Thanks to his intervention, Napoleon, with a letter delivered to Gasparre Monge, scientist and commissary of the French Government for Science and Art, promised to guarantee and protect the independence of the Republic offering to extend its territory according to its needs.

There he received orders from Napoleon to resume to Brest according to the main plan.

Engels characterized the coup as " comical " and referred to it as occurring on " the 18th Brumaire "-- the date of the coup according to the 1799 republican calendar of France under Napoleon I. Marx was later to incorporate this comically ironic characterization of Louis Bonaparte's coup into his book about the coup.

Ingres considered Chassériau his truest disciple — even predicting, according to an early biographer, that he would be " the Napoleon of painting.

Napoleon ’ s first Italy campaign marked the end of the secular republic which, by the Emperor's will, was transformed into Ligurian Republic, according to the model of the French Republic.

Also worthy of note was Joseph Bonaparte, the older brother of Napoleon Bonaparte, whose contributions on French topics include a 25, 000 word biography on the former emperor of France, which according to De Kay was the longest biographical article in the Encyclopedia Americana.

Thanks to the victory at Marengo, Napoleon could finally set about reforming France according to his own vision.

Napoleon said about her, according to the Memoirs of Mme.

Arthur Conan Doyle's character Brigadier Etienne Gerard of the French Hussards de Conflans has come to epitomise the hussar of popular fiction – brave, conceited, amorous, a skilled horseman and ( according to Napoleon ) not very intelligent.

But it became a central element in the Napoleonic myth and, according to Napoleon himself, contributed to convincing him that he was superior to other generals, and that his destiny would lead him to achieve great things.

While the vessel de Lesseps sailed to Egypt in was in quarantine at the Alexandrian lazaretto, M. Mimaut, consul-general of France at Alexandria, sent him several books, among which was the memoir written upon the Suez Canal, according to Napoleon Bonaparte's instructions, by the civil engineer Jacques-Marie Le Père, one of the scientific members of the French expedition.

History of the War in 1814 in France and the deposition of Napoleon I, according to reliable sources ( История войны 1814 года во Франции и низложения Наполеона I, по достоверным источникам ) at Runivers. ru in DjVu and PDF formats

After the attempted conquests of Napoleon and up to the attempted conquests of Hitler, the disposition of territory acquired under the principle of conquest had to, according to international law, be conducted according to the existing laws of war.

Following Napoleon Bonaparte's victory in the War of the Fourth Coalition and the Greater Poland Uprising of 1806 the Province of New East Prussia was ceded according to the 1807 Treaties of Tilsit:

The École Spéciale Militaire was created by order of Napoleon Bonaparte on May 1, 1802 ( the Law of 11 Floréal an X according to the then-official revolutionary calendar ), to replace the École Royale Militaire then located in Fontainebleau.

Following Napoleon Bonaparte's victory in the War of the Fourth Coalition and a Polish uprising, the territory of South Prussia became part of the Duchy of Warsaw, a French client state, according to the 1807 Treaties of Tilsit.

Napoleon rejected the idea, as well as the back-up scenario, according to which Poniatowski would follow such a route alone with the Polish corps, hoping to take over these formerly Polish areas with the expected help from a Polish uprising planned there.

Chateaubriand steak, or just chateaubriand, is a recipe of a particular thick cut from the tenderloin, which, according to Larousse Gastronomique, was created by personal chef, Montmireil, for François-René de Chateaubriand, the author and diplomat who served Napoleon as an ambassador and Louis XVIII as Secretary of State for two years.

Some hold that a statement attributed to Napoleon during the war, according to which he promised to return the land to the Jews if he were to succeed in his conquest of Palestine, was meant to capture Farhi ’ s attention and betray his master by switching his support to the French.

Tarle ’ s biography of Napoleon, according to Black, was accepted as “ the final word in the analysis of the 1812 campaign ” when it was first published in 1936.

In 1804, Emperor Napoleon I spent some time in the town, which in the meantime had acquired a municipal administration run according to French law.

Napoleon erected the original column, modelled after Trajan's Column, to celebrate the victory of Austerlitz ; its veneer of 425 spiraling bas-relief bronze plates were made out of cannon taken from the combined armies of Europe, according to his propaganda ( the usual figure given is hugely exaggerated: 133 cannon were actually captured at Austerlitz ).

Some sources claim that Sébastiani was made Duke of Murcia by Napoleon ; according to the Revue, although nominated for the title by the new King of Spain, Joseph Bonaparte, Sébastiani was denied appointment by Napoleon ( a gesture alleged to have itself been based on the general's conduct at Almonacid ).

Popular legend states the founder of Ville Platte was Marcellin Garand, an adjutant major in the Army of the French Empire, during the time of Napoleon.

According to the founding legend of the annual giant Easter omelette of Bessières, Haute-Garonne, when Napoleon Bonaparte and his army were traveling through southern France, they decided to rest for the night near the town of Bessières.

There was a contemporary legend that she had visited Napoleon imprisoned on the island of Saint Helena, but that is probably untrue.

Hidden behind the Medici Fountain is the Fontaine de Léda, ( 1807 ), a wall fountain built during the time of Napoleon Bonaparte at the corner of the Rue du Regard and Rue de Vaugirard, with a bas-relief sculpture depicting the legend of Leda and the Swan by Achille Valois.

