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* Sancho I succeeds Fortun I as King of Pamplona and creates a Basque kingdom centered in Navarre.
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Sancho and I
He was the second but eldest surviving son of Sancho I of Portugal by his wife, Dulce, Infanta of Aragon.
Hitherto, his father Sancho I and his grandfather Afonso I were mostly concerned with military issues either against the neighbouring Kingdom of Castile or against the Moorish lands in the south.
He was the second son of King Sancho Ramírez and successor of his brother Peter I.
** Sancho I ( 1185 – 1211 )
El Cid entered al-Mutamin's service and successfully defended Zaragoza against the assaults of al-Mundhir, Sancho I of Aragón, and Ramón Berenguer II, whom he held captive briefly in 1082.
However, Louis marched the entire army of his kingdom, including Gascons with their duke Sancho I of Gascony, Provençals under Leibulf, and Goths under Bera, over the Pyrenees and besieged it for two years, wintering there from 800 to 801, when it capitulated.
Early in 1197, at the request of Sancho I, King of Portugal, Pope Celestine III declared a Crusade against Alfonso IX, and released his subjects from their responsibilities to the king, declaring " the men of his realm shall be absolved from their fidelity and his dominion by authority of the apostolic see.
At his death, the Navarrese chose as their king Sancho Ramirez, King of Aragon, who thus became Sancho V of Navarre and I of Aragon.
When his father Ferdinand I of Leon and Castile at his death in 1065 divided up his kingdom among his three sons, including himself, Sancho II remained silent.
* Sancho I of Portugal, king
* November 11 – King Sancho I of Portugal ( d. 1212 )
* Gascony becomes an independent kingdom, with Sancho I Mitarra as its first king.
* Sancho I of Portugal conquers Silves and Alvor with the help of the troops of the Third Crusade.
* Infante Fernando, Count of Flanders, son of king Sancho I
* March 26 – King Sancho I of Portugal ( b. 1154 )
* Dulce, Queen of Portugal, spouse of King Sancho I of Portugal ( d. 1198 )
* September 1 – Dulce, Queen of Portugal, wife of King Sancho I of Portugal ( b. 1160 )
* Sancho I of Aragon conquers Graus.
Sancho I continued the war against the Moors with varying fortune.
Lisbon had already ( 1179 ) received a charter from Afonso I. Sancho also endeavoured to foster immigration and agriculture, by granting estates to the military orders and municipalities on condition that the occupiers should cultivate or colonize their lands.
* December 11 – Sancho I of Pamplona ( b. c. 860 )
Sancho and succeeds
* Afonso III succeeds Sancho II as King of Portugal.
Sancho and King
He was the second son of King Afonso II of Portugal and his wife, Urraca of Castile ; he succeeded his brother, King Sancho II of Portugal, who was removed from the throne on 4 January 1248.
As the second son of King Afonso II of Portugal, Afonso was not expected to inherit the throne, which was destined to go to his elder brother Sancho.
In 1309, Afonso IV married Infanta Beatrice of Castile, daughter of King Sancho IV of Castile by his wife Maria de Molina.
Afonso married Beatrice of Castile ( 1293 – 1359 ) in 1309, daughter of Sancho IV, King of Castile, and María de Molina and had four sons and three daughters.
King Sancho III of Navarre conquered Leon in 1034 and began using it.
* 1293 – King Sancho IV of Castile creates the Study of General Schools of Alcalá.
Innocent IV was responsible for the eventual deposition of King Sancho II of Portugal at the request of his brother Afonso ( later King Afonso III of Portugal ).
Before leaving Cyprus Richard married Berengaria of Navarre, first-born daughter of King Sancho VI of Navarre.
He constructed an alliance against Philip, including Baldwin IX of Flanders, Renaud, Count of Boulogne, and his father-in-law King Sancho VI of Navarre, who raided Philip's lands from the south.
