PEN originally stood for " Poets, Essayists and Novelists ", but now includes writers of any form of literature, such as journalists and historians.

In the Dictionary of Literary Biography: British Novelists since 1960, S. J. Newman described her as " one of the oddest, most brilliant, and most enduring of 1960s symptoms.

Wells, as president of the International PEN ( Poets, Essayists, Novelists ), had already angered the Nazis by overseeing the expulsion of the German PEN club from the international body in 1934 following the German PEN's refusal to admit non-Aryan writers to its membership.

Engaging with Shakespeare: Responses of George Eliot and Other Women Novelists.

Novelists who are commonly counted to postmodern literature include Vladimir Nabokov, William Gaddis, John Hawkes, William Burroughs, Giannina Braschi, Kurt Vonnegut, John Barth, Donald Barthelme, E. L. Doctorow, Jerzy Kosinski, Don DeLillo, Thomas Pynchon, Ishmael Reed, Kathy Acker, Ana Lydia Vega, and Paul Auster.

French Poets and Novelists.

Notes on Novelists.

Whitewashing Uncle Tom's Cabin: Nineteenth-Century Women Novelists Respond to Stowe, Vanderbilt University Press, 2005.

* Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 9: American Novelists, 1910-1945.

Novelists, artists, and moviemakers may attach special moral or aesthetic significance to their " apartness " or misshapenness.

Mansfield wrote over 100 reviews for the magazine, and they were published as a collection, posthumously, in Novels and Novelists by Murry.

His efforts resulted in publication of two additional volumes of short stories in 1923 ( The Dove's Nest ), in 1924 ( Something Childish ), her Poems, The Aloe, a collection of critical writings ( Novels and Novelists ) and a number of editions of her letters and journals.

" Novelists, others want copyright protection extended ", The Japan Times Online.

Novelists Patricia Grace, Albert Wendt, Maurice Gee and children ’ s author Margaret Mahy, are prominent in New Zealand.

* Asian American Novelists: A Bio-Bibliographical Critical Sourcebook by Emmanuel S. Nelson ( Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2000 )

He was also an awarded gothic historical romance novelist who wrote under the female pseudonym Madeleine Brent, in 1978, her novel Merlin's Keep won the Romantic Novel of the Year Award by the Romantic Novelists ' Association.

* Howard, Susan K. " Amelia Opie ", British Romantic Novelists, 1789 – 1832.

Contemporary French Novelists.

French Novelists of To-day.

Novelists closely associated with the genre include Eric Ambler, Ted Bell, Dan Brown, Lincoln Child, Tom Clancy, Clive Cussler, Michael Crichton, Nelson DeMille, Ian Fleming, Ken Follett, Frederick Forsyth, Graham Greene, John Grisham, Robert Ludlum, Alistair MacLean, Andy McNab, David Morrell, James Phelan, Douglas Preston, and Matthew Reilly.

Novelists James Dickey ( B. A.

* The Romantic Novelists ' Association UK professional organization for writers of romance.

*' Margaret Forster ', in Contemporary British Novelists, ed.

Some of the critical essays contributed to the literary journals were afterwards collected in his Essays in English Literature, 1780-1860 ( 2 vols., 1890 – 1895 ), Essays on French Novelists ( 1891 ), Miscellaneous Essays ( 1892 ), Corrected Impressions ( 1895 ).

Novelists Mordecai Richler and Michel Tremblay and poets Irving Layton, A. M. Klein and Leonard Cohen were all influenced by this area.

It has also been written upon in the academic study of Coupland ’ s work, " Contemporary American and Canadian Novelists: Douglas Coupland " by Andrew Tate from Manchester University.

Furthermore, the Generation of ' 27, as clearly reflected in the literary press of the period, was not exclusively restricted to poets, including artists such as Luis Buñuel, the caricaturist K-Hito, the surrealist painters Salvador Dalí and Óscar Domínguez, the painter and sculptor Maruja Mallo, as well as Benjamín Palencia, Gregorio Prieto, Manuel Ángeles Ortiz and Gabriel García Maroto, the toreros Ignacio Sánchez Mejías, Rodolfo Halffter and Jesús Bal y Gay, musicologists and composers belonging to the Group of Eight, including Bal and Gay, Ernesto Halffter and his brother Rodolfo, Juan José Mantecón, Julián Bautista, Fernando Remacha, Rosa García Ascot, Salvador Bacarisse and Gustavo Pittaluga.

