A France-Vietnam alliance was signed through the Treaty of Versailles of 1787, between Louis XVI and Prince Nguyễn Ánh.

As the French regime was under considerable strain, France was unable to follow through with the application of the Treaty, but Mgr Pigneau de Behaine persisted in his efforts and with the support of French individuals and traders mounted a force of French soldiers and officers that would contribute to the modernization of the armies of Nguyễn Ánh, contributing to his victory and his reconquest of all of Vietnam by 1802.

In 1787, Pigneau de Béhaine, a French Catholic priest, petitioned the French government and organized French military volunteers to aid Nguyễn Ánh in retaking lands his family lost to the Tây Sơn.

Pigneau died in Viet Nam, his troops fought on until 1802 in the French assistance to Nguyễn Ánh.

The surviving prince Nguyễn Phúc Ánh ( often called Nguyễn Ánh ) fled to Siam, and obtained military support from the Siamese king.

Nguyễn Ánh fled Vietnam, but he did not give up.

In the South, Nguyễn Ánh, assisted by many talented recruits from the South, captured Gia Định ( present day Saigon ) in 1788 and established a strong base for his force.

Nguyễn Ánh sailed north in 1799, capturing Tây Sơn's stronghold Qui Nhơn.

Nguyễn Ánh finally won the war in 1802, when he sieged Thăng Long ( Hanoi ) and executed Nguyễn Huệ's son, Nguyễn Quang Toản, along with many Tây Sơn generals and officials.

Nguyễn Ánh ascended the throne and called himself Emperor Gia Long.

In 1784, during the conflict between Nguyễn Ánh, the surviving heir of the Nguyễn Lords, and the Tây Sơn Dynasty, a French Roman Catholic prelate, Pigneaux de Behaine, sailed to France to seek military backing for Nguyễn Ánh.

After Nguyễn Ánh established the Nguyễn Dynasty in 1802, he tolerated Catholicism and employed some Europeans in his court as advisors.

* 1802 – 1820: Nguyễn Ánh comes to the throne of the first united Vietnam ; he succeeds by quelling the Tayson rebellion in south Vietnam with help from Rama I in Bangkok, then takes over the north from the remaining Trinh.

In 1965, stability came to South Vietnam when he became the figurehead head of state, while Air Marshall Nguyễn Cao Kỳ became prime minister, leading a junta that ended the cycle of coups with two years of continuity, although the men were rivals.

Final unification came under Nguyễn Phúc Ánh, a remarkably tenacious member of the Nguyễn noble family who fought for 25 years against the Tây Sơn and ultimately conquered the entire country in 1802.

Trường Chinh came to be receptive to reformists and gradually sided with them after visits to the countryside in 1983, amidst the critical economic conditions facing Vietnam at the time, support Nguyễn Văn Linh ; nevertheless, he was replaced by Nguyễn Văn Linh at the Sixth Party Congress in December 1986, part of a sweeping leadership change that marked the beginning of the Đổi mới ( Renovation ) period.

In the early years of Minh Mạng's government, the most serious challenge came from one of his father's most trusted lieutenants and a national hero in Vietnam, Lê Văn Duyệt, who had led the Nguyễn forces to victory at Quy Nhơn in 1801 against the Tây Sơn Dynasty and was made regent in the south by Gia Long with full freedom to rule and deal with foreign powers.

The brothers were assassinated together in the back of an armoured personnel carrier with a bayonet and revolver by Captain Nguyễn Văn Nhung, under orders from Dương Văn Minh, while en route to the Vietnamese Joint General Staff headquarters.

However, the Trịnh, under a new leader, Trịnh Tạc, forced the Nguyễn back by 1655.

In 1773, the Nguyễn made peace with King Taksin, giving back some land they controlled in Cambodia.

The Nguyễn family had been one of the major families in Vietnamese history, dating back to the days of the Hero – Emperor Lê Lợi.

Chiêu Thống fled back to China as Nguyễn Huệ was proclaimed Emperor Quang Trung.

In 1940, upon an invitation from a group of lay Buddhists led by Mr. Nguyễn Văn Hiểu, he went back to Vietnam in order to help establish the first Theravada temple for Vietnamese Buddhists, at Gò Dưa, Thủ Đức ( now a district of Hồ Chí Minh City ).

