He was married twice, to Valide Sultan Mahfiruze Hatice Sultan, originally named Maria, a Greek, mother of Osman II, and to Valide Sultan Kadinefendi Kösem Sultan or Mahpeyker, originally named Anastasia, a Greek, mother of Murad IV and Ibrahim I.

He married with Mahpeyker and had five children from her: Murad IV, Ibrahim I, Ayşe Sultan, Shahzade Suleiman and Shahzade Kasim.

* Murad IV

His sons were: Mustafa IV ( 1807 – 08 ) ( his son by Ayşe Seniyeperver ), Mahmud II ( 1808 – 39 ) ( his son by Naksh-i-Dil Haseki ), Murad, Nusret, Mehmed, Ahmed, and Süleyman.

Koujak was a rival of Fakhr-al-Din and a friend of the sultan Murad IV, who ordered Koujak and the sultanate's navy to attack Lebanon and depose Fakhr-al-Din.

İstanbul Kanatlarımın Altında ( Istanbul Under My Wings, 1996 ) is a film about the lives of Hezarfen Ahmet Çelebi, his brother Lagari Hasan Çelebi, and the Ottoman society in the early 17th century, during the reign of Murad IV, as witnessed and narrated by Evliya Çelebi.

* 1612 – Murad IV, Ottoman Sultan ( d. 1640 )

He even wrote a letter to the Ottoman Sultan Murad IV, Jahangir's ambition however did not materialize due to his death in 1627.

Finally, the Ottoman sultan Murad IV of Istanbul, wanting to thwart Lebanon's progress toward complete independence, ordered Kutshuk, then governor of Damascus, to attack the Lebanese ruler.

* In William Shakespeare's history play Henry IV, Part 2, Prince Harry refers to Murad as " Amurath " in Act V Scene 2 when he succeeds his father, King Henry IV, in 1413:

His inability to rule led to deposition and confinement by Osman II's younger half-brother, Murad IV ( 1623 – 40 ).

Portrait of Murad IV.

Kösem Sultan ( 1589 – 1651 ) the mother of Murad IV who exercised a decisive influence on the sultan's decisions during his youth.

Murad IV Ghazi ( Ottoman Turkish: مراد رابع Murād-i rābi ‘) < span dir =" ltr ">( July 26 / 27, 1612 – February 9, 1640 )</ span > was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1623 to 1640, known both for restoring the authority of the state and for the brutality of his methods.

Murad IV was born in Constantinople, the son of Sultan Ahmed I ( 1603 – 17 ) and the ethnic Greek Valide Sultan Kösem Sultan ( also known as Mahpeyker ), originally named Anastasia.

Murad IV was for a long time under the control of his relatives and during his early years as Sultan, his mother, Kösem Sultan, essentially ruled through him.

Murad IV feared suffering the fate of his elder brother, Osman II ( 1618 – 22 ), and decided to assert his power.

Murad IV tried to quell the corruption that had grown during the reigns of previous Sultans, and that had not been checked while his mother was ruling through proxy.

Murad IV also banned alcohol, tobacco, and coffee in Constantinople.

He even wrote a letter to the Ottoman Sultan Murad IV, Jahangir's ambition however did not materialize due to his death in 1627.

While he was encamped in Baghdad, Murad IV is known to have met the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan's ambassadors: Mir Zarif and Mir Baraka, who presented 1000 pieces of finely embroidered cloth and even armor.

Murad IV gifted them with the finest weapons, saddles and Kaftans and ordered his forces to accompany the Mughals to the port of Basra, where they set sail to Thatta and finally Surat.

Murad IV himself commanded the Ottoman army in the last years of the war, and proved to be an outstanding field commander.

Murad IV was the last Warrior Sultan who led campaigns in front of his army and fought on the battlefield.