Those who opposed the war, such as Vladimir Lenin and Rosa Luxemburg, saw themselves as further to the left.

Many notable leftists have been strong supporters of gender equality, such as: the Marxists Rosa Luxemburg, Clara Zetkin and Alexandra Kollontai, the anarchist Emma Goldman, and the socialists Helen Keller and Annie Besant.

Though opera patronage has decreased in the last century in favor of other arts and media ( such as musicals, cinema, radio, television and recordings ), mass media and the advent of recording have supported the popularity of many famous singers including Maria Callas, Enrico Caruso, Kirsten Flagstad, Mario Del Monaco, Risë Stevens, Alfredo Kraus, Franco Corelli, Montserrat Caballé, Joan Sutherland, Birgit Nilsson, Nellie Melba, Rosa Ponselle, Beniamino Gigli, Jussi Björling, Feodor Chaliapin, and " The Three Tenors " ( Luciano Pavarotti, Plácido Domingo, and José Carreras ).

Institutionalized racial segregation was ended as an official practice by the efforts of such civil rights activists as Clarence M. Mitchell, Jr., Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr., working during the period from the end of World War II through the passage of the Voting Rights Act and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 supported by President Lyndon B. Johnson.

Many of their efforts were acts of non-violent civil disobedience aimed at disrupting the enforcement of racial segregation rules and laws, such as refusing to give up a seat in the black part of the bus to a white person ( Rosa Parks ), or holding sit-ins at all-white diners.

Some species such as Rosa rugosa and Rosa pimpinellifolia have densely packed straight prickles, probably an adaptation to reduce browsing by animals, but also possibly an adaptation to trap wind-blown sand and so reduce erosion and protect their roots ( both of these species grow naturally on coastal sand dunes ).

A few, mostly species roses are grown for attractive or scented foliage ( such as Rosa glauca and Rosa rubiginosa ), ornamental thorns ( such as Rosa sericea ) or for their showy fruit ( such as Rosa moyesii ).

Among these are those grown for prominent hips, such as the flagon shaped hips of Rosa moyesii.

Sometimes even the thorns can be treated as an attraction or curiosity, such as with Rosa sericea.

Since then, there have been many great names in samba, such as Ismael Silva, Cartola, Ary Barroso, Noel Rosa, Ataulfo Alves, Wilson Batista, Geraldo Pereira, Zé Kéti, Candeia, Ciro Monteiro, Nelson Cavaquinho, Elton Medeiros, Paulinho da Viola, Martinho da Vila, and many others.

Formed by some composers in the neighborhood of Estácio, including Alcebíades Barcellos ( aka Bide ) Armando Marçal, Ismael Silva, Nilton Bastos and the more " malandros " such as Baiaco, Brancura, Mano Edgar, Mano Rubem, the " Turma do Estácio " marked the history of the Brazilian samba by injecting more pace to the genre one performed, which has the endorsement of the youth's middle class, as the ex-student of law Ary Barroso and former student of medicine Noel Rosa.

Dr. Leo Ruickbie also notes that the traditional and artistic representation of witches cannot be overlooked as a source for nudity in Gardner's system, citing artists such as Albrecht Dürer and Salvator Rosa.

A tartan which looks like Mac Duck Final version is shown on some Don Rosa stories, such as The Old Castle's Other Secret or A Letter From Home.

Double-decked or double-decker bridges have two levels, such as the San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge, with two road levels.

There are other 4NT conventions, such as Norman four notrump, San Francisco and Byzantine Blackwood, but almost all bridge partnerships employ some member of the Blackwood family as part of their slam-investigation methods.

