Music-based commercial radio stations in Canada are mandated by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission to reserve at least 35 per cent of their playlists for Canadian content, although exemptions are granted in some border cities ( e. g. Windsor, Ontario ) where the competition from American stations threatens the survival of Canadian broadcasters, and for stations whose formats may not have enough Canadian recordings available to meet the 35 per cent target ( e. g. classical, jazz or pop standards ).

While most male cross-dressers utilize clothing associated with modern women, there are some who are involved in subcultures that involve dressing as little girls or in vintage clothing.

" Other notable writers who have explored regional and ethnic communities in their detective novels are Harry Kemelman, whose Rabbi Small series were set the Conservative Jewish community of Massachusetts ; Walter Mosley, whose Easy Rawlins books are set in the African American community of 1950s Los Angeles ; and Sara Paretsky, whose V. I. Warshawski books have explored the various subcultures of Chicago.

In the punk and hardcore subcultures, members of the scene are often evaluated in terms of the authenticity of their commitment to the values or philosophies of the scene, which may range from political beliefs to lifestyle practices.

Some groups exist almost entirely within fandom but are distinct and cohesive subcultures in their own rights, such as filkers, costumers, and convention runners ( sometimes called " SMOFs ").

Entire subcultures in sexuality are devoted to this fetish.

Today, petticoats are typically worn to add fullness to skirts in the Gothic and Lolita subcultures.

" Since rudimentary screenprinting materials are so affordable and readily available, it has been used frequently in underground settings and subcultures, and the non-professional look of such DIY culture screenprints have become a significant cultural aesthetic seen on movie posters, record album covers, flyers, shirts, commercial fonts in advertising, in artwork and elsewhere ..

The opposite of the mainstream are subcultures, countercultures, cult followings, and ( in fiction ) genre.

Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures are subcultures and communities composed of persons who have shared experiences, background, or interests due to a common sexual or gender identity.

Bands like Crass and Dead Kennedys have written songs that attack corporate co-option of the punk subculture, people who are deemed to have sold out, and the violence between punks, skinheads, B-boys and other youth subcultures and within punk itself.

There are subcultures worldwide which advocate the belief that the Moon landings were faked.

The benign climate has also fostered subcultures devoted to driving and exhibiting classic cars and there are several motorcycle clubs that regularly tour through Ojai as well.

# through their negative or ambivalent relation to class ( since subcultures are not ' class-conscious ' and don't conform to traditional class definitions );

The study of subcultures often consists of the study of symbolism attached to clothing, music and other visible affectations by members of subcultures, and also the ways in which these same symbols are interpreted by members of the dominant culture.

With the ever increasing acceptance of homosexuality in the early 21st century, including its expressions in fashion, music, and design, the gay culture can no longer be considered a subculture in many parts of the world, although some aspects of gay culture like leathermen, bears, and feeders are considered subcultures within the gay movement itself.

Within Pākehā culture are sub-cultures derived from Irish, Italian and other European groups, as well as various non-ethnic subcultures.

Within youth culture, there are many distinct and constantly changing youth subcultures.

Irving Hexham and Karla Poewe have consequently proposed that there are NRMs, particularly those who have gained adherents in a number of nations, which can be understood as forming global subcultures.

Bandoliers made from spent or dummy rounds are often used in fashion, sometimes in heavy metal and punk subcultures.

Mjöllnir pendants are popular in general in Scandinavia and can be seen elsewhere in heavy metal ( especially Black metal and Viking metal ) and " Dark " subcultures, and, to a lesser extent, among Rockers and biker subcultures.

" The novel's street and computer slang dialogue derives from the vocabulary of subcultures, particularly " 1969 Toronto dope dealer's slang, or biker talk ".

In the so-called hanky code, sexual subcultures, particularly gay men, signal their preferred sexual practices by wearing a particular bandana color or design in one of their pockets.

It may be difficult to identify certain subcultures because their style ( particularly clothing and music ) may be adopted by mass culture for commercial purposes.

