King Muhammad 5, was known to be most sympathetic to the formation of local self-government and made the first firm promise of elections on May Day, 1957.

His real name was Muhammad bin Da ' ud Chaghri, and for his military prowess, personal valour, and fighting skills he obtained the surname Alp Arslan, which means " Heroic Lion " in Turkish.

The Imam Hasan Ali Shah was born in 1804 in Kahak, Iran to Shah Khalil Allah, the 45th Ismaili Imam, and Bibi Sarkara, the daughter of Muhammad Sadiq Mahallati ( d. 1815 ), a poet and a Ni ‘ mat Allahi Sufi.

He was succeeded by his eldest son Hasan Ali Shah, also known as Muhammad Hasan, who became the 46th Imam.

Soon after the accession of Muhammad Shah Qajar to the throne of his grandfather, Fath Ali Shah, the Imam Hasan Ali Shah was appointed governor of Kerman in 1835.

Despite the service he rendered to the Qajar government, Hasan Ali Shah was dismissed from the governorship of Kerman in 1837, less than two years after his arrival there, and was replaced by Firuz Mirza Nusrat al-Dawla, a younger brother of Muhammad Shah Qajar.

Hasan Ali Shah was eventually forced to leave for Calcutta in April 1847, where he remained until he received news of the death of Muhammad Shah Qajar.

Under the leadership of Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, the first half of the 20th century was a period of significant development for the Ismā ' īlī community.

Invoking stories of the early life of the Prophet Muhammad, Ibn Yasin preached that conquest was a necessary addendum to Islamicization, that it was not enough to merely adhere to God's law, but necessary to also destroy opposition to it.

Abu Bakr ( Abdullah ibn Abi Quhafa ) (, c. 573 CE – 23 August 634 CE ) also known as Abū Bakr as-Șiddīq ( Arabic: أبو بكر الصديق ) was a senior companion ( Sahabi ) and the father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

On his return from a business trip to Yemen, he was informed that in his absence Muhammad had openly declared his prophethood.

Not long after, Abu Bakr accepted Islam and was the first person outside the family of Muhammad to openly become a Muslim.

He was instrumental in the conversion of many people to the Islamic faith and early in 623, Abu Bakr's daughter Aisha was married to Muhammad, strengthening the ties between the two men.

During the lifetime of Muhammad, he was involved in several campaigns such as the Battle of Uhud, the Battle of the Trench, the Invasion of Banu Qurayza, Battle of Khaybar, the Conquest of Mecca, the Battle of Hunayn, the Siege of Ta ' if, and the Battle of Tabuk where he was reported to have given all of his wealth for the preparation of this expedition.

He was called ' Al-Siddiq ' ( the truthful ') by Muhammad after he believed him in the event of Isra and Mi ' raj when other people didn't, and Ali confirmed that title several times.

He was mentioned in the Quran as the " second of the two who lay in the cave " in reference to the event of hijra, with Muhammad where they hid in the cave in Jabal Thawr from the Meccan search party that was sent after them, thus being one of few who were given direct reference to in the Quran.

Imam Jafar al Sadiq famously narrated how the title Siddiq was given to Abu Bakr from Muhammad.

The lineage of Muhammad was: Muhammad ; the son of Abd Allah ibn Abd al Muttalib ; the son of Abdul Muttalib ; the son of Hashim ibn ' Abd Manaf ; the son of Abd Manaf ibn Qusai ; the son of Qusai ibn Kilab ; the son of Kilab ibn Murrah ; the son of Murrah.

Muhammad, who was 12 years old at the time, was also with the caravan.

At the beginning of the 12th century, a local mullah had a dream in which the 7th century Ali bin Abi Talib, cousin and son-in-law of Islam's prophet Muhammad, appeared to reveal that he had been secretly buried near the city of Balkh.

Hundreds of thousands of Muslims come to Medina annually to visit the Tomb of Prophet. Al-Baqi ' is a significant cemetery in Medina where several family members of Muhammad, caliphs and scholars are buried.

** HIH Princess Fatma Neslişah Osmanoğlu Sultan ( Istanbul, Nişantaşı, Nişantaşı Palace, 4 February 1921 – 1 April 2012 ), married in Heliopolis Palace, Cairo, on 26 September 1940 to her cousin HE Damat HH Prince / HRH Prince Muhammad Abdel Moneim Beyefendi ( Alexandria, Montaza Palace, 20 February 1899 – Istanbul, 1 / 2 December 1979, buried in Cairo ), Heir Apparent to the Throne of Egypt from 1899 to 1914, created HH in 1922, created HRH in 1952, Regent of Egypt from 1952 to 1953, and had issue.

Ibn ‘ Arabī resumed travelling toward Palestine, and his route took him to all the major burial places of the great Prophets: Hebron, where Abraham and other Prophets are buried ; Jerusalem, the city of David and the later Prophets ; and then Medina, the final resting place of Prophet Muhammad.

Muawiyah killed several historical figures, including the Sahaba Amr bin al-Hamiq, Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr Malik al-Ashtar, Hujr ibn Adi ( to which the families of Abu Bakr and Umar condemned Muawiyah for, and the Sahaba deemed his killer to be cursed ) and Abd al-Rahman bin Hasaan ( buried alive for his support of Ali ).

** HIH Princess Fatma Neslişah Osmanoğlu Sultan ( Constantinople, Nişantaşı, Nişantaşı Palace, 4 February 1921 – 1 April 2012 ), married in Heliopolis Palace, Cairo, on 26 September 1940 to her cousin HE Damat HH Prince / HRH Prince Muhammad Abdel Moneim Beyefendi ( Alexandria, Montaza Palace, 20 February 1899 – Constantinople, 1 / 2 December 1979, buried in Cairo ), Heir Apparent to the Throne of Egypt from 1899 to 1914, created HH in 1922, created HRH in 1952, Regent of Egypt from 1952 to 1953, and had issue

‘ Alī ibn Abī Tālib, the cousin of Muhammad, the fourth caliph ( Sunni belief ), the first Imam ( Shia belief ) is buried here.

