The later edition contained a prefatory essay, An Attempt at Self-Criticism, wherein Nietzsche commented on this earliest book.

* Northrop Frye, in his highly influential Anatomy of Criticism, formulated a theories of cycles influenced by Giambattista Vico and Oswald Spengler, and later commented: " I noticed that the acceptance of theories of recurrence seemed to accompany either neurotic obsession, as in Nietzsche, or projected forms of self-interrogation of the most dubious kind, as in Yeats ' Vision.

In his autobiographical work Ecce Homo, Nietzsche states that the book's underlying concept is discussed within " the penultimate section of the fourth book " of ' The Gay Science ' ( Ecce Homo, Kaufmann ).

In 1888, in Ecce Homo, Nietzsche was back on the attack.

In Ecce Homo Nietzsche refers to the poems in the Appendix of The Gay Science, saying they were

In the television series Andromeda, the Nietzscheans ( Homo sapiens invictus in Latin ) are a race of genetically engineered humans who religiously follow the works of Friedrich Nietzsche, Social Darwinism and Dawkinite genetic competitiveness.

Philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche suggested that egoistic or " life-affirming " behavior stimulates jealousy or " ressentiment " in others, and that this is the psychological motive for the altruism in Christianity.

Such theorists find narrative ( or, following Nietzsche and Foucault, genealogy ) to be a helpful tool for understanding ethics because narrative is always about particular lived experiences in all their complexity rather than the assignment of an idea or norm to separate and individuated actions.

Epicurus was also a significant source of inspiration and interest for both Arthur Schopenhauer, having particular influence on the famous pessimist's views on suffering and death, as well as one of Schopenhauer's successors: Friedrich Nietzsche.

The Ego and Its Own by Max StirnerIn Russia, individualist anarchism inspired by Stirner combined with an appreciation for Friedrich Nietzsche attracted a small following of bohemian artists and intellectuals such as Lev Chernyi, as well as a few lone wolves who found self-expression in crime and violence.

From Nietzsche, they inherited the desire for a complete overturn of all values accepted by bourgeois societypolitical, moral, and cultural.

* Nietzsche redet ( 1989 ) ( text by Friedrich Nietzsche ) for speaker, alto flute, English horn, clarinet, bass clarinet, bassoon, 2 violins, viola, 2 celli, double bass, 2 pianos

It may also be a euphemism for masturbation, as Richard Wagner accused Nietzsche of masturbating too much.

The death of God, in particular the statement that " we killed him ", is similar to the self-dissolution of Christian doctrine: due to the advances of the sciences, which for Nietzsche show that man is the product of evolution, that earth has no special place among the stars and that history is not progressive, the Christian notion of God can no longer serve as a basis for a morality.

It may be questioned, though, whether ‘ active nihilism ’ is indeed the correct term for this stance, and whether Nietzsche takes the problems nihilism poses seriously enough.

Given the importance of Nietzsche ’ s contribution to the topic of nihilism, Heidegger's influential interpretation of Nietzsche is important for the historical development of the term nihilism.

For example, in a letter to the rector of Freiburg University of November 4, 1945, Heidegger, inspired by Jünger, tries to explain the notion of “ God is dead ” as the “ reality of the Will to Power .” Heidegger also praises Jünger for defending Nietzsche against a too biological or anthropological reading during the Third Reich.

They began work on a new and complete edition of Nietzsche's collected works, making Nietzsche more accessible for scholarly research.

Like other contemporary French and Italian philosophers, Vattimo does not want, or only partially wants, to rely on Heidegger for understanding Nietzsche.

Here, too, he developed his affinity for the arts — especially poetry, drama, and music — and came under the influence of the ideas of Goethe and Nietzsche.

* Williamson, George S. The Longing for Myth in Germany: Religion and Aesthetic Culture from Romanticism to Nietzsche ( Chicago, 2004 ).

A taste for paradox is central to the philosophies of Laozi, Heraclitus, Meister Eckhart, Hegel, Kierkegaard, and Nietzsche, among many others.

By the 19th century the philosophers Schopenhauer and Nietzsche could access the Indian scriptures for discussion of the doctrine of reincarnation, which recommended itself to the American Transcendentalists Henry David Thoreau, Walt Whitman and Ralph Waldo Emerson and was adapted by Francis Bowen into Christian Metempsychosis.

Förster-Nietzsche introduced Steiner into the presence of the catatonic philosopher ; Steiner, deeply moved, subsequently wrote the book Friedrich Nietzsche, Fighter for Freedom.

Friedrich Nietzsche wrote that the best antidotes for Platonism were to be found in Thucydides:

Nietzsche advanced the thesis in his " The Genealogy of Morals " that the motive for search of truth in sciences is a kind of ascetic ideal.

Writing extensively on Nietzsche in his later career, and offering a " phenomenological critique of Kant " in his Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics, Heidegger is known for his Post-Kantian philosophy.

