It was later included in the King James Bible, something Isaac Newton commented on in An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture.

It was this period that Newton later remembered as the time he was " once an infidel and libertine, a servant of slaves in West Africa.

Newton later came to believe that during the first five of his nine years as a slave trader he had not been a Christian in the full sense of the term: " I was greatly deficient in many respects ...

Some eight decades later, Isaac Newton proved that relationships like Kepler's would apply exactly under certain ideal conditions that are to a good approximation fulfilled in the solar system, as consequences of Newton's own laws of motion and law of universal gravitation.

However, a century later, Young and Fresnel revived the wave theory of light when they pointed out that light could be a transverse wave rather than a longitudinal wave — the polarization of a transverse wave ( like Newton's " sides " of light ) could explain birefringence, and in the wake of a series of experiments on diffraction the particle model of Newton was finally abandoned.

This cosmology was accepted by Isaac Newton, Christiaan Huygens and later scientists.

The later theory of light by Isaac Newton in his Opticks proposed a different explanation for reflection, refraction and interference of light assuming the existence of light particles.

In the spring of 1875 he applied for the Archaeological Travelling Studentship offered by Oxford, but, as he says in a letter to Freeman later in life, he was turned down thanks to the efforts of Benjamin Jowett and Charles Thomas Newton, two Oxford dons having a low opinion of his work there.

In Europe, during the later half of the 17th century, Newton and Leibniz independently developed infinitesimal calculus, which grew, with the stimulus of applied work that continued through the 18th century, into analysis topics such as the calculus of variations, ordinary and partial differential equations, Fourier analysis, and generating functions.

" This section is of primary interest for its application to the solar system, and includes Proposition 66 along with its 22 Corollaries: here Newton took the first steps in the definition and study of the problem of the movements of three massive bodies subject to their mutually perturbing gravitational attractions, a problem which later gained name and fame ( among other reasons, for its great difficulty ) as the three-body problem.

This section of Rules for philosophy is followed by a listing of ' Phenomena ', in which are listed a number of mainly astronomical observations, that Newton used as the basis for inferences later on, as if adopting a consensus set of facts from the astronomers of his time.

From this textual evolution, it appears that Newton wanted by the later headings ' Rules ' and ' Phenomena ' to clarify for his readers his view of the roles to be played by these various statements.

Newton's single-minded attention to his work generally, and to his project during this time, is shown by later reminiscences from his secretary and copyist of the period, Humphrey Newton.

Surviving preliminary materials show that Newton ( up to some time in 1685 ) conceived his book as a two-volume work: The first volume was to be ' De motu corporum, Liber primus ', with contents that later appeared ( in extended form ) as Book 1 of the ' Principia '.

Newton's heirs shortly afterwards published the Latin version in their possession, also in 1728, under the ( new ) title De Mundi Systemate, amended to update cross-references, citations and diagrams to those of the later editions of the Principia, making it look superficially as if it had been written by Newton after the Principia, rather than before.

In it, we can see handwritten notes by Leibniz, in particular concerning the controversy of who discovered calculus ( although he published it later, Newton argued that he developed it earlier ).

Two later editions were published by Newton:

Newton referred to his plans for a second edition in correspondence with Flamsteed in November 1694: Newton also maintained annotated copies of the first edition specially bound up with interleaves on which he could note his revisions ; two of these copies still survive: but he had not completed the revisions by 1708, and of two would-be editors, Newton had almost severed connections with one, Fatio de Duillier, and the other, David Gregory seems not to have met with Newton's approval and was also terminally ill, dying later in 1708.

The third edition was published 25 March 1726, under the stewardship of Henry Pemberton, M. D., a man of the greatest skill in these matters ...; Pemberton later said that this recognition was worth more to him than the two hundred guinea award from Newton.

Book II of the Experimenta Nova is an extended philosophical essay in which von Guericke puts forward a view of the nature of Space similar to that later espoused by Newton.

The Black Panther Party was founded by Oakland City College ( later Merritt College ) students Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.