Following the disastrous defeat of Alfonso VIII, King of Castile, at Alarcos, Kings Alfonso IX, of Kingdom of León, and Sancho VII, of Navarre, entered an alliance with the Almohads and invaded Castile in 1196.
Meanwhile, Navarre lost all importance under King Sancho IV, for he lost Rioja to Sancho II of Castile, and nearly became the vassal of Aragon.
A hundred years later, King Alfonso VI of Castile, considered among the greatest of the Medieval Spanish kings, designated as his heir his son ( also a Sancho ) by the refugee Muslim princess Zaida of Seville.
* Sancho III of Navarre becomes King of Aragon and Navarre.
* March 25 – Sancho II is crowned King of Portugal
* January 4 – King Sancho II of Portugal
* King Sancho III of Navarre conquers Castile.
* August 21 – Sancho III and Ferdinand II, the sons of King Alfonso VII of Castile, divide his kingdom between them upon his death.
Sancho and Pamplona
In 1190, Eleanor met Sancho in Pamplona and he hosted a banquet in the Palacio Real de Olite in her honour.
With the support of king Jimeno Garcés of Pamplona, they drove Alfonso Fróilaz to the eastern marches of Asturias, and divided the kingdom among themselves with Alfonso Ordóñez receiving the crown of León and his elder brother Sancho being acclaimed king in Galicia.
Alfonso had married Oneca Sánchez of Pamplona, niece of his ally Jimeno Garcés and daughter of Sancho I of Pamplona by Toda of Navarre.
A three-day battle was fought in which the pro-Córdoba faction routed their enemies and killed Velasco, along with García López, kinsman of Alfonso II of Asturias, Sancho " warrior / knight of Pamplona ", and pagan warrior " Ṣaltān ".
The town was conquered by the Christian king Sancho I of Pamplona in 908-909.
His father last appears in 1000, while Sancho is first found as king in 1004, inheriting the kingdom of Pamplona ( later known as Navarre ).
This gap has led to speculation as to whether there was an interregnum, while one document shows Sancho Ramírez of Viguera reigning in Pamplona in 1002, perhaps ruling as had Jimeno Garcés during the youth of García Sánchez I three generations earlier.
Sancho continued the construction of a new cathedral in Pamplona, as begun by his father and to be finished by his successor.
In 1020 Duke Sancho VI ceded the jurisdiction over Labourd and what came to be known as Lower Navarre, to King Sancho III the Great of Pamplona.
The Emirate also attempted to reestablish its control in the region, and in 816 fought a battle there against the " enemy of Allah ", Balask al-Yalaski ( Velasco the Gascon ), who was killed along with Garcia Loup, kinsman of Alfonso II of Asturias, Sancho, premier knight in Pamplona, and Saltan, premier knight of the Mayus ( pagans ).
Garcia Sanchez's son, Sancho II Garces, nicknamed Abarca, ruled as king of Pamplona from 970 to 994.
Around 985 Sancho II Garces crossed the Pyrenees to Gascony, which was being raided by the Normans, probably in rescue of his brother-in-law William Sánchez, but had to make his way back on the news of a Muslim attack against Pamplona.
Under Sancho III the Great ( reigned 1000 / 4 – 1035 ) and his immediate successors, Pamplona reached the height of its power and extent.
Inheriting Pamplona, including Aragon, Sancho III conquered Ribagorza and Sobrarbe, which had been depopulated since the collapse of Moorish control.
Domains of Sancho III the Great · Red: Kingdom of Pamplona · Orange: other possessions · Pink: direct influence
Sancho the Great was brought up at Leyra, which was also for a short time the capital of the Diocese of Pamplona.
To Sancho the Great, also, the See of Pamplona owed its re-establishment, the king having, for this purpose, convoked a synod at Leyra in 1022 and one at Pamplona in 1023.
The reign of Sancho the Wise's successor, the last king of the male line of Sancho the Great and of kings of Pamplona, king Sancho VII the Strong ( Sancho el Fuerte ) ( 1194 – 1234 ), was more troubled.
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