After the French ceded its colonies on Newfoundland and the Acadian mainland to the British by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, the French relocated the population of Plaisance, Newfoundland to Île Royale and the French garrison was established in the central eastern part at Ste.

Historically, Newfoundland was also home to unique varieties of French, and Irish, as well as the now-extinct Beothuk language.

The name Newfoundland is derived from English as " New Found Land " ( a translation from the Portuguese Terra Nova, and still reflected in the province's French language name, " Terre Neuve ").

In the far north, the English on several occasions sent fleets to raid French settlements and destroy fishing stages on Newfoundland, but suffered the loss of St. John's in 1708 / 9 after the French made an overland march from Plaisance.

Pitt's refusal to grant the French a share in Newfoundland proved the biggest obstacle to peace, as Pitt declared he would rather lose the use of his right arm than give the French a share there and later said he would rather give up the Tower of London than Newfoundland.

The descent of the French on St. John's, Newfoundland, 1762.

The notable exception was the French seizure of St. John's, Newfoundland.

* French Canadian Pea Soup Quebec soupe aux pois vs. Newfoundland pea soup

Verrazzano gave the names Francesca and Nova Gallia to that land between New Spain and English Newfoundland, thus promoting French interests.

French interest in the New World began with Francis I of France, who in 1524 sponsored Giovanni da Verrazzano to navigate the region between Florida and Newfoundland in hopes of finding a route to the Pacific Ocean.

He participated in a 1762 attempt by the French to gain control of Newfoundland, escaping with the fleet when the British arrived in force to drive them out.

The battle saw the British Army, supported by contingents from British imperial territories, including Australia, New Zealand, Newfoundland, Canada, India and South Africa, mount a joint offensive with the French Army against the German Army, which had occupied large areas of France since its invasion of the country in August 1914.

The Society of Merchant Venturers of Bristol began to settle Newfoundland and Labrador at Cuper's Cove as far back as 1610, and Newfoundland had also been the subject of a French colonial enterprise.

Miss Murphy was born in Placentia, Newfoundland.

* In the year 1000, the Icelander Leif Ericson was the first European to set foot on North American soil, corresponding to today's Eastern coast of Canada, i. e. the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, including the area of land named " Vinland " by Ericson.

He was also credited as one of the discoverers of the Newfoundland fisheries.

A complete map was published in 2009 ( Flood, et al., 2009 ) using these previous results with high quality mapping obtained in 2006 ( by researchers at Memorial University, Newfoundland, Canada who are project partners in this study.

The project was led by Dr Jeff Peakall and Dr Daniel Parsons at the University of Leeds in collaboration with the University of Southampton, Memorial University ( Newfoundland, Canada ), and the Institute of Marine Sciences ( Izmir, Turkey ).

Following the 1852 Telegraph Act, Canada's first permanent transatlantic telegraph link was a submarine cable built in 1866 between Ireland and Newfoundland. Telegrams were sent through networks built by Canadian Pacific and Canadian National.

In the four Atlantic provinces ( Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland and Labrador ), the reception of English law was automatic, under the principle set out by Blackstone relating to settled colonies.

Other events fell on the same day coincidentally, such as the first day of the Battle of the Somme in 1916 — shortly after which Newfoundland recognized July 1 as Memorial Day to commemorate the Newfoundland Regiment's heavy losses during the battle — and the enactment of the Chinese Immigration Act in 1923 — leading Chinese-Canadians to refer to July 1 as Humiliation Day and boycott Dominion Day celebrations until the act was repealed in 1947.

There is speculation that Viking explorers discovered and settled in the Vinland region around 1000 AD, which is when the L ' Anse aux Meadows settlement in Newfoundland and Labrador has been dated, and it is possible that further exploration was made into the present-day Maritimes and northeastern United States.

Newfoundland never ratified the statute, so it was still subject to imperial authority when its entire system of government and economy collapsed in the mid-1930s.

The GSSP of the upper boundary of the Ediacaran is the lower boundary of the Cambrian on the SE coast of Newfoundland approved by the International Commission on Stratigraphy as a preferred alternative to the base of the Tommotian Stage in Siberia which was selected on the basis of the ichnofossils Treptichnus pedum.

