" Joshua Muravchik, a former scholar with the conservative American Enterprise Institute has also accused the institute of communophilism.

PNAC member and the chairman of the Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee ( DPBAC ), Neoconservative Richard Perle, later expressed regret over the Iraq invasion and ultimately put the blame for the invasion on President George W. Bush ; while other renowned neoconservative ideologists like Joshua Muravchik and Norman Podhoretz claim that neoconservatives must take intellectual leadership and that traditional conservatives lack the insight on how to solve terrorism.

" Muravchik further argued that, in contrast, Marx made untestable predictions about the future, and that Marx's view that socialism would be created by impersonal historical forces may lead one to conclude that it is unnecessary to strive for socialism, because it will happen anyway.

Joshua Muravchik is a scholar formerly at the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research and now a fellow at the School of Advanced International Studies ( SAIS ) of Johns Hopkins University.

For instance, Joshua Muravchik, on the basis of Karl Popper's definition of science as " the practice of experimentation, of hypothesis and test ," argued that " Owen and Fourier and their followers were the real ‘ scientific socialists .’ They hit upon the idea of socialism, and they tested it by attempting to form socialist communities.

* Nicaragua's Slow March to Communism by Joshua Muravchik Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1986 ( CANF pamphlet # 16 )

* Joshua Muravchik, Heaven on Earth: The Rise and Fall of Socialism, San Francisco: Encounter Books, 2002.

Muravchik claims these strengths are present in the case of the Reagan presidency as well as the Bush presidency, and that Bush, unlike Reagan, has contributed to the " fundamental solution " to the Middle East.

* Muravchik, Joshua.

* Muravchik, Joshua.

Muravchik received an undergraduate degree from City College of New York, and a Ph. D in international relations from Georgetown University.

Conservative columnist Joshua Muravchik calls Wieseltier a " liberal thinker ," and journalist George Packer calls him one of the " ideas men of the liberal intelligentsia.

I called the other afternoon on my old friend, Graves Moreland, the Anglo-American literary critic -- his mother was born in Ohio -- who lives alone in a fairy-tale cottage on the Upson Downs, raising hell and peacocks, the former only when the venerable gentleman becomes an angry old man about the state of literature or something else that is dwindling and diminishing, such as human stature, hope, and humor.

According to the definition by IUPAC, the former two are alkanes, whereas the third group is called cycloalkanes.

His parents were working-class Rusyn emigrants from Mikó ( now called Miková ), located in today ’ s northeastern Slovakia, part of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire.

The bill called for former President George W. Bush to recognize and use the word genocide in his annual April 24 speech which he never used.

These authors, the former a medieval historian and the latter an early modernist, quickly became associated with the distinctive Annales approach, which combined geography, history, and the sociological approaches of the Année Sociologique ( many members of which were their colleagues at Strasbourg ) to produce an approach which rejected the predominant emphasis on politics, diplomacy and war of many 19th and early 20th-century historians as spearheaded by historians whom Febvre called Les Sorbonnistes.

However, the Church declared that "' Extreme unction ' ... may also and more fittingly be called ' anointing of the sick '" ( emphasis added ), and has itself adopted the latter term, while not outlawing the former.

He ordained further that some should be called " Abbreviators of the Upper Bar " ( Abbreviatores de Parco Majori ; the name derived from a space in the chancery, surrounded by a grating, in which the officials sat, which is called higher or lower ( major or minor ) according to the proximity of the seats to that of the vice-chancellor ), the others of the Lower Bar ( Abbreviatores de Parco Minori ); that the former should sit upon a slightly raised portion of the chamber, separated from the rest of the hall or chamber by lattice work, assist the Cardinal Vice-Chancellor, subscribe the letters and have the principal part in examining, revising, and expediting the apostolic letters to be issued with the leaden seal ; that the latter, however, should sit among the apostolic writers upon benches in the lower part of the chamber, and their duty was to carry the signed schedules or supplications to the prelates of the upper bar.

The three highest buildings in the city are the radio mast of WDR in Bonn-Venusberg ( 180 m ), the headquarters of the Deutsche Post called Post Tower ( 162. 5 m ) and the former building for the German members of parliament Langer Eugen ( 114. 7 m ) now the new location of the UN-Campus.

( In a display of authorial equity, the former is usually called the Kernighan – Lin algorithm, while the latter is styled Lin – Kernighan.

Their former territory was now called deserta Boiorum ( deserta meaning ' empty or sparsely populated lands ').

In certain manuscripts of Tobit, the former is called Achiachar, which, like the Greek Cyaxares, is thought to be derived from Persian Akhuwakhshatra.

In 1923 she bought a former deer park and vast sheep farm in the Troutbeck Valley called Troutbeck Park Farm, restoring its land, its thousands of Herdwick sheep, and establishing her as one of the major Herdwick sheep farmers in the area.

" Various female politicians, including former Prime Minister of New Zealand, Helen Clark, have been called Boadicea.

The first elected trustees of the town were the slate of Denis Kearney's Workingman's Party, who were particularly favored in the working class area of the former Ocean View, now called " West Berkeley.

As of September 2011, the government is attempting to form what is called the Forces Armées Nationales de Côte d ' Ivoire ( FANCI ), which aims to merge 5, 000 former rebels of the FRCI with 30, 000 veterans of the former regular army ( Forces de défense et de sécurité-FDS ).

