In a story loosely based on Fyodor Dostoevsky's short novel The Gambler, Nick Nolte plays Lionel Dobie, an acclaimed abstract artist who finds himself unable to paint during the days before the scheduled beginning of a major gallery exhibition of his new work.

In the Historikerstreit ( Historians ' Dispute ) of 1986 to 1989, Kershaw followed Broszat in criticizing the work and views of Ernst Nolte, Andreas Hillgruber, Michael Stürmer, Joachim Fest and Klaus Hildebrand, all of whom Kershaw saw as German apologists attempting to white-wash the German past in various ways.

In October 1986, Hans Mommsen wrote that Stürmer's assertion that he who controls the past also controls the future, his work as a co-editor with the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung newspaper which had been publishing articles by Ernst Nolte and Joachim Fest denying the “ singularity ” of the Holocaust, and his work as an advisor to Chancellor Kohl should cause " concern " among historians.

Besides Nolte, Wehler also attacked the work of Michael Stürmer as " a strident declaration of war against a key element of the consensus upon which the socio-political life of this second republic has rested heretofore " During the Historikerstreit, Wehler was one of the few historians who endorsed Jürgen Habermas's method of attacking Andreas Hillgruber by creating a sentence about " tested senior officials in Nazi Party in the East " out of a long sentence in which Hillgruber had said no such thing on the grounds that it was a secondary issue of no real importance.

Nolte restated his axiom-one which perhaps reflects the naiveté of an historian who has devoted his life's work to the power of ideologies-in a blunter, more pointed form than ever before in the fall of 1987: " To view Hitler as a German politician rather the anti-Lenin ", he reproved hundreds of knowledgeable historians, " strikes me as a proof of a regrettable myopia and narrowness ".

In Entsorgung der deutschen Vergangenheit ?, Wehler writing not only of the work of Nolte, but also of the work and intentionist theories about the Holocaust of Klaus Hildebrand, Andreas Hillgruber, Joachim Fest and Michael Stürmer, declared :" This survey is directed-among other matters-against the apologetic effect of the tendency of interpretations that once more blame Hitler alone for the ' Holocaust '- thereby exonerating the older power elites and the Army, the executive bureaucracy, and the judiciary ... and the silent majority who knew ".

In an article entitled " Neither Denial nor Forgetfulness Will Free Us " first published in the Frankfurter Rundschau on December 1, 1986, Mommsen argued that Historikerstreit was a result of the failures of modern society Mommsen argued that in the prosperous 1950s-60s, most Germans were happy to forget about their recent past, and looked forward to a brighter future Starting with the oil shock of the early 1970s and the rise of fundamentalist Islam in the late 1970s, Mommsen argued that the idea of a progressively better future was discredited, leading to a pessimistic public mood, and the a renewed interest in history This had occurred in tandem in a period when German historians had started to make a more critical examination of their recent past As a result at the precise mood when public demanded a past that could make them feel good about being Germans, German historians came under attack for not writing the sort of history the public wanted Mommsen argued that the work of those like Ernst Nolte was intended to provide the sort of history that would allow Germans feel good about being Germans by engaging in “… an explanatory strategy that … will be seen as a justification of National Socialist crimes by all those who are still under the influence of the extreme anti-Soviet propaganda of National Socialism " Mommsen charged that Ernst Nolte was attempting to egregiously whitewash the German past.

In the same essay, Mommsen argued that Stürmer's assertion that he who controls the past also controls the future, his work as a co-editor with the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung newspaper which had been publishing articles by Ernst Nolte and Joachim Fest denying the “ singularity ” of the Holcaust, and his work as an advisor to Chancellor Kohl should cause " concern " with historians.

Broszat suggested that this was Hildebrand's way of trying to separate himself from Nolte, whose work Hildebrand had praised so strongly in a review the Historische Zeitschrift in April 1986.

Drawing upon the work of Max Weber, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Karl Marx, Nolte argued that the progress of both types of " transcendence " generates fear as the older world is swept aside by a new world, and that these fears led to fascism.

All of Nolte ’ s historical work has been heavily influenced by German traditions of philosophy.

As such, Nolte ’ s work has been oriented towards the general as opposed to the specific attributes of a particular period of time.

