To complete the royal palace begun by Nabopolassar, nothing was spared, neither " cedar-wood, nor bronze, gold, silver, rare and precious stones "; an underground passage and a stone bridge connected the two parts of the city separated by the Euphrates ; the city itself was rendered impregnable by the construction of a triple line of walls.

It was only after 620 BC under Nabopolassar that the Chaldeans finally gained control over Babylon, founding the Chaldean Dynasty.

Nabopolassar took advantage of the chaos gripping Assyria, and seized the city of Babylon in 620 BC with the help of its native inhabitants.

Nabopolassar then seized the city of Nippur in 619 BC, a mainstay of pro-Assyrianism in Babylonia, and thus Babylonia as a whole.

Bitter fighting continued in the Babylonian heartlands from 620 to 616 BC, with Assyrian forces encamped in the region in an attempt to eject Nabopolassar.

Nabopolassar was succeeded by Nebuchadnezzar II, who became king after the death of his father in 604 BC.

The Tower of Babel has often been associated with known structures, notably the Etemenanki, a ziggurat dedicated to Marduk by Nabopolassar ( c. 610 BC ).

* 626 BC: Nabopolassar revolts against Assyria, founds the Neo-Babylonian Empire.

* 605 BC: Nebuchadrezzar II succeeds his father Nabopolassar as King of Babylon.

Babylonia took advantage of this and rebelled under Nabopolassar, a member of the Semitic Chaldeans, who had settled in south eastern Mesopotamia circa 1000 BC.

In 620 BC Nabopolassar seized control over much of Babylonia with the support of most of the inhabitants, with only the city of Nippur showing any loyalty to the Assyrian king.

The stalemate ended in 616 BC, when Nabopolassar entered into alliance with Cyaxares, king of the Medes and Persians, ( who had also taken advantage of the anarchy in Assyria to free his peoples from the Assyrian yoke ) and also the Scythians and Cimmerians.

* 605 BC — Nebuchadnezzar II succeeds his father Nabopolassar as King of Babylon.

* 605 BC — Death of Nabopolassar, first ruler of the Neo-Babylonian Empire.

* 626 BC — Nabopolassar revolts against Assyria, founds the Neo-Babylonian Empire.

In 609 BC, King Nabopolassar captured Kumukh, which cut off the Egyptian army, then based at Carchemish.

During the fall of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, Harran became the stronghold of its last king, Ashur-uballit II, who had retreated from Nineveh when it was sacked by Nabopolassar of Babylon and his Median allies in 612 BC.

Harran was besieged and conquered by Nabopolassar and Cyaxares in 610 BC.

Nabopolassar revolted against the Assyrian Empire ( which had ruled Babylon for the previous 200 years ) after the death of the last effective Assyrian king, Ashurbanipal, some time between 631 BC and 627 BC.

In 609 BC, Nabopolassar took the Assyrian city of Harran, where Assyrian forces had retreated after the fall of Nineveh.

From 610 BC until his death, Nabopolassar also waged war against Egypt, which was allied with Assyria.

In 605 BC, his son Nebuchadnezzar fought Pharaoh Necho II of Egypt and the remnants of the Assyrian army at the Battle of Carchemish, shortly before Nabopolassar died.

* c. 627 BC: The death of Ashurbanipal and the successful revolt of Nabopolassar replaces the Neo-Assyrian Empire with the Neo-Babylonian Empire

They were both opposed by an alliance led by Cyaxares of the Medes ( 633 – 584 BC ) and Nabopolassar of Babylon ( 626 – 605 BC ).

* Nabopolassar ( Nabopolassáros ): 625 – 605 BC

Additionally, the claimants to this ancestry also claim descendancy from Sargon of Akkad ( whose dynasty died out over 1500 years before the Assyrian dynasty fell ), and from Nabopolassar, who was a Chaldean, politically and militarily opposed to Assyria, and not in fact an Assyrian.

However, the Assyrian king, Sin-shar-ishkun was plagued by constant revolt in Nineveh, and was thus unable to eject Nabopolassar.

Nabopolassar was followed by his son Nebuchadnezzar II, whose reign of 43 years made Babylon once more the mistress of much the civilized world, taking over a fair portion of the former Assyrian Empire once ruled by its Assyrian brethren, the eastern and north eastern portion being taken by the Medes and the far north by the Scythians.

Nebuchadnezzar was the oldest son and successor of Nabopolassar, who delivered Babylon from its dependence on Assyria and laid Nineveh in ruins.

Nabopolassar was intent on annexing the western provinces of Syria from Necho II ( who was still hoping to restore Assyrian power ), and to this end dispatched his son westward with a large army.

The city was restored by Nabopolassar and his son Nebuchadnezzar II.

He is traditionally listed as a king of the Chaldean Dynasty, however it is not known if he was a Chaldean or native of Babylon, as he was not related by blood to Nabopolassar and his successors.

However Nabopolassar did defeat the Assyrians in the field, and was crowned king in Babylon circa 626 BC.

In Neo-Babylonian times ( under Nabopolassar, Nebuchadrezzar II and Nabonidus ), Subartu was used as a generic term for Assyria.

He is traditionally listed as a king of the Chaldean Dynasty, however it is not known if he was a Chaldean or native of Babylon, as he was not related by blood to Nabopolassar and his successors.

and was after a short interregnum succeeded by Nabopolassar.

These alleged refugees claimed the ancestry of Sargon of Akkad ( whose dynasty died out some 15 centuries before the fall of Assyria ), they also contradictionally claimed ancestry from Nabopolassar, a Babylonian king of Chaldean extraction who played a major part in the destruction of the Assyrian Empire.

Cyaxares the king of the Medes and Persians, entered into an alliance with Nabopolassar of Babylon and the Scythians and Cimmerians against Sin-shar-ishkun of Assyria.

The contenders included Ashur-etil-ilani, his brother Sinsharishkun, general Sin-shumu-lishir, and the eventual new king of Babylonia, Nabopolassar.

Nabopolassar tried to capture Nippur, the main Assyrian center of power in Babylonia, but failed because of the arrival of Assyrian reinforcements.

In 621 BC or shortly thereafter Nabopolassar successfully captured Nippur and so broke the main hold of the Assyrians in Babylonia proper.

Cyaxares reorganized and modernized the Median Army, then joined with King Nabopolassar of Babylonia.