Castile ( ) is a Spanish historical region of vague borders, which is the result of a gradual merge of the Kingdom of Castile with its neighbours to become the Crown of Castile and later the Kingdom of Spain when united with the Crown of Aragon and the Kingdom of Navarre.

* Cantabria, Asturias, La Rioja, and Murcia were granted autonomy as single provinces with historical regional identity, as well as Navarre, even though the latter was granted autonomy through the " update and improvement " of the medieval charters ( Spanish: fueros );

The communities of Asturias, Cantabria, La Rioja, the Balearic Islands, Madrid, Murcia and Navarre, having been granted autonomy as single provinces for historical reasons, are counted as provinces as well.

Pamplona () or Iruña (, alternative spelling: Iruñea, ) is the historical capital city of Navarre, in Spain, and of the former Kingdom of Navarre.

* Lower Navarre, historical region of southern France

* Kingdom of Navarre, historical state of Western Europe

* Collège de Navarre, a historical college in Paris

Surrounding the central green space are about twenty figures of historical French queens and female saints commissioned by Louis-Philippe in 1848, standing on pedestals, including statues of Jeanne III of Navarre, Blanche of Castile, Anne of Austria, Louise of Savoy, and Anne of France.

In the historical novel Amaya o los vascos en el siglo VIII ( 1879 ), the characters mention Teodomiro " duke of Aurariola and Baetica, general prevost of the army " as one of those who successfully resist Islamic dominance along with Pelayo of Asturias and García Jiménez of Navarre.

In the last decades, petitions have asked for the separation from Béarn and the creation of a Basque département, together with the other two historical Basque provinces of Lower Navarre and Soule.

Three masted ships appear in a fresco of Estella ( Navarre ), dating to the 12th century, seals preserved in the Navarrese and Parisian historical archives also show similar ships.

The people of the Basque Provinces and Navarre sided with Carlos because of traditionalism and historical respect for the Catholic Church ; ideologically, Carlos was close to them.

The historical Basque province of Lower Navarre ( Nafarroa Beherea in Basque and Basse-Navarre in French ), now part of the French département of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, in the Aquitaine région.

This legend is believed to be a fabrication made to legitimate the Lordship of Biscay as a separate state from Navarre, because there is no historical account of such a lord.

** pretenders to the throne of the historical kingdom of Navarre

He said, after swearing before the holy gospel, that " he was Michel De Villeneuve Doctor in Medicine about 42 years old, native of Tudela of the kingdom of Navarre, a city under the obedience to the Emperor ". The following day he said: ".. although he was not Servetus he assumed the person of Servet for debating with Calvin ".

The Kingdom of Pamplona ( after 12th century, Navarre ), was a Christian kingdom extending after the 13th century ( and briefly in the early 11th century ) at either side of the Pyrenees alongside the Atlantic Ocean.

* Iñigo Arista revolts against the Franks and establishes the kingdom of Navarre ( approximate date ).

* June 30 – Battle of Esquiroz: French forces under Henri d ' Albret, exiled King of Navarre, are defeated by the Spanish and forced to abandon their attempt to recover Henri's kingdom.

* Sancho I succeeds Fortun I as King of Pamplona and creates a Basque kingdom centered in Navarre.

That kingdom reached its zenith during the reign of Sancho III of Navarre and covered the area of the present-day Navarre, Basque country, and La Rioja, together with parts of modern Cantabria, Castile and León, and Aragon.

The small portion of Navarre lying north of the Pyrenees — Lower Navarre — later came under French rule when its Huguenot sovereign became King Henry IV of France ; with the declaration of the French Republic and execution of Louis XVI, the last King of France and Navarre, the kingdom was merged into a unitary French state.

After the annexation of Navarre to Spain ( 1512 ), Pamplona remained as capital of the autonomous kingdom of Navarre, which preserved its own institutions and laws.

When Alfonso the Battler, King of Navarre and Aragón, died without descendants in 1134, he willed his kingdom to the military orders.