The views of Ernst Nolte and Jürgen Habermas were at the center of the debate, conducted almost exclusively through articles and letters to the editor in the newspapers Die Zeit and the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung.

Mommsen wrote that Joachim Fest was trying to advance the agenda of the German right through his attacks on Habermas for his criticism of Nolte.

The fact that Nolte has found eloquent supporters both inside and outside the historical profession has little to do with the normal process of research and much to do with the political implications of the relativization of the Holocaust that he has insistently championed for so long ... The fundamentally apologetic character of Nolte's argument shines through most clearly when he concedes Hitler's right to deport, though not to exterminate, the Jews in response to the supposed " declaration of war " issued by the World Jewish Congress ; or when he claims that the activities of the SS Einsatzgruppen can be justified, at least subjectively, as operations aimed against partisans fighting the German Army ".

Friedländer noted that through the concept of " historicization " was highly awkward one because it opened the door to the type of arguments that Nolte and Hillgruber advanced during the Historikerstreit, Broszat's motives in calling for the " historicization " were honourable.

Instead Nolte indulges in a potted history of Cold War events as they engulfed Asia and the Middle East as well as Europe, up through the Sino-Soviet dispute, the Vietnam War and SALT.

Nolte responded that he has " been taking it for four years and I've never been raped.

Clean is a 2004 film directed by French director Olivier Assayas, starring Nick Nolte and Maggie Cheung.

Among other films, she participated in All the Fine Promises ( 2003 ) directed by Jean-Paul Civeyrac with Bulle Ogier and Valérie Crunchant, Saltimbank ( 2003 ) directed by Jean-Claude Biette with Jean-Marc Barr, Clean ( 2004 ) directed by Olivier Assayas with Maggie Cheung and Nick Nolte.

Later that same day, San Francisco cop Jack Cates ( Nick Nolte ) joins two of his friends and co-workers — Detective Algren ( Jonathan Banks ) and Detective VanZant ( James Keane ) -- at the Walden Hotel to check out a man named G. P.

Nolte is an anti-Semite of the first order, who attempts to rehabilitate Hitler by saying that he was no worse than Stalin ; but he is careful not to deny the Holocaust.

In her thirties, Weld performed in Looking for Mr. Goodbar ( 1977 ), for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress ; Who'll Stop the Rain ( 1978 ) opposite Nick Nolte ; and Michael Mann's acclaimed 1981 film Thief, opposite James Caan.

Nolte claims the Nazi mass murder was modeled on and instigated by the excesses of the Russian Revolution, the Stalinist regime and the Gulag ; that it countered this " Asiatic " danger by imitating and surpassing it.

Hildebrand is pleased that Nolte denies the singularity of the Nazi atrocities ” Hans Mommsen defended Habermas against Hildebrand by writing :“ Hildebrand ’ s partisan shots can be easily deflected ; that Habermas is accused of a “ loss of reality and Manichaeanism ”, and that his honesty is denied is witness to the self-consciousness of a self-nominated historian elite, which has set itself the task of tracing the outlines of the seeming badly needed image of history ” Writing of Hildebrand's support for Nolte, Mommsen declared that: “ Hildebrand ’ s polemic clearly suggests that he barely considered the consequences of making Nolte ’ s constructs the centrepiece of a modern German conservatism that is very anxious to relativize the National Socialist experience and to find the way back to a putative historically “ normal situation ” In another essay, Mommsen wrote that Hildebrand was gulity of hypocrisy because Hildebrand had until 1986 always claimed that generic fascism was invalid concept because of the " singularity " of the Holocaust Mommsen wrote that " Klaus Hildebrand explicitly took sides with Nolte's view when he gave his previously stubbornly claimed singularity of National Socialism ( failing to appreciate that was, as is well known, the standard criticism of the comparative fascism theory )" Martin Broszat observed that when Hildebrand organized a conference of right-wing German historians under the auspices of the Schleyer Foundation in West Berlin in September 1986, he did not invite Nolte, whom Broszat observed lived in Berlin.

Nolte first rose to fame with his 1963 book Der Faschismus in seiner Epoche ( Fascism In Its Epoch ; translated into English in 1965 as The Three Faces Of Fascism ), in which he argued that fascism arose as a form of resistance to and a reaction against modernity.

