# REDIRECT Nicolaus Copernicus

In physical cosmology, the Copernican principle, named after Nicolaus Copernicus, states that the Earth is not in a central, specially favored position.

* 1473 – Nicolaus Copernicus, mathematician and astronomer ( d. 1543 )

* 1543: Nicolaus Copernicus.

In 1543, astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus from Toruń ( Thorn ) published his work De revolutionibus orbium coelestium and became the first person to formulate a comprehensive heliocentric cosmology that displaced the Earth from the center of the universe.

File: Nikolaus Kopernikus. jpg | Nicolaus Copernicus ( 1473 – 1543 )

Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus remembered for his development of the heliocentricism | heliocentric model of the Solar System

A great breakthrough in astronomy was made by Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus ( 1473 – 1543 ), who proposed in 1543 the heliocentric model of the solar system.

Galileo, however, felt that the descriptive content of the technical disciplines warranted philosophical interest, particularly because mathematical analysis of astronomical observations — notably the radical analysis offered by astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus concerning the relative motions of the Sun, Earth, Moon, and planets — indicated that philosophers ' statements about the nature of the universe could be shown to be in error.

Kepler's laws and his analysis of the observations on which they were based, the assertion that the Earth orbited the Sun, proof that the planets ' speeds varied, and use of elliptical orbits rather than circular orbits with epicycles — challenged the long-accepted geocentric models of Aristotle and Ptolemy, and generally supported the heliocentric theory of Nicolaus Copernicus ( although Kepler's ellipses likewise did away with Copernicus's circular orbits and epicycles ).

Nicolaus Copernicus and Karol Wojtyła ( Pope John Paul II ) graduated from it.

# REDIRECT Nicolaus Copernicus

File: Nikolaus Kopernikus. jpg | Nicolaus Copernicus ( 1473-1543 ): published De revolutionibus orbium coelestium ( On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres ) in 1543-often considered the starting point of modern astronomy-in which he argued that the Earth and the other planets revolved around the Sun ( heliocentrism )

In the 16th century, Nicolaus Copernicus advanced the ideas of heliocentrism, recognizing the Sun as the centre of the Solar System.

The concept emerged from the numerous great thinkers of that era who excelled in multiple fields of the arts and science, including Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Galileo Galilei, Nicolaus Copernicus, and Francis Bacon.

Later Nicolaus Copernicus would refer to this book as an influence on his own work.

Nicolaus Copernicus ' teacher, Domenico Maria Novara da Ferrara, referred to Regiomontanus as having been his own teacher.

Many of these early polymaths were also religious priests and theologians: for example, Alhazen and al-Biruni were mutakallimiin ; the physician Avicenna was a hafiz ; the physician Ibn al-Nafis was a hafiz, muhaddith and ulema ; the botanist Otto Brunfels was a theologian and historian of Protestantism ; the astronomer and physician Nicolaus Copernicus was a priest.

Despite some challenges to religious views, however, many notable figures of the scientific revolution — including Nicolaus Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei, Francis Bacon, René Descartes, Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz — remained devout in their faith.

Nicolaus Copernicus ( 1473 – 1543 ), Kepler ( 1571 – 1630 ), Newton ( 1642 – 1727 ) and Galileo Galilei ( 1564 – 1642 ) all traced different ancient and medieval ancestries for the heliocentric system.

The geocentric model was nearly universally accepted until 1543 when Nicolaus Copernicus published his book entitled De revolutionibus orbium coelestium and was widely accepted into the next century.

* Nicolaus Copernicus ( 1473 – 1543 ) published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres in 1543, which advanced the heliocentric theory of cosmology.

The medieval old town of Toruń is the birthplace of the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus.

In September 2004, Bydgoszcz Medical School joined Toruń's Nicolaus Copernicus University as its Collegium Medicum.

The founding of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in 1945 was significant.

