The existence of problems within NP but outside both P and NP-complete, under that assumption, was established by NP-intermediate | Ladner's theorem.

His aunt was married to NP Prime Minister J. G. Strijdom.

His presidency was dominated by the negotiation process, mainly between his NP government and Mandela's ANC, which led to the democratisation of South Africa.

The existence of problems within NP but outside both P and NP-complete, under this assumption, was Ladner's theorem | established by Ladner.

* 1883 – The Northern Pacific Railway ( reporting mark NP ) was completed in a ceremony at Gold Creek, Montana.

In 1996, he was promoted and subsequently became Director General of the Directorate for the Nuclear Power ( DG NP ).

Also, diagonalization was originally used to show the existence of arbitrarily hard complexity classes and played a key role in early attempts to prove P does not equal NP.

With the shift from rules to principles and constraints that was found in the 1970s, these construction-specific transformations morphed into general rules ( all the examples just mentioned being instances of NP movement ), which eventually changed into the single general rule of move alpha or Move.

If the Grover's search problem was solvable with log < sup > c </ sup > N applications of U < sub > ω </ sub >, that would imply that NP is contained in BQP, by transforming problems in NP into Grover-type search problems.

Henry Villard, then president of the NP, was pushing hard for the transcontinental connection.

A small village formed and was named for Samuel after NP extended a rail line there from Tacoma in 1877.

He was appointed secretary of the NP board in March 1869.

It was located on the Northern Pacific ( NP ) mainline that stretched from the Canadian border through Sedro-Woolley to Snohomish.

Although NP may be viewed as using interaction, it wasn't until 1985 that the concept of computation through interaction was conceived by two independent groups of researchers.

In 1975, Vaughan Pratt showed that there existed a certificate for primality that was checkable in polynomial time, and thus that PRIMES was in NP, and therefore in NP ∩ coNP.

If such a dichotomy theorem is true, then CSPs provide one of the largest known subsets of NP which avoids NP-intermediate problems, whose existence was demonstrated by Ladner's theorem under the assumption that P ≠ NP.

The lone congressional district of Basilan, on the other hand, was won by Hajiman Salliman Hataman ( LP ), who had been defeated by Wahab Akbar in 2007, followed closely by former Deputy Speaker Abdulghani Salapuddin ( NP ), Lantawan Mayor and Wahab Akbar's niece, Tahira Ismael-Sansawi ( PMP ), Maluso Mayor Sakib Salajin ( Lakas-Kampi-CMD ), also a nephew of Wahab Akbar and Rajam M. Akbar, Wahab Akbar's sister.

The former GN routed through North Dakota / Northern Montana, crossing the continental divide at Marias Pass, while the former NP line routed through the southern part of Montana ( which was spun off to Montana Rail Link in 1987 ), crossing the continental divide at Mullan and Homestake Passes.

His efforts in the field of national welfare drew him into politics and in 1936 he was offered the first editorship of ‘' Die Transvaler ’', a position which he took up in 1937, with the added responsibility of helping to rebuild the National Party of South Africa ( NP ) in the Transvaal.

In September 2009, an adult female, after being kept captive for twelve years in a private reservation, was fitted with a radiotransmitter before being restored to the wild in the vicinity of the Pau Brasil National Park ( formerly Monte Pascoal NP ), in the State of Bahia.

Local historian William Speidel reported that Henry Villard, tycoon of the Northern Pacific Railway ( NP ), had the federal rights and had the line through Wallula built.

Baldwin built eleven more for the NP in 1930.

The 2-8-8-4, called the Yellowstone, was first built for the NP by Alco in 1928 and numbered 5000, Class Z-5, with more built by Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1930.

NP 21 was built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1872 and was later sold to the Canadian Pacific Railway and became the CP 1, the Countess of Dufferin.

* Northern Pacific 1264, originally NP 1144, a wood cupola caboose built in 1901 by the South Baltimore Car Works in Baltimore, Maryland.

P can be estimated by using the measured speedup ( SU ) on a specific number of processors ( NP ) using

In an equivalent formal definition, NP is the set of decision problems where the " yes "- instances can be decided in polynomial time by a non-deterministic Turing machine.

The most important open question in complexity theory, the P = NP problem, asks whether polynomial time algorithms actually exist for NP-complete, and by corollary, all NP problems.

Many natural computer science problems are covered by the class NP.

This is considered to be a general property of simulations of NTMs by DTMs ; the most famous unresolved question in computer science, the P = NP problem, is related to this issue.

Oracle machines are useful for investigating the relationship between complexity classes P and NP, by considering the relationship between P < sup > A </ sup > and NP < sup > A </ sup > for an oracle A.

For example, rather than asserting that sentences are constructed by a rule that combines a noun phrase ( NP ) and a verb phrase ( VP ) ( e. g. the phrase structure rule S → NP VP ), in categorial grammar, such principles are embedded in the category of the head word itself.

Cook conjectures that there are optimization problems ( with easily checkable solutions ) which cannot be solved by efficient algorithms, i. e., P is not equal to NP.

Other famous problems on his list include the Poincaré conjecture, the P = NP problem, and the Navier-Stokes equations, all of which have been designated Millennium Prize Problems by the Clay Mathematics Institute.

The first rule reads: An S ( sentence ) consists of an NP ( noun phrase ) followed by a VP ( verb phrase ).

* Since NP-complete problems transform to each other by polynomial-time many-one reduction ( also called polynomial transformation ), all NP-complete problems can be solved in polynomial time by a reduction to H, thus all problems in NP reduce to H ; note, however, that this involves combining two different transformations: from NP-complete decision problems to NP-complete problem L by polynomial transformation, and from L to H by polynomial Turing reduction ;

In complexity theory, the complexity class NP-easy is the set of function problems that are solvable in polynomial time by a deterministic Turing machine with an oracle for some decision problem in NP.

Notice that although we don't know if NP is equal to P or not, we do know that EXPTIME-complete problems are not in P ; it has been proven that these problems cannot be solved in polynomial time, by the time hierarchy theorem.

Bird watching is spectacular at Churchill NP, and one good spot for bird watching is by the dam along the northern boundary track.

The New Party ( NP ), formerly the Chinese New Party ( CNP ), is a centre-right conservative political party in the Republic of China ( ROC, commonly known as " Taiwan "), and part of the pan-blue coalition.

Candidates were referred to as “ NP Democrats ” and were required to sign a contract mandating a “ visible and active relationship ” with New Party.

South Africa's second non-racial general election, held on 2 June 1999 was won by the African National Congress ( ANC ), who increased their number of seats by 14. Notable was the sharp decline of the New National Party, previously the National Party ( NP ), who without former president F. W.