In Russia, Ukraine and some other countries of the former Soviet Union, electrical multiple unit passenger suburban trains called Elektrichka are widespread.

Ditka worked for both the NFL on NBC and CBS's The NFL Today, and he currently works on ESPN's Sunday NFL Countdown and provided Friday night analysis on the Bears on CBS 2 Chicago, the CBS Chicago affiliate, called " 2 on Football " with former CBS 2 Sports Director Mark Malone.

Notable former Indians broadcasters include Tom Manning, Jack Graney ( the first ex-baseball player to become a play-by-play announcer ), Jack Corrigan ( now with the Colorado Rockies ), Jimmy Dudley who received the Ford Frick Award in 1997, Ken Coleman, Joe Castiglione, Van Patrick, Joe Tait, Bruce Drennan, Jim " Mudcat " Grant, Harry Jones, Rocky Colavito and Herb Score, who called Indians ' baseball for 34 seasons.

The 2000 film Bring It On, about a San Diego high school cheerleading squad called " The Toros ", starred real-life former cheerleader Kirsten Dunst.

In Louisiana and former French territories, a formalized system of concubinage called plaçage developed.

In 1969, the county was abolished and Carson City and a few small surrounding settlements within the former county were merged into a newly formed independent city called Carson City Consolidated Municipality.

Dutch physicists Hendrik B. G. Casimir and Dirk Polder at Philips Research Labs proposed the existence of a force between two polarizable atoms and between such an atom and a conducting plate in 1947, and, after a conversation with Niels Bohr who suggested it had something to do with zero-point energy, Casimir alone formulated the theory predicting a force between neutral conducting plates in 1948 ; the former is called the Casimir-Polder force while the latter is the Casimir effect in the narrow sense.

A claimant for the oldest building is a former merchant's house in Higher Street, now a Good Beer Guide listed public house called the Cherub, built circa 1380.

Ernest A. Gross leaned back in his chair and told Peter Marshall how Secretary General Dag Hammarskjold had, on December 4, 1957, called him in as a private lawyer to review Bang-Jensen's conduct `` relating to his association with the Special Committee on the problem of Hungary ''.

Secretary of War Baker, blindfolded, put his hand into a large glass bowl and drew the initial number of those to be called.

The Vice President had called and asked if he could see the Secretary at his home.

The infamous Wansee Conference called by Heydrich in January 1942, to organize the material and technical means to put to death the eleven million Jews spread throughout the nations of Europe, was attended by representatives of major organs of the German state, including the Reich Minister of the Interior, the State Secretary in charge of the Four Year Plan, the Reich Minister of Justice, the Under Secretary of Foreign Affairs.

The President has also called upon the Attorney General, the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, and the Secretary of Labor to coordinate their efforts `` in the development of a program of federal leadership to assist states and local communities in their efforts to cope with the problem.

" Secretary of State for Health, Patricia Hewitt called for a tax increase on such products, although this had not yet happened as of December 2010.

Often this title is held concurrently with that of Secretary in a dual role called secretary-treasurer.

Other people called for the General Secretary to either be elected by the people, or a " kind of party referendum ".

Although Hoover is regularly criticized for his laissez-faire approach to the Depression, in his memoirs, Hoover claims that he rejected Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon's suggested " leave-it-alone " approach, and called many business leaders to Washington to urge them not to lay off workers or cut wages.

Although George H. W. Bush called this philosophy voodoo economics, George W. Bush and his Treasury Secretary, John W. Snow, were believers.

Though the French and the Italians were serious about Mussolini's peace plan, which called for an immediate ceasefire and a four-power conference à la Munich to consider Poland's borders, the British Foreign Secretary Lord Halifax stated that unless the Germans withdrew from Poland immediately, then Britain would not attend the proposed conference.

UN Secretary General Kofi Annan called on the Lebanese Government " to extend its control over all its territory, to exert its monopoly on the use of force, and to put an end to all such attacks ".

This jamahiriya, as he called it, was supposedly a form of direct democracy in which power was balanced between a General People's Congress, consisting of 2, 700 representatives of Basic People's Congresses, and an executive General People's Committee, headed by a General Secretary, who reported to the Prime Minister and the President.

There are three sources of Law: Acts of Parliament called Statutes, Statutory Regulations ( made by a Secretary of State under an Act of Parliament ) and Case Law ( developed by various Courts ).

A second radio conference was called in 1923, and this time Secretary Hoover was successful at obtaining radio regulation power without legislation passed.

President Harding brought along with him to the territory the Secretary of Interior Hubert Work, Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover, and Secretary of Agriculture Henry C. Wallace, (" The Three Bears " as Herbert Hoover called themselves ) in order to cut the bureaucracy in their respected departmental jurisdictions of the territory.

At a Cabinet meeting in April 1920, Palmer called on Secretary of Labor Wilson to fire Post and Wilson defended him.

The Secretary's staff element is called the Office of the Secretary of Defense ( OSD ) and is composed of a Deputy Secretary of Defense ( DEPSECDEF ) and five Under Secretaries of Defense in the fields of Acquisition, Technology & Logistics ; Comptroller / Chief Financial Officer ; Intelligence ; Personnel & Readiness ; and Policy.

A similar position, called either " Secretary at War " or " Secretary of War ," was appointed to serve the Congress of the Confederation under the Articles of Confederation between 1781 and 1789.