They spend much of their time fighting with members of other subcultures, particularly rednecks.

Some brands of steel-toe footwear, particularly Dr. Martens and Grinders, have become fashionable within subcultures such as skinhead, punk, and rivethead.

However, it was only in 1937, after the particularly virulent Asibi strain from West Africa had gone through more than a hundred subcultures, that Theiler and his colleague Hugh Smith announced the development of the 17-D vaccine.

Many professions and subcultures create their own adages, which may be seen as a sort of jargon ; such adages may find their way into popular usage, sometimes becoming altered in the process.

Gayle Rubin, who has written on a certain range of subjects including sadomasochism, prostitution, pornography, and lesbian literature as well as anthropological studies and histories of sexual subcultures, first rose to prominence through her 1975 essay " The Traffic in Women: Notes on the ' Political Economy ' of Sex ", in which she coins the phrase " sex / gender system " and criticizes Marxism for what she claims is its incomplete analysis of sexism under capitalism, without dismissing or dismantling Marxist fundamentals in the process.

In the 1970s, the hippie, mod and rocker subcultures were in a process of transformation, which temporarily took on the name of freaks ( openly embracing the image of strangeness ).

It is well known that increasing numbers of subculture increases the likelihood of somaclonal variation, so the number of subcultures in micropropagation protocols should be kept to a minimum.

Many people, for example some of those in the punk rock and goth subcultures, wear collars for other reasons such as fashion, so one cannot assume that all people wearing collars are involved in BDSM.

Included among these are people involved with the leather fetishism and leather subcultures, members of the Society for Creative Anachronism and similar historical reenactment hobbyists, various types of cosplay enthusiasts, and so on.

Different cultures, subcultures and individuals have different ideas about what constitutes this type of sex.

The study divided the independent and interdependent traits into subcategories to further define what are the most valued by the two subcultures.

Fountaine had split from the NF in opposition to what he claimed was the increasing Nazism amongst the leadership, the encouragment of links with violent subcultures such as football hooliganism and Nazi skinheads as well as a strong current of homosexuality which he claimed existed amongst the leadership.

When they started the project, the Reding brothers wanted to authentically portray youths from fringe subcultures like " skinheads ( non-political Oi! skins ), squatters, modern-primitives and tribes ... who all just do what they like ... Their own way of fun, fights, sorrows and desires.

Little Millie Small scored what is probably the first bluebeat hit, " My Boy Lollipop " in 1964, and these styles gained a considerable following in the United Kingdom, especially in the mod and skinhead subcultures, thanks to artists such as Prince Buster, Desmond Dekker and Laurel Aitken.

As a theory of criminal behavior, subculture of violence theory claims that certain groups or subcultures exist in society in which violence is viewed as an appropriate response to what, in the context of that subculture, are perceived as threatening situations.

Raymond observes a high concentration of neophiles in or around what he calls " leading edge subcultures " such as science fiction fandom, neo-paganism, transhumanism, etc.

BDSM is currently frequently used as a catch-all phrase to includes a wide range of activities, forms of interpersonal relationships, and distinct subcultures which may or may not fit well into the original three intended categories.

Many subcultures have hairstyles which may indicate an unofficial membership.

Some subcultures reject or modify the importance of style, stressing membership through the adoption of an ideology which may be much more resistant to commercial exploitation.

These subcultures ’ norms, values, behaviors, and styles vary widely, and may differ from the general youth culture.

It may also be used, often pejoratively, to distinguish other insular subcultures, work environments, or lifestyles from more traditional social and professional activities.

These subcultures may have little or nothing in common besides their relative obscurity, but cultural studies uses this common basis of obscurity to classify them as alternative cultures, or, taken as a whole, the alternative culture.

That some sparse and superficial aspects of military brat life may be known, but that a fuller sense of awareness of one of Americas largest ( and oldest ) subcultures is largely non-existent.

Although the appearance of secondary hair on parts of the human body is a sign of puberty, and therefore, a sign of reaching adulthood, removal of this and other hair may become fashionable in some cultures and subcultures.