Halley took the problem to Newton for advice, prompting the latter to write a nine-page answer, De motu corporum in gyrum, which was later to be expanded into the Principia.

She had intended Newton to become a clergyman, but she died of tuberculosis when he was six years old.

For the next few years, Newton was raised by his emotionally distant stepmother while his father was at sea, and spent some time at a boarding school where he was mistreated.

He sings the sixth and fifth verses in that order, and Stowe included another verse not written by Newton that had been passed down orally in African American communities for at least 50 years.

The town included a much larger area than the present city, with various outlying parts becoming independent towns over the years: Newton ( originally Cambridge Village, then Newtown ) in 1688, Lexington ( Cambridge Farms ) in 1712, and both West Cambridge ( originally Menotomy ) and Brighton ( Little Cambridge ) in 1807.

In 1831 he published a short popular account of the philosopher's life in Murray's Family Library ; but it was not until 1855 that he was able to issue the much fuller Memoirs of the Life, Writings and Discoveries of Sir Isaac Newton, a work which embodied the results of more than 20 years ' investigation of original manuscripts and other available sources.

Newton spent two years at boarding school.

In 1788, 34 years after he had retired from the slave trade, Newton broke a long silence on the subject with the publication of a forceful pamphlet " Thoughts Upon the Slave Trade ", in which he described the horrific conditions of the slave ships during the Middle Passage, and apologized for " a confession, which ... comes too late ...

Newton is attributed with suggesting that he and Cowper collaborate on a collection of hymns, ultimately drawn largely from Newton's texts accumulated over ( by the time of publication ) some 10 years.

Born Robert Newton Calvert in Pretoria, South Africa, Calvert's parents moved to England when he was two years of age ; he attended school in London and Margate.

Some of the most in-demand orchestrators today ( and of the past 30 years ) include Jeff Atmajian, Pete Anthony & Brad Dechter ( James Newton Howard, Christoper Young, John Powell, Hans Zimmer ), Conrad Pope ( John Williams ), Eddie Karam ( John Williams ), Tony Blondal ( Rolfe Kent, Henry Jackman, Chris Young, Ramin Djawadi et al.

Other evidence also shows Newton's absorption in the Principia: Newton for years kept up a regular programme of chemical or alchemical experiments, and he normally kept dated notes of them, but for a period from May 1684 to April 1686, Newton's chemical notebooks have no entries at all.

Newton had been urged to make a new edition of the ' Principia ' since the early 1690s, partly because copies of the first edition had already become very rare and expensive within a few years after 1687.

* John Herivel, The background to Newton ’ s Principia ; a study of Newton ’ s dynamical researches in the years 1664-84 ( Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1965 ).

Production totalled 8, 340 at several factories: Hamble, Failsworth, Miles Platting and Newton Heath and continued for almost 20 years.

A prestigious annual art award, the Turner Prize, created in 1984, was named in Turner's honour, and twenty years later the Winsor & Newton Turner Watercolour Award was founded.

The heliocentric theory was successfully revived nearly 1800 years later by Copernicus, after which Johannes Kepler and Isaac Newton gave the theoretical explanation based on laws of physics, namely Kepler's laws for the motion of planets and Newton's laws on gravitational attraction and dynamics.

According to Isaac Newton, also a classical scholar, the nine kings reigned an average of 42 years each, which can be used as an estimator of the dates.

According to Isaac Newton, also a classical scholar, the ten kings reigned an average of 38 years each, which can be used as an estimator of the dates.

Kepler's model greatly improved the accuracy of predictions of planetary motion, years before Isaac Newton developed his law of gravitation.

Over the years, the town lost territory to Hampton Falls, Seabrook and Newton, but gained territory from East Kingston in 1824.

As the years passed, the farms along Newton Creek were divided into lots and the development called " Oakland the Beautiful.

Newton operates under the Faulkner Act ( Council-Manager ) form of municipal government with a five-member Town Council, whose members are chosen in nonpartisan elections to four-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with two or three seats coming up for election in even years.