After he assumed the crown of Navarre in October 1349, Charles II visited his kingdom to be anointed in summer 1350 but otherwise apart from short visits spent the first 12 years of his reign almost entirely in France ; he regarded Navarre principally as a source of manpower with which to advance his designs to become a major power in France.

After the failure of an attempt to win the Pope to his claim, Charles returned to his kingdom of Navarre in November 1361.

Philip VI was neither the heir nor a descendant of Joan I of Navarre, whose inheritance ( the kingdom of Navarre, as well as the counties of Champagne, Troyes, Meaux and Brie ) had been in personal union with the crown of France almost 50 years and had long been administered by the same royal machinery ( established by Philip IV, the father of French bureaucracy ), which administrative resource was inherited by Philip VI.

In 1354, John's son-in-law and cousin, Charles II of Navarre, who, in addition to his small Pyrenean kingdom, also held extensive lands in Normandy, was implicated in the assassination of the Constable of France, Charles de la Cerda.

In addition to Castilian Spanish being the primary official language of Spain, the kingdom also has several co-official regional languages which enjoy equal and unbiased constitutional protection and promotion: Catalan / Valencian ( in Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearic Islands ), Galician ( in Galicia ), Basque ( in the Basque Country and Navarre ) and Aranese ( in Val d ' Aran, Catalonia ).

This changed in 1076, when Sancho IV of Navarre was murdered by his own siblings, thus prompting a succession crisis in this neighboring kingdom that represented Aragon's nominal overlord.

At first, the murdered king's young son, García, who had fled to Castile, was recognized as titular king by Alfonso VI, while Sancho Ramírez recruited to his side noblemen of Navarre who resented their kingdom falling under Alfonso's influence.

Sancho Ramírez was elected King of Navarre, while he ceded previously contested western provinces of the kingdom to Alfonso.

This union created the Crown of Aragon, returning the previously-landlocked kingdom of Aragon to the position of peninsular power it had held prior to the loss of Navarre, as well as giving it a window to the Western Mediterranean it would come to dominate.

He was in the city during its siege by Henry of Navarre.

After Sancho III died, the Kingdom of Navarre was divided between his sons and never fully recovered its importance.

Despite its relatively small size, Navarre features stark contrasts in geography, from the Pyrenees mountain range that dominates the territory to the plains of the Ebro river valley in the south.

Navarre is a mixture of its Vasconic tradition, the Trans-Pyrenean influx of people and ideas and Mediterranean influences coming from the Ebro.

Navarre leads Europe in its use of renewable energy technology and was planning to reach 100 % renewable electricity generation by 2010.

Freed from its military function, Pamplona could lead the process of industrialization and modernization in which Navarre was involved during the 20th century, especially during its second half.

The throne of Navarre went its separate way, to Joan of France, daughter of Louis X, who became Joan II of Navarre.

The party won 150, 000 votes in the Basque Country ( 15 %) and 22, 000 additional votes in Navarre ( 9 %) in its first Spanish general election in March 1979.

This was part of what would prove to be a larger division: Navarre and the Basque country went to eldest half-brother García, the county of Castile, already held by Ferdinand, reverted to its feudal fealty to the Kingdom of León, while the counties of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza fell to Gonzalo and Ramiro received lands in Aragon to hold under García.

According to tradition, he was baptised by Saturninus ( in Navarre also known as Saint Cernin ) at the spot now known as the " Small Well of Saint Cernin " Fermin was ordained a priest in Toulouse and returned to Pamplona as its first bishop.

The areas over which Carlism could establish some sort on territorial authority during the first war ( Navarre, Rioja, rural Basque Country, inner Catalonia and northern Valencia region ) would remain the main holdings of Carlism for all its history, although the movement was actively supported everywhere else in Spain.

Among Franco's greatest area of support during the civil war was Navarre, also a Basque speaking region in its north half.

Navarre remained a separated region from the Basque Country and Franco decided to preserve its also centuries ' old fiscal privileges and autonomy, the so-called Fueros of Navarre.