* Hyperspectral imaging is a method to create a complete picture of the environment or various objects, each pixel containing a full visible, VNIR, NIR, or infrared spectrum.

Two standards were developed: Non-linear NIR, in which a process analogous to gamma correction is used, and Linear NIR or SECAM IV that omits this process.

Shortwave radiation ( SW ) is radiant energy with wavelengths in the visible ( VIS ), near-ultraviolet ( UV ), and near-infrared ( NIR ) spectra.

UV-C radiation spans from 0. 1μm to. 28μm, UV-B from 0. 28μm to 0. 315μm, UV-A from 0. 315μm to 0. 4μm, the visible spectrum from 0. 4μm to 0. 7μm, and NIR arguably from 0. 7μm to 5. 0μm, beyond which the infrared is thermal.

NI Railways, also known as Northern Ireland Railways ( NIR ) and, for a brief period, Ulster Transport Railways ( UTR ), is the railway operator in Northern Ireland.

The rail network in Northern Ireland is not part of the National Rail network of Great Britain and NIR is the only commercial, non-heritage, passenger operator in the United Kingdom to operate a vertical integration model, with responsibility of all aspects of the network including running trains, maintaining rolling stock and infrastructure, pricing etc.

However by utilizing the " trailing " area of their spectral sensitivity, namely the part of the infrared spectrum called near-infrared ( NIR ), and by using off-the-shelf CCTV camera it is possible under certain circumstances to obtain true thermal images of objects with temperatures at about 280 ° C and higher.

The melanin, also known as chromophore, mainly consists of two distinct heterogeneous macromolecules, called eumelanin ( brown – black ) and pheomelanin ( yellow – reddish ), whose absorbance at longer wavelengths in the NIR spectrum is negligible.

Practically however, their length is limited by the computer's 28 Gigabit ( Gb ) memory capacity, and the nominal maximum size is 20, 000 × 40, 000 pixels ( 800 megapixels ) and 4, 000 × 40, 000 pixels ( 160 megapixels ) for B-G and NIR images.

For most UV, visible, and NIR measurements the use of precision quartz cuvettes is necessary.

Although today this national identification number is used by the Social Security and is present on each person's social security card ( carte Vitale ), it was originally created under Vichy France under the guise of the Inscription Number to the National Repertory of Identification of People ( Numéro d ' inscription au répertoire national d ' identification des personnes, NIR ).

This institution is also in charged of the RNIPP ( répertoire national d ' identification des personnes physiques, National Repertory of Identification of Physical Persons ), which contains for each individual: the NIR, last name, first name, sex, date and place of birth, reference of the Act of Birth ( Acte de naissance ).

Diesel traction is the sole form of motive power in both the IÉ and NIR networks, apart from the electrified Howth / Malahide-Greystones ( DART ) suburban route in Dublin.

One entry on the NIR is the Identity Registration Number.

Northern Ireland Railways ( NIR ), formerly and briefly called Ulster Transport Railways ( UTR ), is responsible for running the railway network in Northern Ireland.

The light sensing element in photon counting devices in NIR, visible and ultraviolet wavelengths is a photomultiplier to achieve sufficient sensitivity.

It is the successor of NIR ( Belgisch Nationaal Instituut voor Radio-omroep ), which was responsible for radio and television broadcasts from 1930 ( and since 1953 for TV ) until 1960.

It is registered as 8918 on NIR.

The latest performance figures for NIR according to Translink are 99 % of trains arriving at the final destination within 5 minutes and 100 % within 10 minutes of the scheduled time.

In 1996, the Translink brand name was created to integrate the services of Ulsterbus, NIR, and Citybus.

From 2001, most items of rolling stock in use on NIR had 8000 added to their number so as to be part of the Translink number series, which also incorporates their road vehicles.