He also sought the opinions of many of the astronomers to whom he had sent Mysterium, among them Reimarus Ursus ( Nicolaus Reimers Bär )— the imperial mathematician to Rudolph II and a bitter rival of Tycho Brahe.

This value was improved by 28 seconds in 1525 by Nicolaus Copernicus, who appealed to the estimation of Thabit ibn Qurra ( 826 – 901 ), which had an error of + 2 seconds.

However, the law had been stated forty years earlier by Nicolaus Copernicus.

In 1543, Nicolaus Copernicus had already posited that the planets orbited the Sun as the Earth does ; combined, these two concepts led to the thought that the planets might be " worlds " similar to the Earth.

There is no reason for assigning this work to some other author because it is not noticed in Hermippus and Andronicus, especially as Nicolaus of Damascus had already mentioned it.

Gresham's law takes its name from him ( although others, including the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus, had recognized the concept for years ) because he urged Queen Elizabeth to restore the debased currency of England.

Perhaps the most controversial and important work of the time period was a treatise printed in Nuremberg, entitled De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium: in it, the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus removed the Earth from its privileged position in the universe, which had far-reaching effects, not only in science, but in literature and its approach to humanity, hierarchy, and truth.

In the 15th century, Michael's brothers George and Ladislaus, who both died without issue, had sold their heritage to the then-head of the Somlyó branch, Nicolaus.

According to Nicolaus Zink, Prince Solms had planned to establish a German feudal state by secretly bringing in immigrants and placing them in military fortresses.

This work, Theoricæ novæ planetarum, had an enormous success and remained the basis of academic instruction in astronomy until years after Nicolaus Copernicus had swept away all these hypotheses.

In the 16th century, Nicolaus Copernicus De revolutionibus presented a full discussion of a heliocentric model of the universe in much the same way as Ptolemy's Almagest had presented his geocentric model in the 2nd century.

He married Swedish aristocrat Monica Silfverskiöld on November 3, 1956, and had two children with her: Pamela and Nicolaus.

One such came from Nicolaus of Damascus, the court historian for Herod, who wrote that Herod ’ s ancestors were among the historical elite in Jerusalem who had been taken by King Nebuchadnezzar into Babylonian captivity in the sixth century BCE.

In 1810, Martin became the pastor of St. John's in Dresden, a specially chartered church that had its origins in those who had fled from Moravia and Bohemia in 1650 and were befriended by Count Nicolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf, a pietistic bishop and missionary.

In the 16th century, Nicolaus Copernicus's De revolutionibus presented a full discussion of a heliocentric model of the universe in much the same way as Ptolemy's Almagest had presented his geocentric model in the 2nd century.

The work of Ali Qushji ( d. 1474 ), who worked at Samarqand and then Istanbul, is seen as a late example of innovation in Islamic theoretical astronomy and it is believed he may have possibly had some influence on Nicolaus Copernicus due to similar arguments concerning the Earth's rotation.

Although his system was firmly geocentric -- he had eliminated the Ptolemaic equant and eccentrics -- the mathematical details of his system encompassed those in Nicolaus Copernicus ' De revolutionibus, which had retained the Ptolemaic eccentric.

Probably the best-known action was the removal of a German-language plaque that had been attached by the Germans to the Nicolaus Copernicus Monument in Warsaw, claiming the astronomer for the German nation.

The De jure in conscientias ab homine non usurpando dated from 1702 ; it was written after Nicolaus Wil ( c ) kens had defended a thesis on religious freedom in the absence of consequences for public order, and defends freedom of conscience.

Nicolaus had a university degree in jurisprudence from the Benedictine University in Salzburg, and held a number of positions of responsibility, including district superintendent in St. Andrae.

Eleonora Maria Jauch's ( 1732 – 1797 ) father-in-law was the dean of Bardowick Kaspar Nicolaus Overbeck, in whose foster-parental home August Hermann Francke 1687 had been guest when he experienced his so-called " Lüneburg conversion " ( Lüneburger Bekehrung ), making him one of the earliest leaders of Pietism.