In 1858, the brief period of unification under the Nguyễn Dynasty ended with a successful attack on Da Nang by French Admiral Charles Rigault de Genouilly under the orders of Napoleon III.

Amid religious protests that garnered worldwide attention, Diệm lost the backing of his U. S. patrons and was assassinated, along with his brother, Ngô Đình Nhu by Nguyễn Văn Nhung, the aide of ARVN General Dương Văn Minh on 2 November 1963, during a coup d ' état that deposed his government.

The Việt Nam Ðộc Lập Ðồng Minh Hội is not to be confused with the Việt Nam Cách Mạng Ðồng Minh Hội ( League for the Vietnamese Revolution, abbreviated as Việt Cách ) which was founded by Nguyễn Hai Than and Hồ Ngoc Lam, and which later joined the Vietnamese National Coalition in 1946.

In Vietnam, most rulers are known by their temple names, with the exception of Nguyễn and Tây Sơn Dynasty rulers, who are known by their era names.

Together with Lê Đức Thọ, Head of the Party Organisational Department, and Nguyễn Chí Thanh, a military general, Lê tried to monopolise the decision-making process – this became even more evident following Hồ's death.

Thiệu and another Catholic General, Nguyễn Hữu Có, called for the replacement of Khánh with Minh, but the latter refused.

Overcoming many early setbacks and with strategic advices from Nguyễn Trãi, Lê Lợi's movement finally gathered momentum, marched northward, and launched a siege at Đông Quan ( now Hanoi ), the capital of the Ming occupation.

The Trịnh were much stronger, with a larger population, economy and army, but they were unable to vanquish the Nguyễn, who had built two defensive stone walls and invested in Portuguese artillery.

After one last offensive in 1672, Trịnh Tạc agreed to a truce with the Nguyễn Lord Nguyễn Phúc Tần.

The Trịnh-Nguyễn War gave European traders the opportunities to support each side with weapons and technology: the Portuguese assisted the Nguyễn in the South while the Dutch helped the Trịnh in the North.

The Nguyễn army at times also clashed with the Siamese army to establish influence over Chenla.

Nguyễn Huệ proclaimed himself Emperor Quang Trung and defeated the Qing troops with 100, 000 men in a surprise 7 day campaign during the lunar new year ( Tết ).

The Period of Division with its many tragedies and dramatic historical developments inspired many poets and gave rise to some Vietnamese masterpieces in verse, including the epic poem The Tale of Kiều ( Truyện Kiều ) by Nguyễn Du, Song of a Soldier's Wife ( Chinh Phụ Ngâm ) by Đặng Trần Côn and Đoàn Thị Điểm, and a collection of satirical, erotically charged poems by a female poet, Hồ Xuân Hương.

Within French Indochina, Cochinchina had the status of a colony, Annam was nominally a protectorate where the Nguyễn Dynasty still ruled, and Tonkin had a French governor with local governments run by Vietnamese officials.

Even the teenage Nguyễn Emperor Hàm Nghi left the Imperial Palace of Huế in 1885 with regent Tôn Thất Thuyết and started the Cần Vương, or " Save the King ", movement, trying to rally the people to resist the French.

In 1930, the Communist International ( Comintern ) sent Nguyễn Ái Quốc to Hong Kong to coordinate the unification of the parties into the Vietnamese Communist Party with Trần Phú as the first Secretary General.

Over the next 50 years, Vietnamese control slowly expanded in this area but only gradually as the Nguyễn were fighting a protracted civil war with the Trịnh Lords in the north.

" Scotty " Nguyễn ( born October 28, 1962 ) is a Vietnamese American professional poker player who is a five-time World Series of Poker ( WSOP ) bracelet winner, most notably as the winner of the 1998 World Series of Poker Main Event and the 2008 WSOP $ 50, 000 H. O. R. S. E.

In mid-1784 Nguyễn Ánh, with 50, 000 Siamese troops and 300 ships, moved through Cambodia, then East of Tonlé Sap and penetrated the recently annexed provinces of Annam.