Buried there in the place known " Qubbat al Daylam " or " Turbat al Zafr ’ an " ( currently known as " Al Mashhad al Husain ", wherein lie buried underground thirteen Fatimid Imams from 9th Muhammad at-Taqi to 20th Al-Amir bi-Ahkami l-Lah ).

Early Muslim leaders Abu Bakr and Umar ibn al-Khattab are buried beside Muhammad.

Aisha bint Abu Bakr appeared, riding a mule and shouting that the grave of Muhammad was in her house and she would not allow the grandson of Khadijah binte Khuwaylid to be buried beside Muhammad.

According to one version Marwan asked Muhammad's wife Aisha also to allow his relative Uthman ibn Affan to be buried beside the Prophet if Hasan were to be buried there, but Aisha refused Marwan's request and did not allow anyone else to be buried beside Muhammad.

Muhammad al-Baqir was one of four shia Imams buried here.

Muhammad at-Taqi is buried beside the grave of his grandfather Musa al-Kadhim ( the seventh Shi ’ ah Imam ) within Al Kadhimiya Mosque, in Kadhimayn, Iraq – a popular site for visitation and pilgrimage by Shi ’ a Muslims.

There is a shrine in the village cemetery where a pious man known as Âqâye Mîr-Abbâss, a descendant of Muhammad ( Seyyed ), was buried 70 years ago.

Tansen was buried in the mausoleum complex of his Sufi master Shaikh Muhammad Ghaus in Gwalior.

The mosque is built where the Islamic prophet Muhammad used to live, and is currently buried.

Muhammad chose the spot to be a cemetery and Asa ' ad was the first individual to be buried in Al-Baqi cemetery among the Ansar.

Shortly after Muhammad arrived from Badr, Uthman bin Maz ' oon died and was buried in al-Baqi '.

He was considered the first companion of Muhammad from the Muhajirun to be buried in Al-Baqi ' Cemetery.

The destruction of sacred sites in the Hejaz initiated by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab continues today to prevent what some consider to be the practice of grave-worshipping, revering the dead and asking favours of the dead buried there.

The Constitution of Medina (, Ṣaḥīfat al-Madīna ), also known as the Charter of Medina, was drafted by the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

It constituted a formal agreement between Muhammad and all of the significant tribes and families of Yathrib ( later known as Medina ), including Muslims, Jews, and pagans.

The first year was the year during which the emigration of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina, known as the Hijra, occurred.

The first year was the Islamic year beginning in AD 622 during which the emigration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina, known as the Hijra, occurred.

After spending the Muslim month of Ramadan in Damascus, he joined a caravan travelling the south to Medina, tomb of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

Muslim scholars have also linked both prophets through the fact that both prophets made at least one important journey in their lives ; just as Jacob migrated from Canaan to Egypt, Muhammad migrated from Mecca to Medina.

In Medina, he studied under Muhammad Hayyat Al-Sindhi, to whom he was introduced by an earlier tutor.

* 624 – Led by Muhammad, the Muslims of Medina defeat the Quraysh of Mecca in the Battle of Badr.

After enduring persecution from the pagan tribes for 13 years, Muhammad emigrated ( see Hijra ) in 622 with his companions, the Muhajirun, to Yathrib ( later called Medina ).

Then, Muhammad returned to Medina, after assigning Akib ibn Usaid as governor of the city.

Another important place for Muslims is the city of Medina, the second holiest place in Islam, in Saudi Arabia, where Muhammad rests in Al-Masjid al-Nabawi ( the Mosque of the Prophet ).

Muslim socialists believe that the teachings of the Qur ' an and Muhammad are compatible with principles of equality and public ownership drawing inspiration from the early Medina welfare state established by the Prophet Muhammad.

The Prophet of Islam, Muhammad, was born in Mecca in about 570 and first began preaching in the city in 610, but migrated to Medina in 622.

Muslims will then perform the Salat al-Janazah ( funeral prayer ) for him and bury him in the city of Medina in a grave left vacant beside Muhammad.

Starting from the time when the Prophet Muhammad established the Islamic State in Medina in the 7th century all the way to the early 20th century when the last Caliphate was dissolved in Turkey.

* July 16 – Year one of the Islamic calendar begins, during which the Hijra occurs – Muhammad and his followers emigrate from Mecca to Medina in September.

* 622: Year one of the Islamic calendar begins, during which the Hijra occurs — Muhammad and his followers emigrate from Mecca to Medina in September.

* March 17 – The Battle of Badr is fought: Led by Muhammad, the Muslims of Medina defeat the Quraysh of Mecca in Badr, present-day Saudi Arabia.

* Yathrib ( Medina ): Battle of the Trench: Muhammad successfully withstands a siege by Meccan forces, whose allies, the Jewish tribe of Banu Qurayza, ultimately surrender to Muhammad.

* Seeptember – December – Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya raises the banner of a revolt against the Abbasids at Medina, followed by his brother Ibrahim at Basra.

In fact, Year 1 of the Islamic calendar is based on the year of the emigration ( or Hijra ()) of Muhammad and his original followers ( Muhajirun ) from Mecca to the city of Medina in 622 AD / 1 AH.

Medina is celebrated for containing the mosque of Muhammad and also as the city which gave refuge to him and his followers, and so ranks as the second holiest city of Islam, after Mecca ( Makkah ).