* 2003 – Ayatollah Sayed Mohammed Baqir al-Hakim, the Shia Muslim leader in Iraq, is assassinated in a terrorist bombing, along with nearly 100 worshippers as they leave a mosque in Najaf.

The Ahmadiyya Central Mosque in Kampala is the central mosque of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, which has six minarets and can hold up to 9, 000 worshippers.

The tabarzin is sometimes carried as a symbolic weapon by wandering dervishes ( Muslim ascetic worshippers ).

Particularly, there is a small Muslim community on the island, with a Mosque in Douglas, which is regularly attended several times a day by local worshippers and there is a small Jewish community on the island, with a synagogue in Douglas.

15. The floor of the mosque is covered with white and black marble ornamented to imitate the Muslim prayer mat ; a thin black marble border is marked for the worshippers, which is three feet long and 1 ½ feet wide.

The Israeli government divided the Cave of the Patriarchs into two sections, one for Jewish worshippers and the other for Muslim worshippers.

Standing in front of the only exit from the cave and positioned to the rear of the Muslim worshippers, he opened fire, killing 29 people and wounding another 125.

Not long after, Abu Bakr accepted Islam and was the first person outside the family of Muhammad to openly become a Muslim.

By 1975, after a failed uprising by the Muslim Youth, President Daoud Khan started to dissociate himself from the Soviet Union and the communist party of Afghanistan.

In 637, shortly after Jerusalem was captured by the Muslim armies, ' Umar ibn al-Khattāb, the second Caliph, promised that the Church of the Nativity would be preserved for Christian use.

When Chiang became President of China after the Northern Expedition, he carved out Ningxia and Qinghai out of Gansu province, and appointed Muslim Generals as Military Governors of all three provinces: Ma Hongkui, Ma Hongbin, and Ma Qi.

According to Jan-Gustaf Ljunggren, in an article in the Swedish journal Läkartidningen ( 1983 ; No 32-33 ), in the 12th century, Zayn al-Din al-Jurjani, another Muslim physician, provided the first description of Graves ' disease after noting the association of goitre and exophthalmos in his Thesaurus of the Shah of Khwarazm, the major medical dictionary of its time.

In 1947, Muslim majority districts of Bengal favored the Partition of India after approving the June 3rd Plan presented by the Viceroy of India Lord Earl Mounbatten, and merged with the new province of East Bengal of the Dominion of Pakistan.

The Taifa kingdoms lost ground to the Christian realms in the north and, after the loss of Toledo in 1085, the Muslim rulers reluctantly invited the Almoravides, who invaded Al-Andalus from North Africa and established an empire.

This was gradually alleviated as Spain and other Christian powers began to check Muslim naval dominance in the Mediterranean after the 1571 victory at Lepanto, but it would be a scourge that continued to afflict the country even in the next century.

However, soon after his victory he faced a new threat, the Muslim invasions.

As with Mamluk Egypt, the Tughlaq Dynasty was a rare vestigial example of Muslim rule in Asia after the Mongol invasion.

* 1212 – Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa: after Pope Innocent III calls European knights to a crusade, forces of Kings Alfonso VIII of Castile, Sancho VII of Navarre, Peter II of Aragon and Afonso II of Portugal defeat those of the Berber Muslim leader Almohad, thus marking a significant turning point in the Reconquista and in the medieval history of Spain.

* 2010 – Muslim gunmen open fire on a crowd of Coptic Christians leaving church after celebrating a midnight Christmas mass, killing eight of them as well as one Muslim bystander.

The greater part of Italy would be lost to the invading Lombards three years after Justinian's death ( 568 ), the newly founded province of Spania was completely recovered by the Spanish Visigoths in 624 under the leadership of Suintila, and within a century and a half Africa would be forever lost for the empire to the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates during the Muslim conquests.

There he offered the Muslim leader a plebiscite in the Muslim areas after the war to see whether they wanted to separate from the rest of India.

Riding to battle had two key advantages: it reduced fatigue, particularly when the elite soldiers wore armour ( as was increasingly the case in the centuries after the fall of the Western Roman empire ); and it gave the soldiers more mobility to react to the raids of the enemy, particularly the Muslim invasions which reached Europe in 711.

Shah Mir was the First Muslim ruler of Kashmir and the founder of the Swati dynasty named after him.

According to Encyclopædia Britannica, " Although there was a clear Muslim majority in Kashmir before the 1947 partition and its economic, cultural, and geographic contiguity with the Muslim-majority area of the Punjab ( in Pakistan ) could be convincingly demonstrated, the political developments during and after the partition resulted in a division of the region.