Local legend has it that Napoleon originally even wanted to completely tear down the church.

According to local legend, when Napoleon Bonaparte entered the cathedral after Smolensk had fallen to the French army in 1812, he looked up at the altar wall and proclaimed that if any one of his soldiers dared to steal anything from it he would personally kill that man.

There's a popular yet disputable legend, that when Napoleon captured Moscow in 1812 after the Battle of Borodino, he heard that the cross on the central dome of the Annunciation Cathedral had been cast in solid gold, and immediately gave orders that it should be taken down.

There is a legend, among the populace of Épinal, that Napoleon's ghost strolls the wall ramparts on 9 September of each year at 5: 00 am It was on this day and at this time that, in 1811, Napoleon gave his first and last oration to the city of Épinal, wherein he addressed the challenges posed by northern expansion.

Another legend identifies the design as that of a bee, an imperial symbol, claiming that the design was granted by Napoleon in recognition of the courage of local soldiers.

According to a local legend, Napoleon fired a mortar at the tomb, and removed the shape of a hand that topped the conical roof.

Heder's appearance helped to debunk an urban legend that the actor had died shortly after filming Napoleon Dynamite.

Napoleon, who was preparing to launch a crucial attack at the centre of Blücher's line, was very surprised by this news, because at 15: 30 he had sent Comte de la Bédoyère with a written note to Marshal Ney at Quatre Bras ordering him to send d ' Erlon's I Corps to attack the rear of the right Prussian flank.

This victory surprised many military professionals around the world, since France had been considered a great military power, while Prussia was widely considered a lesser power, despite its military successes under Friedrich Wilhelm III, in 1813 – 15 over Napoleon, and more recently over Austria during the Seven Weeks ' War of 1866.

One of the most famous Imperial coronation ceremonies was that of Napoleon, crowning himself Emperor in the presence of Pope Pius VII ( who had blessed the regalia ), at the Notre Dame de Paris | Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. The painting by Jacques-Louis David | David commemorating the event is equally famous: the gothic cathedral restyled Empire ( style ) | style Empire, supervised by the Letizia Ramolino | mother of the Emperor on the balcony ( a fictional addition, while she had not been present at the ceremony ), the pope positioned near the altar, Napoleon proceeds to crown his then wife, Joséphine de Beauharnais as Empress.

In 1801 Napoleon concluded a " Concordat " with Pope Pius VII that opened peaceful relations between church and state in France.

Pope Pius VII was present at the coronation of Napoleon I in 1804, but did not actually perform the crowning.

* July 18 – Napoleon signs a Concordat with Pope Pius VII.

The Palazzo del Quirinale was the residence of the popes until 1870, though Napoleon deported both Pius VI and Pius VII to France, and declared the Quirinale an imperial palace.

Pius VI's body was embalmed, but was not buried until 30 January 1800 after Napoleon saw political advantage to burying the deceased Pope in efforts to bring the Catholic Church back into France.

He took the name Pius, after his generous patron and the ill-fated nemesis of Napoleon Bonaparte, Pius VII.

When the French Emperor Napoleon took Rome and expelled Pope Pius VII in 1809, Cappellari fled to Murano.

However, the Italian Government could not take possession of its capital because Napoleon III kept a French garrison in Rome in order to protect Pope Pius IX.

* 2 December 1804: the coronation ceremony of Napoleon I and his wife Joséphine, with Pope Pius VII officiating.

Napoleon was unable to convince Pope Pius VII to annul their marriage, and so annulled the marriage himself.

During his reign, he ended the Spanish Inquisition, partly because Napoleon was at odds with Pope Pius VII at the time.

From the time of his election as pope to the fall of Napoleon in 1815, Pius VII's reign was completely taken up in dealing with France.

Pius wanted his own release from exile as well as the return of the Papal States, and, later on, the release of the 13 " Black Cardinals ", i. e., the Cardinals, including Consalvi, who had snubbed the marriage of Napoleon to Princess Marie Louise, believing that his previous marriage was still valid, and had been exiled and impoverished in consequence of their stand, along with several exiled or imprisoned prelates, priests, monks, nuns other various supporters.

Napoleon hosted Pope Pius VII there in 1804, when he came to consecrate the emperor, and again in 1812 – 1814, when he was Napoleon's prisoner.

Among his medallic work, the coronation medals for Napoleon in 1804 (“ Medal Celebrating the Coronation of Napoleon I by Pope Pius VII at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris ”) and several medals and jetons for the Bank of France are the most noteworthy.

The victors imposed deep reforms on the country, such as a new legal system ( the Napoleonic code ) and the curtailment of religious freedoms, which lasted until the Concordat of 1802 between Napoleon and Pope Pius VII.

The magnificent gold " button ", or morse ( a clasp for a cape ), made by Cellini for the cape of Clement VII, the competition for which is so graphically described in his autobiography, appears to have been sacrificed by Pope Pius VI, with many other priceless specimens of the goldsmith's art, in furnishing the 30, 000, 000 francs demanded by Napoleon I at the conclusion of the campaign against the Papal States in 1797.

The Concordat of 1801 was an agreement between Napoleon and Pope Pius VII, signed on 15 July 1801.

When the Concordat was made in 1801 between Pius VII and Napoleon, Barruel wrote: Du Pape et de ses Droits Religieux.