Although he later worked less on Aristotle, Heidegger recommended postponing reading Nietzsche, and to " first study Aristotle for ten to fifteen years.

The Gay Science () is a book by Friedrich Nietzsche, first published in 1882 and followed by a second edition, which was published after the completion of Thus Spoke Zarathustra and Beyond Good and Evil, in 1887.

Nietzsche was an ardent exponent of " catchword theory ", which explains the arrangement of the Theognidean verses as pairs of poems, each pair linked by a shared word or catchword that could be placed anywhere in either poem, as for example in these pairs:

Rand also initially planned to introduce each chapter with a quote from philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, whose ideas had influenced her own intellectual development.

Nietzsche claims life always involves a struggle between these two elements, each battling for control over the existence of humanity.

Friedrich Nietzsche referred to his sympathetic readers as Hyperboreans in The Antichrist ( written 1888, published 1895 ): " Let us look each other in the face.

Challenging Friedrich Nietzsche ’ s concept of eternal recurrence ( the idea that the universe and its events have already occurred and will recur ad infinitum ), the story ’ s thematic meditations posit the alternative ; that each person has only one life to live, and that which occurs in life occurs only once and never again — thus the “ lightness ” of being.

Nietzsche later republished all three parts as a two-volume edition in 1886, adding a preface to each volume, and removing the Descartes quote as well as the dedication to Voltaire.

Nietzsche writes, " Even the body within which individuals treat each other as equals ... will have to be an incarnate will to power, it will strive to grow, spread, seize, become predominant — not from any morality or immorality but because it is living and because life simply is will to power.

Jeeves, no longer in Bertie's employ, then gives the true reason why he mailed the parcel: he did not believe Florence and Bertie were suitable for each other, she being of a highly arbitrary temperament, and inclined to make him read Nietzsche.

Strongly influenced by Bergson and Nietzsche, Futurism was part of the general trend of Modernist rationalization of disruption.

Although Part Three was originally planned to be the end of the book, and ends with a strong climax, Nietzsche subsequently decided to write an additional three parts ; ultimately, however, he composed only the fourth part, which is viewed to constitute an intermezzo.

The fourth part remained private after Nietzsche wrote it in 1885 ; a scant forty copies were all that were printed, apart from seven others that were distributed to Nietzsche's close friends.

Aphoristic collections also make up an important part of the work of some modern authors, such as Josemaría Escrivá ( compiled from other spiritual authors ), Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Arthur Schopenhauer, Søren Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Franz Kafka, Karl Kraus, Montaigne, La Rouchefoucauld, Stanislaw Jerzy Lec, Andrzej Majewski, Mikhail Turovsky, Antonio Porchia, Celia Green, Robert A. Heinlein, Blaise Pascal, E. M. Cioran and Oscar Wilde.

Most commentators associate Jaspers with the philosophy of existentialism, in part because he draws largely upon the existentialist roots of Nietzsche and Kierkegaard, and in part because the theme of individual freedom permeates his work.

* Beyond Good and Evil, translated by Walter Kaufmann, New York: Random House, 1966 ; reprinted in Vintage Books, and as part of Basic Writings of Nietzsche, New York: Modern Library, 2000

The most controversial part of The End of Memory is Volf ’ s sustained theological argument, developed in dialogue with Sigmund Freud, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Søren Kierkegaard, that remembering wrongs suffered and committed, if done rightly, will ultimately result in non-remembrance of the wrongdoing.

Reflecting an admiration of Voltaire as a free thinker, but also a break in his friendship with composer Richard Wagner two years earlier, Nietzsche dedicated the original 1878 edition of Human, All Too Human “ to the memory of Voltaire on the celebration of the anniversary of his death, May 30, 1778 .” Instead of a preface, the first part originally included a quotation from Descartes ’ Discourse on the Method.

Like sections six and seven, Nietzsche ’ s aphorisms here are mostly short, but also poetic and at times could be interpreted as semi-autobiographical, in anticipation of the next volumes: “ He who has come only in part to a freedom of reason cannot feel on earth otherwise than as a wanderer.

It was first translated into English in 1909 by writer Helen Zimmern as part of a complete edition of Nietzsche ’ s books in English, but was never translated by Walter Kaufmann when he translated most of Nietzsche ’ s works into English in the 1950s and ‘ 60s.

Consider too that the title itself is part of the polemic Nietzsche makes here against Ernest Renan.

Although Nietzsche had in 1886 announced ( at the end of On the Genealogy of Morals ) a new work with the title, The Will to Power: An Attempt at a Revaluation of All Values, the project under this title was set aside and some of its draft materials used to compose The Twilight of the Idols and The Antichrist ( both written in 1888 ); the latter was for a time represented as the first part of a new four-part magnum opus, which inherited the subtitle Revaluation of All Values from the earlier project as its new title.

* De unge år: Erik Nietzsche sagaen del 1 (" The Early Years: Erik Nietzsche part 1 ", 2007 )