar-Rahman ibn Fàysal
ca: Abd-Al · lah ibn Abd-ar-Rahman al-Balansí
* Onneca Fortúnez, who married firstly Abdallah ibn Mohammed, Emir of Córdoba, and secondly her cousin Aznar Sánchez of Larraun, grandson of king García Íñiguez, becoming the mother of the future queens Toda Aznárez, wife of Sancho Garcés, and Sancha Aznárez, wife of king Jimeno Garcés, as well as grandmother of caliph Abd-ar-Rahman III.
In particular, in 937, he allied himself with Ramiro II of León and Muhammad ibn Hashim, governor of Zaragoza, resulting in a military campaign by Abd-ar-Rahman III via Calatayud and Zaragoza into García ' a lands.
Abd-ar-Rahman and ;
Following initial Arab victories, and especially with the establishment of Umayyad rule by Abd-ar-Rahman I in 755, the native Jewish community was joined by Jews from the rest of Europe, as well as from Arab territories, from Morocco to Babylon ( Assis, p. 12 ; Sarna, p. 324 ).
Abd-ar-Rahman and January
Abd-ar-Rahman V was proclaimed caliph in December 1023 at Córdoba, and murdered in January 1024 by a mob of unemployed workmen, headed by one of his own cousins.
Abd-ar-Rahman and –
In the agony of the Umayyad dynasty in the Al-Andalus ( Moorish Iberia ), two princes of the house were proclaimed Caliph of Cordoba for a very short time, Abd-ar-Rahman IV Mortada ( 1017 ), and Abd-ar-Rahman V Mostadir ( 1023 – 1024 ).
Abd-ar-Rahman and was
In 927, Abd-ar-Rahman also launched a campaign against the rebel Banu Qasi clan, but was forced to break it off by the intervention of King Jimeno Garcés of Pamplona.
Abd-ar-Rahman IV was murdered the same year he was proclaimed at Cadiz, in flight from a battle in which he had been deserted by his supporters.
Al-Hakam Ibn Hisham Ibn Abd-ar-Rahman I () was Umayyad Emir of Cordoba from 796 until 822 in the Al-Andalus ( Moorish Iberia ).
In an 843 battle, Fortún Íñiguez was killed, and Musa unhorsed and forced to escape on foot, while Íñigo and his son Galindo escaped with wounds and several nobleman, most notably Velasco Garcés, defected to Abd-ar-Rahman.
This rebellion was put down by Emir Abd-ar-Rahman II, who attacked the Kingdom of Pamplona, defeating García badly and killing Fortún.
Abd-ar-Rahman and Emir
In 927, he took an army south to support his Banu Qasi kinsman, causing, Abd-ar-Rahman III, Emir of Córdoba, nephew of Jimeno's wife, to retreat without offering battle.
Abd-ar-Rahman and Caliph
This regency ended in 934, when his first cousin Caliph Abd-ar-Rahman III intervened on his behalf, and García began to rule as king.
** Abd-ar-Rahman V becomes Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba.
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