During the 1970s, he made guest-appearances on TV series such as Ironside, Insight, Barbary Coast, The Love Boat, Medical Center, four episodes of Love, American Style, Fantasy Island, and two episodes each of The Streets of San Francisco, and Rod Serling's Night Gallery.

The United States imposed grid plans in new territories and towns, as the American West was rapidly established, in places such as Salt Lake City and San Francisco.

Some cities such as Seattle and San Francisco require food and yard waste to be sorted for composting.

This is particularly so in Sydney and Melbourne, where headways on many lines in the core of the network reach 3 – 5 minutes in peaks and 10 – 20 minutes off peak ( about 18 hours a day ) and enter an underground loop for passenger distribution in the city centre ; and where ridership per capita exceeds the sum of metro and commuter rail in comparable North American urban areas such as Toronto, Boston or the San Francisco Bay Area.

In 1881 the Dunedin cable tramway system opened in Dunedin, New Zealand and became the first such system outside San Francisco.

Eventually, San Francisco became the only street-running manually operated system to survive — Dunedin, the second city with such cars, was also the second-last city to operate them, closing down in 1957.

Towards the end of the Middle Ages, many philosophers, such as Nicholas of Cusa and Francisco Suarez, propounded similar theories.

In modern popular culture, the portrayal of earthquakes is shaped by the memory of great cities laid waste, such as Kobe in 1995 or San Francisco in 1906.

These wines continue to be associated with the homeless, mainly because marketers have been aggressive in targeting low-income communities as ideal consumers of these beverages ; organizations in cities such as Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, and Portland have urged makers of inexpensive fortified wine, including E & J Gallo Winery, to stop providing such products to liquor stores in impoverished areas.

It was initially popularized circa 1984 in discothèques catering to gay and mixed, primarily African-American and Latino audiences in Chicago, but beginning in 1985, fanned out to other major cities such as Detroit, Toronto, New York City, Boston, Montreal, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Manchester, Miami, London, and Paris.

In November 2006, Reilly's attorney presented to U. S. District Judge Susan Illston a letter from Hearst senior vice president James Asher to MediaNews President Jody Lodovic that said the two companies agreed to " offer national advertising and internet advertising sales for their San Francisco Bay area newspapers on a joint basis, and to consolidate the San Francisco Bay Area distribution networks of such newspapers ..." Illston, suggesting she had been misled by the companies when they said they had not been collaborating, issued a 14-page ruling forbidding Hearst and MediaNews from working together on national advertising sales or distribution.

Since the surrender after World War II and the Treaty of San Francisco, Japanese diplomatic policy has been based on close partnership with the United States and the emphasis on the international cooperation such as the United Nations.

Private karaoke rooms, similar to Asia's karaoke boxes, are commonplace in communities such as Toronto, Los Angeles and San Francisco.

Chinese emigrants to cities such as San Francisco, London, and New York brought with them the Chinese manner of opium smoking and the social traditions of the opium den.

Identifying punk with such topics aligns with the view expressed by V. Vale, founder of San Francisco fanzine Search and Destroy: " Punk was a total cultural revolt.

The newly established Sonic Team USA was so influenced by their new San Francisco location, that the level designers of the game, Takashi Iizuka and Eitaro Toyoda, designed some of the levels, such as the City Escape, Mission Street, Radical Highway, Route 101, and Route 280 levels as references to major San Francisco locations.

Arriving in San Francisco after having been released from questioning by immigration officials on Angel Island on 11 August 1918, Prokofiev was soon compared to other famous Russian exiles ( such as Sergei Rachmaninoff ), and he started out successfully with a solo concert in New York, leading to several further engagements.

Despite objections from shareholders such as Joan Whitney Payson, majority owner Horace Stoneham entered into negotiations with San Francisco officials at around the same time that the Dodgers ' owner Walter O ' Malley was courting the city of Los Angeles.

In some cities such as Miami and San Francisco, the main city is much smaller than the surrounding suburban areas, leaving the city proper with a small portion of the metro area's population and land area.

Promotion for the Super Bowl also contributed to that feeling with many photographs of the Vince Lombardi trophy near San Francisco landmarks such as the Golden Gate Bridge.