Numismatists have examples of coins from the earliest large-scale societies, although these were initially unmarked lumps of precious metal.

Numismatists have collections of these monetary tokens, which include coins from some Ancient World large-scale societies, although initial usage involved unmarked lumps of precious metal.

Numismatists and coin dealers were still allowed to possess and deal in gold coins ; all others required a special license.

Noe was also a statutory agent for the Professional Numismatists Guild, a nonprofit organization of top numismatists whose members follow a strict code of ethics, for more than 25 years.

Numismatists think that the aureus was used to pay bonuses to the legions at the accession of new emperors.

In contrast, the Deutscher Spiele Preis (" German game prize ") is often awarded to games that are more complex and strategic, such as Puerto Rico.

Game shows often reward players with prizes such as cash, trips and goods and services provided by the show's sponsor prize suppliers, who in turn usually do so for the purposes of product placement.

In the 1990s major, prize winning, Scottish novels, often overtly political, that emerged from this movement included Irvine Welsh's Trainspotting ( 1993 ), Warner's Morvern Callar ( 1995 ), Gray ’ s Poor Things ( 1992 ) and Kelman ’ s How Late It Was, How Late ( 1994 ).

However, the transition from Modernism to Postmodernism is often said to have happened at 3: 32pm on the 15th of July in 1972, when Pruitt Igoe ; a housing development for low-income people in St. Louis, which had been a prize winning version of le Corbusier's ' machine for modern living ' was deemed uninhabitable and was torn down ( Irving 1993, 480 ).

In the business world, a person may volunteer personal details ( often for advertising purposes ) in order to gamble on winning a prize.

Prior to that, party bosses often used the Vice Presidential nomination as a consolation prize for the party's minority faction.

) The contestant who does this correctly and in the fastest time goes on to sit in the chair ( the " hot seat ") and play for the maximum possible prize ( often a million units of the local currency ).

Typically, participants are filmed competing to win a prize, often while living together in a confined environment.

Some shows use the same format with celebrities: in this case, there is no expectation that the winner will continue this line of work, and prize winnings often go to charity.

In other homes, the children hide the afikoman and a parent must look for it ; when they give up, the children demand a prize ( often money ) for revealing its location.

On occasion, the second prize was substituted for a gift certificate in that amount to an upscale store ; these were often used as bonus prizes during special weeks or tournaments.

The yakuza ( organized crime ) were formerly often involved in prize exchange, but a great deal of police effort beginning in the 1960s and ramping up in the 1990s has largely done way with their influence.

It is often popularly associated with the Nobel prizes, being awarded in the Riksdag of Sweden the day before the Nobel prizes and the economics prize are also awarded in Stockholm, and being understood as a critique of the traditional Nobel prizes.

It is often observed that bands whose albums are nominated, or win the prize, experience a large increase in album sales, particularly for lesser known nominees.

During the eighteenth century rowing competitions for watermen became established on the Thames, and the prize was often a new wherry.

It has often been described as the " mathematician's Nobel prize "< ref >

This is often pooled to provide prize money.

* cash: if money was charged for entry into the quiz, this is often pooled to form prize money.

Although mounting an animal has long been considered an art form, often involving months of work, not all modern taxidermists trap or hunt for prize specimens.

However, this often led the show to an anti-climax, as having won the cash prize with one or more questions unrevealed, the game had to continue to see whether the bonus prize had also been won.

Despite the magazine's frequent statements to the contrary, the designation is often regarded as an honor, and spoken of as an award or prize, simply based on many previous selections of admirable people.

The prize is rising in prestige as it covers fields not often awarded by the Nobel Prizes.

This particular style of doll was awarded as a carnival prize and often collected.

That jackpot was not won ; the lower-tier prizes doubled ( instead of rolling down the entire prize pool, which lotteries often do when a jackpot game is retired.

In baseball statistics, on-base percentage ( OBP ; sometimes referred to as on-base average / OBA, as the statistic is rarely presented as a true percentage ) is a measure of how often a batter reaches base for any reason other than a fielding error, fielder's choice, dropped / uncaught third strike, fielder's obstruction, or catcher's interference ( the latter two are ignored as either times-on-base ( TOB ) or plate appearances in calculating OBP ).

( Commonly called a rim shot and often used to trigger a similar effect, playing the rim of the trigger pad is a significantly different and far simpler technique, as it is not necessary or even desired to strike the body of the pad.

Although the term " fighter " specifies aircraft designed to shoot down other aircraft, such designs are often also useful as multirole fighter-bombers, strike fighters, and sometimes lighter, fighter-sized tactical ground-attack aircraft.

This usually happens when the head rotates sharply, often caused by a strike.

This principle is sometimes used to strike down municipal by-laws that forbid " explicit " or " objectionable " contents from being sold in a certain city ; courts often find such expressions to be too vague, giving municipal inspectors discretion beyond what the law allows.

* minutes of meetings, often known as Hansard, including an ability for the legislature to strike discussion from these minutes.

Pinches normally strike the side wall towards the front part of the court, often within a few inches from the front wall.

Companies object to being blamed for shark attacks, pointing out that lightning tends to strike humans more often than sharks bite humans.

Decision-makers often feel pressured to expand their arsenals when they perceive them to be vulnerable to an adversary ’ s first strike, especially when both sides seek to achieve the advantage.

Such penalties often strike down not only the violator, but also all the people of the civilization their interference affected.

A headhunting raid would often strike at workers in the fields, or employ the ruse of setting a dwelling alight and then decapitating the inhabitants as they fled the burning structure.

Historically, umpires often call pitches according to a contemporary understanding of the strike zone rather than the official rulebook definition.

Thus, the strike zone was often enforced such that pitches above the waist were balls, and pitches a few inches outside of home plate were called strikes.

* Cover ( 冚 kam2 ) – This is often a circular movement that brings the attacker's pole down and sets him up for a follow-up strike.

The villages, which are always walled by groves of bamboo and betelnut palms, have often a very striking appearance ; and Backergunje has many beauties of detail which strike a traveller in passing through the country.

Staccato lightning is a cloud-to-ground lightning ( CG ) strike which is a short-duration stroke that ( often but not always ) appears as a single very bright flash and often has considerable branching.

The bolt can strike anywhere within several miles of the anvil of the thunderstorm, often in areas experiencing clear or only slightly cloudy skies ; they are also known as " bolts from the blue " for this reason.

While Blake intends to use Liberator to strike against the Federation, the others are often reluctant followers – especially Avon.

The International Committee of the Red Cross ( ICRC ) Commentary to the conventions states that parties to a conflict often would resort to " intimidatory measures to terrorize the population " in hopes of preventing hostile acts, but such practices " strike at guilty and innocent alike.

The over-ambitious Thomas started to make advances toward Elizabeth, sneaking into " the Lady Elizabeth's chamber before she was ready, and sometimes before she did rise ; and if she were up he would bid her good morrow and ask how she did, and strike her upon the back or on the buttocks familiarly ..." Thomas, while doing this, was often only partly dressed.

name " General Strike " is often used to designate the strike of all branches in one trade ; for instance the general strike of the miners ; when helpers and hoisting engineers, etc.

" Their first strike occurred because they " saw with indignation their friends, who had often served the state bravely in the legions, thrown into chains and reduced to slavery at the demand of patrician creditors.

Bell-towers were often used to alert the city of the time of day, and just before the strike of the hour bell a few higher tones were struck to gain the attention of the city-folk.