This version was produced by both Nolte and Yasuaki Nagoshi.

Hillgruber had not supported Nolte, but the controversy over Zweierlei Untergang became linked with Nolte's views when Habermas and Wehler characterized both men as conservatives trying to minimize Nazi crimes.

" " The program never veers from being both compassionate and professional ," wrote editor John Nolte.

In both film versions of MacDonald's novel, Cady is a criminal with an obsessive grudge against an attorney named Sam Bowden ( played by Gregory Peck in the first film and by Nick Nolte in the remake ) who sent him to prison for rape.

Later in the 1970s, Nolte was to reject aspects of the theory of generic fascism that he had championed in The Three Faces of Fascism and instead moved closer to embracing totalitarian theory as a way of explaining both Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.

Nick Nolte and Rex Harrison would both turn it down.

Nolte sang with the group at several of their early performances, but by the Spring of 1979 The Last were becoming more active and he left the Descendents.

When Kazan received an Honorary Academy Award in 1999, the audience was noticeably divided in their reaction, with some including Nick Nolte, Ed Harris, Ian McKellen and Amy Madigan refusing to applaud, and many others, such as actors Kathy Bates, Meryl Streep and Warren Beatty and producer George Stevens, Jr. standing and applauding.

Nolte had perhaps his greatest box office success in 1991, starring in The Prince of Tides with Barbra Streisand, for which he received his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor.

In 2011, Nolte portrayed recovering alcoholic Paddy Conlon, dealing with his two estranged sons competing in an MMA tournament in the film Warrior, for which he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor.

Written for and starring Julia Roberts and Nick Nolte, the film was not well received by critics but grossed over $ 30 million in box-office receipts in the United States.

Nick Nolte received a salary of $ 3, 000, 000, an improvement over his original salary of $ 1, 000, 000 for the first film.

After 1945 when Nolte received his BA in philosophy at Freiburg, he worked as a Gymnasium ( high school ) teacher.

* Nolte, Ernst The Three Faces of Fascism: Action Française, Italian Fascism, National Socialism, translated from the German by Leila Vennewitz, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1965.

Nearby are the Leibniz House, the Nolte House, and the Beguine Tower.

She also starred in Rich Man Poor Man with Nick Nolte and a host of other well-received television mini-series.

His students at Freiburg included Charles Malik, Herbert Marcuse, and Ernst Nolte.

In 1982, veteran actor Nick Nolte and rising comedian Eddie Murphy smashed box office records with the action-comedy 48 Hrs, which is credited as the first " buddy-cop " movie.

In Paris, Anthony is reunited with his friend, prominent banker Vincent Nolte, whom he saves from bankruptcy by giving him his fortune.

Property Appraiser-David C. Nolte

Nicholas King " Nick " Nolte ( born February 8, 1941 ) is an American actor.

Nolte was born Nicholas King Nolte in Omaha, Nebraska on February 8, 1941.

His mother, Helen ( née King ), was a department store buyer, and his father, Franklin Arthur Nolte, was a farmer's son who worked in irrigation pump sales, and who was an All-American football player at Iowa State University in 1934.

Nolte went to Westside High School in Omaha, where he was the kicker on the football team.

Nolte originally attended Benson High, but got kicked out for a fight and hiding beer before practice and then getting caught drinking it during a practice session.

At Eastern Arizona, Nolte lettered in football as a tight end and defensive end, in basketball as a forward, and as a catcher on the baseball team.

While in college, Nolte worked for the Falstaff Brewery in Omaha.

After stints at the Pasadena Playhouse and The Stella Adler Academy in Los Angeles, Nolte spent several years traveling the country and working in regional theaters, among them the Old Log Theater in Minnesota, where he worked for three years.

Nolte was a model in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

Nolte as Tom Jordache in Rich Man, Poor Man.

Nolte first gained national attention and critical acclaim for his performance in Rich Man, Poor Man, a 1976 television miniseries based on Irwin Shaw's 1970 best-selling novel.

That same year, Nolte starred in Terrence Malick's highly anticipated war epic The Thin Red Line as Colonel Tall.