Antisemitism in Sweden has been increasing after Gaza war in 2009, especially in Malmö, which has a large illegal Muslim community.

* 1977 – The 1977 Hanafi Muslim Siege: more than 130 hostages held in Washington, D. C., by Hanafi Muslims are set free after ambassadors from three Islamic nations join negotiations.

It is usually used to designate the area until the Muslim conquests, with names like Syria, Jezirah and Iraq being used to describe the region after that date.

The initial Muslim conquests began in the 7th century after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and were marked by a century of rapid Arab expansion beyond the Arabian Peninsula under the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates.

Upon the Spaniards ' arrival to the Philippines, they were dismayed to find such a strong Muslim presence on the island, having just expelled the Moors from Spain after centuries of fighting.

Born to a lower middle-class Muslim family in the Gamaleyya quarter of Cairo, Mahfouz was named after Professor Naguib Pasha Mahfouz ( 1882 – 1974 ), the renowned Coptic physician who delivered him.

While more recent Muslim immigrants hold Friday prayers at Cape Breton University and the former Holy Redeemer Hall in Whitney Pier.

Hu Songshan, a Muslim Imam, backed Chiang Kai-shek's regime and gave prayers for his government.

In Tahrir Square, Cairo, on Wednesday 2 February 2011, Coptic Christians joined hands to provide a protective cordon around their Muslim neighbors during salah ( prayers ) in the midst of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution.

An imam appointed to lead Friday prayers may also lead at the five daily prayers ; Muslim scholars agree to the leader appointed for five daily services may lead the Friday service as well.

Egypt's top Muslim cleric Sayed Tantawi led mourning prayers preceding the funeral procession.

Muslim men traditionally wear white robes and a cap during prayers

Muslim boys may wear Baju Melayu at school on Fridays, often with a songkok hat, so as to be dressed for going to the mosque for prayers at lunchtime.

There is also a mosque in Sennaya Square, where the Muslim populations of the city go for Friday prayers, Islamic activities and activities which are organized by the mosque.

A multicultural Muslim community center on Straight Path road, where all five daily prayers are held.

The first national commemoration of Eid ul-Fitr was on December 6, 2002, marked by prayers and celebrations by the Muslim community.

Traditional Muslim ceremonies were led by Sheikh Ahmed Ahmed Ibrahim, who leads the prayers at the mausoleum of the Prince's father, Aga Khan III, in Aswan, Egypt.

* 610: The Temple Mount in Jerusalem become the focal point for Muslim Salah ( prayers ), known as the First Qibla, following Muhammad's initial revelations ( Wahy ) ( Islamic sources )

* 624: Jerusalem loses its place as the Qibla ( focal point for Muslim prayers ) to Mecca, 18 months after the Hijra ( Muhammad's migration to Medina )

The conquering Arab armies took the system of Sharia laws and courts to their new military camps and cities, and built mosques for Friday jam ' at ( community prayers ) as well as Madrasahs to educate local Muslim youth.

Muslim doctrine permits ẓuhr (, " noon ") and ʿaṣr (, " afternoon ") prayers to be performed in succession.

In Muslim belief, Moses is regarded as having urged Muhammad during his Mi ' raj to reduce the number of prayers until they were only five remaining, which are regarded as being the five obligatory prayers.

Suras are recited during the standing portions ( Qiyam ) of Muslim prayers ( salah ).

On March 18, 2005, Amina Wadud gave a sermon and led Friday prayers for a Muslim congregation consisting of men as well as women, with no curtain dividing the men and women.

In April 2005, Raheel Raza, born in Pakistan, led Toronto's first woman-led mixed-gender Friday prayer service, delivering the sermon and leading the prayers of the mixed-gender congregation organized by the Muslim Canadian Congress to celebrate Earth Day in the backyard of the downtown Toronto home of activist Tarek Fatah.

On July 1, 2005, Pamela Taylor, a Muslim convert since 1986, became the first woman to lead Friday prayers in a Canadian mosque, and did so for a congregation of both men and women.

In 2008, Pamela Taylor gave the Friday khutbah and led the mixed-gender prayers in Toronto at the UMA mosque at the invitation of the Muslim Canadian Congress on Canada Day.

On 17 October 2008, Amina Wadud became the first woman to lead a mixed-gender Muslim congregation in prayer in the United Kingdom when she performed the Friday prayers at Oxford's Wolfson College.