Bayezid ascended to the throne following the death of his father Murad I, who was killed by Serbian knight Miloš Obilić during ( June 15 ), or immediately after ( June 16 ), the Battle of Kosovo in 1389, by which Serbia became a vassal of the Ottoman Empire.

In one correspondence, Murad entertained the notion that Islam and Protestantism had " much more in common than either did with Roman Catholicism, as both rejected the worship of idols ", and argued for an alliance between England and the Ottoman Empire.

To the dismay of Catholic Europe, England exported tin and lead ( for cannon-casting ) and ammunitions to the Ottoman Empire, and Elizabeth seriously discussed joint military operations with Murad III during the outbreak of war with Spain in 1585, as Francis Walsingham was lobbying for a direct Ottoman military involvement against the common Spanish enemy.

Under a red flag bearing Skanderbeg's heraldic emblem, an Albanian force held off Ottoman campaigns for twenty-five years and overcame sieges of Krujë led by the forces of the Ottoman sultans Murad II and Mehmed II.

* 1546 – Murad III, Ottoman sultan ( d. 1595 )

Despot George of Serbia bought the relics from the Ottoman sultan Murad II for 30. 000 gold coins.

Ottoman expansion during the reign of Murad I

A warrior, allegedly Miloš Obilić, had managed to get through the Ottoman army and kill Murad I.

Murad II Kodja ( June 1404, Amasya – 3 February 1451, Edirne ) ( Ottoman Turkish: مراد ثانى Murād-ı < u > s </ u > ānī, Turkish: II.

Murad II ( Murat ), when called from his vice-royalty in Asia Minor to become the sovereign of the Ottoman Empire, was only eighteen years of age.

Murad III ( Ottoman Turkish: مراد ثالث Murād-i < u > s </ u > āli < u > s </ u >, Turkish: III. Murat ) < span dir =" ltr ">( 4 July 1546 – 15 / 16 January 1595 )</ span > was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1574 until his death.

The reign of Murad III was marked by wars with Safavids and Habsburgs and Ottoman economic decline and institutional decay.

In one correspondence, Murad entertained the notion that Islam and Protestantism had " much more in common than either did with Roman Catholicism, as both rejected the worship of idols ", and argued for an alliance between England and the Ottoman Empire.

To the dismay of Catholic Europe, England exported tin and lead ( for cannon-casting ) and ammunitions to the Ottoman Empire, and Elizabeth seriously discussed joint military operations with Murad III during the outbreak of war with Spain in 1585, as Francis Walsingham was lobbying for a direct Ottoman military involvement against the common Spanish enemy.

* Pasha Melek Hatun – daughter of Kizil Murad Bey

In the winter of 1450 – 1451, Murad II fell ill, and died in Edirne.

Born in Bozdağan or Manisa, Murad III was the eldest son of sultan Selim II ( 1566 – 74 ), and succeeded his father in 1574.

On his deathbed, Murad IV ordered the execution of his mentally disabled brother, Ibrahim I ( reigned 1640 – 48 ), which would have meant the end of the Ottoman line ; but the order was not carried out.

* 1444 – Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna ( aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw III of Poland ) are crushed by the Turks under Sultan Murad II and Vladislaus is killed.

Only two Sultans in this period personally exercised strong political and military control of the Empire: the vigorous Murad IV ( 1612 – 1640 ) recaptured Yerevan ( 1635 ) and Baghdad ( 1639 ) from the Safavids and reasserted central authority, albeit during a brief majority reign.

Through a military coup in 1876, they forced Sultan Abdülaziz ( 1861 – 1876 ) to abdicate in favour of Murad V. However, Murad V was mentally ill and was deposed within a few months.

* 1448 – Second Battle of Kosovo, where the mainly Hungarian army led by John Hunyadi is defeated by an Ottoman army led by Sultan Murad II.

* 1840 – Murad V, Ottoman sultan ( d. 1904 )

* 1936 – Ferid Murad, American physician and pharmacologist, Nobel Prize laureate

* Medicine – Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, Ferid Murad