A person buried at the Maritime Archaic site at Port au Choix, Newfoundland, dating to about 2000 BC, was found surrounded by more than 200 Great Auk beaks, which are believed to have been part of a suit made from their skins, with the heads left attached as decoration.

Dr. Cluny MacPherson of Royal Newfoundland Regiment brought the idea of a mask made of chemical absorbing fabric and which fitted over the entire head to England, and this was developed into the British Hypo Helmet of June 1915.

Newfoundland Irish, the dialect of the Irish language specific to the island was widely spoken until the mid-20th century.

Cook's aptitude for surveying was put to good use mapping the jagged coast of Newfoundland in the 1760s, aboard the HMS Grenville.

Following on from his exertions in Newfoundland, it was at this time that Cook wrote that he intended to go not only:

Newfoundland was one of the first areas settled by England in North America, beginning in small numbers in the early 17th century before peaking in the early 19th century.

Newfoundland was a British colony until 1907 when it became an independent Dominion within the British Empire.

Historically, Newfoundland English was first recognized as a separate dialect by the late 18th century when George Cartwright published a glossary of Newfoundland words.

Some Newfoundland English differs from General Canadian English in vowel pronunciation ( e. g., in much of Newfoundland, the words fear and fair are homophones ), in morphology and syntax ( e. g., in Newfoundland the word bes is sometimes used in place of the normally conjugated forms of to be to describe continual actions or states of being, as in that rock usually bes under water instead of that rock is usually under water, but normal conjugation of to be is used in all other cases ; bes is likely a carryover of British Somerset usage with Irish grammar ) or Cornish, and in preservation of archaic adverbial-intensifiers ( e. g., in Newfoundland that play was right boring and that play was some boring both mean " that play was very boring ").

The uprising in St. John's was significant in that it was the first occasion on which the Irish in Newfoundland deliberately challenged the authority of the state, and because the British feared that it might not be the last.

* Later in 1919, a British aeroplane piloted by Alcock and Brown made the first non-stop transatlantic flight, from Newfoundland to Ireland.

* 1527 – The first known letter from North America is sent by John Rut while at St. John's, Newfoundland.

The scenery of the island is rivalled in northeastern North America only by Newfoundland and Cape Breton Island tourism marketing places a heavy emphasis on its Scottish Gaelic heritage through events such as the Celtic Colours Festival, held each October, as well as promotions through the Gaelic College of Celtic Arts and Crafts.

The Maritimes were the second area in Canada to be settled by Europeans, after Newfoundland.

Most Acadian fishing activities were overshadowed by the comparatively enormous seasonal European fishing fleets based out of Newfoundland which took advantage of proximity to the Grand Banks.

In the 8th century, North Germanic seamen launched a massive expansion, founding important states in Eastern Europe and northern France, while colonizing the Atlantic as far as North America by around 1000 AD ( L ' Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland, Canada ).

A later claim of a live individual sighted in 1852 on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland has been accepted by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources ( IUCN ).

It has been criticised on the grounds that it in fact excludes most of the islands in the North Atlantic, including Iceland, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island, Cape Breton Island, and the Azores, and also that the only island referred to by the term that is actually in the North Atlantic Ocean is Ireland.

Several nationalist leaders banded together in 1916 under the leadership of Annie Besant to voice a demand for self-government, and to obtain the status of a Dominion within the British Empire as enjoyed by Australia, Canada, South Africa, New Zealand and Newfoundland at the time.

* 1919 – A naval Curtiss aircraft NC-4 commanded by Albert Cushing Read leaves Trepassey, Newfoundland, for Lisbon via the Azores on the first transatlantic flight.

* 1932 – Amelia Earhart takes off from Newfoundland to begin the world's first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean by a female pilot, landing in Ireland the next day.

Newfoundland is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, separated by the Strait of Belle Isle from Labrador, the sparsely populated mainland part of the province.

The use of ownership in Newfoundland English is characterized by replacing words like " My " or " Mine " with " Me ".