From 1998, NIR prefixed their numbers with “ 8 ” so as to be part of the Translink number series, which incorporates their road vehicles The table below lists the hauled passenger coaches that were in use until June 2009 plus the never used DBSO ( This excludes the " De Dietrich " stock jointly owned with IÉ for operating Enterprise services between Belfast and Dublin:

Olsen was the co-founder and chairman of Sensors Unlimited Inc., a company developing optoelectronic devices such as sensitive near-infrared ( NIR ) and shortwave-infrared ( SWIR ) cameras.

NITHCo was established in 1967 to take over the railway and bus services of the Ulster Transport Authority ( UTA ), namely Northern Ireland Railways ( NIR ) and Ulsterbus.

BREL also built the NIR 80 Class diesel-electric multiple units for Northern Ireland Railways.

The rail operations temporarily became Ulster Transport Railways ( UTR ) before being taken over by Northern Ireland Railways ( NIR ) in 1968.

The Northern Ireland Transport Holding Company ( NITHCo ) is a government-owned body which was established in 1967 to take over the railway and bus services of the Ulster Transport Authority ( UTA ), namely Northern Ireland Railways ( NIR ) and Ulsterbus.

With the return to the working of the Belfast-Dublin " Enterprise " service with coaching stock instead of augmented diesel railcar sets Northern Ireland Railways ( NIR ) found itself with no suitable main line diesel locomotives.

Originally it was intended to put the locos on display at Lisburn, Belfast Central, and Londonderry to celebrate the 150th anniversary of railways in Northern Ireland, and in mid-1989, locomotive No. 1 had its engine, torque converter and final drive removed at York Road works before being repainted in NIR red and moved to the Lisburn Engineer's yard ; unfortunately, difficulties in placing the engine meant it was shunted to the back of the yard.

Northern Ireland Railways ( NIR ) ( formed as Ulster Transport Railways ) takes over operation of railways in Northern Ireland.

* NIR Class 101, a Northern Irish diesel locomotive

Except with the NIR 3000 class the numbers given by each class in the lists below are those allocated to the coaches that make up the units in that class, otherwise unit numbers are not used in Ireland.

NIR was formed in 1968 when it took over from the Ulster Transport Authority ( UTA ), which had operated the province's railways since 1948.

Since the early 1960s all new locomotives on the two Irish rail systems have been purchased from EMD, with the exception of three from Hunslet Engine Company of Leeds, England, for NIR in 1970.

* Formazin Nephelometric Units ( FNU ), prescribed for 9 measurements of turbidity in water treatment by ISO 7027, another special case of FTU with near infrared light ( NIR ) and 90 ° scatter.

In comparison, satellite images of Earth are generally available with a resolution of 0. 5 m, and satellite images on Google Maps are available to 1 m. HiRISE collects images in three color bands, 400 to 600 nm ( blue-green or B-G ), 550 to 850 nm ( red ) and 800 to 1, 000 nm ( near infrared or NIR ).

Red color images are 20, 264 pixels across ( 6 km wide ), and B-G and NIR are 4, 048 pixels across ( 1. 2 km wide ).

* Visible ( reflected light ) bands in the spectrum of blue, green, red, near-infrared ( NIR ), and mid-infrared ( MIR ) with spatial resolution ( bands 1-5, 7 )

The Irish Traction group had approached NIR in August 1989 hoping to run a farewell excursion with No. 2 in September 1989, but this plan failed after No. 2 suffered a catastrophic engine failure on 9 September 1989 ( the day before the excursion ), despite having been overhauled by NIR at York Road Works.

Each one acquires one digital image ( in remote sensing, called a ' scene ') in a small band of visible spectra, ranging from 0. 7 µm to 0. 4 µm, called red-green-blue ( RGB ) region, and going to infrared wavelengths of 0. 7 µm to 10 or more µm, classified as near infrared ( NIR ), middle infrared ( MIR ) and far infrared ( FIR or thermal ).

* Blue-NIR-MIR, where the blue channel uses visible blue, green uses NIR ( so vegetation stays green ), and MIR is shown as red.