Non-linear loads, such as rectifiers, distort the current drawn from the system.

Non-linear least squares problems arise for instance in non-linear regression, where parameters in a model are sought such that the model is in good agreement with available observations.

Non-linear elements such as diodes may be added to enhance the production of harmonic frequencies.

Non-linear systems must use more complex stability criteria, such as Lyapunov

Non-linear editing systems such as iMovie and Openshot for Linux include an effect or transition called Ken Burns Effect, with which a still image may be incorporated into a film using this kind of slow pan and zoom.

Non-linear PCM encodings ( A-law / mu-law, ADPCM, NICAM ) attempt to improve their effective dynamic ranges by a variety of methods-logarithmic step sizes between the output signal strengths represented by each data bit ( trading greater quantisation distortion of loud signals for better performance of quiet signals )

Non-linear self-regenerative heterodyning systems can be approximated.

Two standards were developed: Non-linear NIR, in which a process analogous to gamma correction is used, and Linear NIR or SECAM IV that omits this process.

Non-linear loads change the shape of the current waveform from a sine wave to some other form.

Non-linear loads create harmonic currents in addition to the original ( fundamental frequency ) AC current.

** English translation: Non-linear Wave Mechanics: A Causal Interpretation.

Non-linear editing is the most natural approach when all assets are available as files on video servers or hard disks rather than recordings on reels or tapes, while linear editing is related to the need to sequentially view a film or read a tape to edit it.

Non-linear editing enables direct access to any video frame in a digital video clip, without needing to play or scrub / shuttle through adjacent footage to reach it, as was necessary with historical video tape linear editing systems.

Non-linear editing with computers as we know it today was first introduced by Editing Machines Corp. in 1989 with the EMC2 editor, a hard disk-based non-linear off-line editing system, using half-screen-resolution video at 15 frames per second.

* Linear vs. Non-linear editing

Non-linear viscoelasticity of hagfish slime.

* Steven Strogatz, " Non-linear Dynamics and Chaos: With applications to Physics, Biology, Chemistry and Engineering ", Perseus Books, 2000.

Non-linear multi-variate functions may be minimized over their parameters using variants of Newton's method called quasi-Newton methods.

A Non-linear editing system ( NLE ) product would be added later, with the invention of the Video Toaster Flyer, though the product never really worked to professional standards because it could not consistently play video without jitters.

Non-linear materials include rubber and soils, except under very small strains.

Non-linear editing is not inherent to every hard-disk recording system, however.

Non-linear methods can be broadly classified into two groups: those that provide a mapping ( either from the high dimensional space to the low dimensional embedding or vice versa ), and those that just give a visualisation.

* Hartley, R. V. L., " Oscillations with Non-linear Reactances ".

Non-linear dependence of the level of a series on previous data points is of interest, partly because of the possibility of producing a chaotic time series.

* Non-linear storytelling -- The film begins with a provocative situation and then goes back in time to show how the situation came to occur.

Non-linear objectives and constraints could also be incorporated if needed.

* Curve fitting like Non-linear least squares analysis and other generalizations, used in fitting model parameters to experimental data in chemistry, physics, medicine, astronomy, engineering.

Sociobiologists argued that behaviours that benefited a whole group of animals might emerge as a result of selection pressures acting solely on the individual.

In the research provided by Underwood ( 2004 ) in their laboratory observation studies where they watch girls and boys in an identical social context in which best friends respond to a provoking newcomer, gender differences emerge not for the verbal behaviours, but for the nonverbal expressions of disdain and contempt ( which are so glaring that they were observed with high degrees of inter-coder reliability by both women and men, kappa ’ s exceeding. 8 ; Underwood et al., 2003 ).

In the Command & Conquer real-time strategy games, both the gameplay and storyline revolve heavily around the introduction to Earth of an extraterrestrial mutagen called Tiberium via meteor, which displays strikingly lifelike behaviours such as self-replication, evolution, and homeostasis, without undergoing anything like common carbon-based metabolic cycles, and which appears to be colonising the Earth, converting it into an environment unsuited to carbon-based biology.

Other early ethologists, such as Oskar Heinroth and Julian Huxley, instead concentrated on behaviours that can be called instinctive, or natural, in that they occur in all members of a species under specified circumstances.

This framework forms a panarchy and exhibits non-linear behaviours ; this means that " effect and cause are disproportionate, so that small changes in critical variables, such as the numbers of nitrogen fixers, can lead to disproportionate, perhaps irreversible, changes in the system properties.

A genetic basis for instinctive behavioural traits among non-human species, such as in the above example, is commonly accepted among many biologists ; however, attempting to use a genetic basis to explain complex behaviours in human societies has remained extremely controversial.

Over time, individuals who exhibited such protective behaviours would have had more surviving offspring than did those who did not display such behaviours, such that this parental protection would increase in frequency in the population.

Although there is variability, early stuttering behaviours usually consist of word or syllable repetitions, and secondary behaviours such as tension, avoidance or escape behaviours are absent.

With time secondary stuttering including escape behaviours such as eye blinking, lip movements, etc.

The courtship ritual can involve several other behaviours such as juddering and a cheliceral kiss, in which the male's chelicerae – pincers – grasp the female's in a smaller more intimate version of the male's grasping the female's pedipalps and in some cases injecting a small amount of his venom into her pedipalp or on the edge of her cephalothorax, probably as a means of pacifying the female.

Wildebeest have developed additional sophisticated cooperative behaviours, such as animals taking turns sleeping while others stand guard against a night attack by invading predators.

Emergent processes or behaviours can be seen in many places, such as traffic patterns, cities, political systems of governance, cabal and market-dominant minority phenomena in politics and economics, organizational phenomena in computer simulations and cellular automata.

A biological determinist would posit that such behaviours, and personality traits in general, are mediated primarily by biological factors, such as genetic makeup.

The different possible notions of convergence relate to how such a behaviour can be characterised: two readily understood behaviours are that the sequence eventually takes a constant value, and that values in the sequence continue to change but can be described by an unchanging probability distribution.

These dances are composed of synchronised performances of various actions such as preening, pointing, calling, bill clacking, staring, and combinations of such behaviours ( like the sky-call ).

These applications are able to detect software-based keyloggers based on patterns in executable code, heuristics and keylogger behaviours ( such as the use of hooks and certain APIs ).

The hormonal neuropeptides vasopressin and oxytocin play a key role in complex social behaviours in many mammals such as regulating attachment, social recognition, and aggression.

The species also displays behaviours uncharacteristic of foxes, such as living in packs while most other fox species are solitary.