NASA engineers were able to recover the damaged tape recorder electronics, and Galileo continued to return scientific data until it was deorbited in 2003, performing one last scientific experiment — a measurement of the moon Amalthea's mass as the spacecraft swung by it.

Despite the astronauts ' test pilot experience NASA at first envisioned them as " minor participants " during their flights, causing many conflicts between the astronauts and engineers during the spacecraft's design.

It was originally detailed in a research paper by NASA engineers Robert Zubrin and David Baker in 1990, and later expanded upon in Zubrin's 1996 book The Case for Mars.

" Gus " Roche and Phil Ray, both NASA engineers.

It should be noted that many engineers involved in this and similar Avro designs were later heavily involved in NASA Projects Mercury Gemini, and Apollo.

This patch was not designed by NASA but by the engineers at Grumman Aircraft who designed and built the Lunar Module.

This brought Wernher von Braun and the German Operation Paperclip scientists and engineers to Huntsville, forming the foundation to what eventual became the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center.

* NASA engineers had not yet worked out the idiosyncrasies of orbital mechanics involved in rendezvous, which are counter-intuitive.

The film tells a somewhat fictionalised story of three Australian scientists / engineers ( Neill, Harrington, Long ) and their American NASA representative ( Warburton ).

Not only did this confirm that NASA management had clearly failed to communicate with their own engineers, but the disparity engaged Feynman's emotions.

Feynman's investigations also revealed that there had been many serious doubts raised about the O-ring seals by engineers at Morton Thiokol, which made the solid fuel boosters, but communication failures had led to their concerns being ignored by NASA management.

Based on his experiences with NASA's management and engineers, Feynman concluded that the serious deficiencies in NASA management's scientific understanding, the lack of communication between the two camps, and the gross misrepresentation of the shuttle's dangers, required that NASA take a hiatus from shuttle launches until it could resolve its internal inconsistencies and present an honest picture of the shuttle's reliability.

In working on the J-2X, NASA engineers visited museums, searched for Apollo-era documentation and consulted with engineers who worked on the Apollo program.

In these two examples, shedding foam and failing o-rings, the organization failed to react correctly to the seriousness of the problem: in both cases, whereas engineers recognized the seriousness of the problem, NASA management dismissed both the evidence and the engineers ' expertise and ultimately decided to continue with the mission, with catastrophic results.

The crew was forced to use a slow, encrypted transmission method, likely causing the images NASA engineers received to be of poor quality, causing them to think the damage was actually " just lights and shadows ".

Such a mission profile was studied, and discarded by NASA engineers.

As of February 2007, many of the engineers working on the SIM program had moved on to other areas and projects, and NASA directed the project to allocate its resources toward engineering risk reduction.

The capability was developed to photograph Soviet spacecraft, but was first used to aid NASA engineers designing repairs for the damaged Skylab space station in 1973.

The orbital mechanics of rendezvous were not yet well understood by NASA engineers.

Most recently, in 2008, he was a featured guest in a Volkswagen commercial, where he argued with a black Beetle about who has more engineers between Volkswagen and NASA.

* The Hunt for Zero Point ( 2003 )-The long quest to develop antigravity vehicles and the sometimes eccentric characters who have played a part in it: Nazi rocket engineers, backyard inventors, NASA scientists, conspiracy theorists, and UFO watchers.

* 1959 – Project Mercury: NASA announces the selection of the United States ' first seven astronauts, whom the news media quickly dub the " Mercury Seven ".

One of nineteen astronauts selected by NASA in April 1966, Charles Duke had never flown in space before Apollo 16.

Category: NASA civilian astronauts

From the 1950s onward, he worked as an advisor to NASA, where one of his duties included briefing the Apollo astronauts before their flights to the Moon.

NASA planners invented the term extra-vehicular activity in the early 1960s for the Apollo program to land men on the Moon, because the astronauts would leave the spacecraft to collect lunar material samples and deploy scientific experiments.

Armstrong's FM system was used for communications between NASA and the Apollo program astronauts.

NASA is authorized to sterilize frozen meat for astronauts at doses of 44 kGy as a notable exception.

* 1962 – Project Apollo: At a press conference, NASA announces Lunar Orbit Rendezvous as the means to land astronauts on the Moon, and return them to Earth.

NASA announced the selection of seven of these – known as the Mercury Seven – as astronauts on 9 April 1959, though only six of the seven flew Mercury missions, after Slayton was grounded due to a heart condition.

* 1973 – Skylab program: NASA launches Skylab 4 with a crew of three astronauts from Cape Canaveral, Florida for an 84-day mission.

* 1968 – Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 7, the first successful manned Apollo mission, with astronauts Wally Schirra, Donn F. Eisele and Walter Cunningham aboard.

Since 1996, however, the collection has also included oral histories of senior NASA administrators and officials, astronauts, and project managers, part of a broader project to document the lives of key agency individuals.

A NASA graph shows the relationship between the survival of a crew of astronauts and the amount of redundancy ( engineering ) | redundant equipment in their spacecraft ( the " MM ", Mission Module ).

* April 9 – NASA announces its selection of seven military pilots to become the first U. S. astronauts ( later known as the Mercury Seven ).

* April 12 – The Space Shuttle program: Space Shuttle Columbia with NASA astronauts John Young and Robert Crippen launches on the STS-1 mission, returning to Earth on April 14.

Virgil Ivan Grissom ( April 3, 1926 – January 27, 1967 ), ( Lt Col, USAF ), better known as Gus Grissom, was one of the original NASA Project Mercury astronauts and a United States Air Force pilot.

However by July 1963 NASA discovered 14 out of the 16 astronauts could not fit themselves into the cabin and later cockpits were modified.

Lobbying by the astronauts and senior NASA administrators also had an effect.

In mid-1962, Chaffee was accepted in the initial pool of 1, 800 applicants for the third group of NASA astronauts.

Many dissenters, including astronauts, asked NASA management to reconsider allowing the mission, but initially the director stood firm.

A comprehensive catalog of vehicles, technology, astronauts, and flights, it includes information from most countries that have had an active rocket research program, from Robert Goddard to the NASA Space shuttle to the Soviet Shuttle Buran.

Glenn was a combat aviator in the Marine Corps and one of the Mercury Seven, who were the elite U. S. military test pilots selected by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) to operate the experimental Mercury spacecraft and become the first American astronauts.