However, it is more fuel-efficient for a craft to burn its fuel as close to the ground as possible ; see Oberth effect and reference.

The Oberth effect, in which a rocket engine when traveling at high speed generates more useful energy than one at traveling at low speed, is named after him.

* The Oberth effect: doing burns deep in gravity fields to gain speed

* Oberth effect

Another effect is the Oberth effect-this can be used to greatly decrease the delta-v needed, as using propellant at low potential energy / high speed multiplies the effect of a burn.

Because the slingshot effect and Oberth effect depend on the position and motion of bodies, the delta-v budget changes with launch time.

In astronautics, the Oberth effect is where the use of a rocket engine when travelling at high speed generates much more useful energy than one at low speed.

It is named after Hermann Oberth, the Austro-Hungarian-born, German physicist and a founder of modern rocketry, who apparently first described the effect.

Oberth effect is used in a powered flyby or Oberth maneuver where the application of an impulse, typically from the use of a rocket engine, close to a gravitational body ( where the gravity potential is low, and the speed is high ) can give much more change in kinetic energy and final speed ( i. e. higher specific energy ) than the same impulse applied further from the body for the same initial orbit.

For the Oberth effect to be most effective, the vehicle must be able to generate as much impulse as possible at the lowest possible altitude ; thus the Oberth effect is often far less useful for low-thrust reaction engines such as ion drives, which have a low propellant flow rate.

Oberth effect also can be used to understand the behaviour of multi-stage rockets ; the upper stage can generate much more usable kinetic energy than might be expected from simply considering the chemical energy of the propellants it carries.

* Oberth effect

The technique to do this uses the Oberth effect, where releasing the payload when the tether is moving with higher linear speed, lower in a gravitational potential gives more specific energy, and ultimately more speed than the energy lost picking up the payload at a higher gravitational potential, even if the rotation rate is the same.

" Oberth criticized the German system of education, saying " Our educational system is like an automobile which has strong rear lights, brightly illuminating the past.

In this episode, Elric has heard of a great scientist, named " Oberth ", with curious theories ( The English dub explicitly states his name and research into rocketry ).

After a disputed flight demonstration of the Seliger Forschungs-und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH militarily usable rockets before military representatives from non-NATO states at Cuxhaven on December 5, 1963, a break between the Seliger Forschungs-und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH and the Hermann Oberth society occurred.

The 1973 petroleum crisis inspired Oberth to look into alternative energy sources, including a plan for a wind power station that could utilize the jet stream.

The primary cause for the VfR's gaining world wide appeal was due to the writings of mathematician Hermann Oberth who detailed, in a 1923 publication entitled The Rocket into Interplanetary Space, the mechanics of placing a satellite into Earth orbit.

The principal names involved were its leader Rudolf Nebel and other staff members Hermann Oberth and Wernher von Braun.

After the termination of rocket launches in the Cuxhaven area the Hermann Oberth society put its emphasis on the education of future space technology engineers.

This paper was highly influential on Hermann Oberth and Wernher Von Braun, later key players in spaceflight.

His concepts were first taken seriously only by the amateur rocketry movement in Germany, the Verein für Raumschiffahrt ( VfR-" Spaceflight Society "), centered on Hermann Oberth and his co-workers.

" Hermann Oberth was finally awarded his doctorate in physics with the same rocketry paper that he had written before, by the University, Cluj, Romania, under professor Augustin Maior, on May 23, 1923.

In parts of 1928 and 1929, Oberth also worked in Berlin, Germany as a scientific consultant on the first film ever to have scenes set in outer space, Frau im Mond (" The Woman in the Moon "), which was directed and produced by the great film pioneer Fritz Lang at the Universum Film AG company.

Oberth himself moved on first to the Technische Hochschule in Vienna, Austria, then to the Technische Hochschule in Dresden, Germany.

) Oberth moved to Peenemünde, Germany, in 1941 to work on Nazi German rocketry projects, including the V-2 rocket weapon, and in about September 1943, he was awarded the Kriegsverdienstkreuz I Klasse mit Schwertern ( War Merit Cross 1st Class, with Swords ) for his " outstanding, courageous behavior ... during the attack " on Peenemünde by Operation Hydra, part of Operation Crossbow.

Oberth later worked on solid-propellant anti-aircraft rockets at the German WASAG military organization near Wittenberg.

In 1950, Oberth moved on to Italy, where he completed some of the work that he had begun at the WASAG organization for the new Italian Navy.

In 1958, Oberth was back in Feucht, Germany, where he published his ideas on a lunar exploration vehicle, a " lunar catapult ", and on " muffled " helicopters and airplanes.

In 1960, back in the United States again, Oberth went to work for the Convair Corporation as a technical consultant on the Atlas rocket program.

In July 1969, Oberth returned to the United States to witness the launch of the Apollo project Saturn V rocket from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida that carried the Apollo 11 crew on the first landing mission to the Moon.

Oberth died in Nuremberg, West Germany, on 28 December 1989, just shortly after the fall of the Iron Curtain that had for so long divided Germany into two countries.

The last moments of the series depict Elric on board a train on his way to meet Oberth, determined to study rocketry with him.

In the 1920s, Hermann Oberth and Herman Potocnik, aka Herman Noordung described an orbit at an altitude of 35, 900 kilometers whose period exactly matched the Earth's rotational period, making it appear to hover over a fixed point on the Earth's equator.

* In the 1920s, Hermann Oberth described a method in which the rocket is assembled vertically on a floating barge, which he used in the movie Frau im Mond.

He also joined Germany's amateur rocket movement, the Verein für Raumschiffahrt ( VfR-" Society for Space Travel ") which was centered on Oberth.

Since rocket scientist Hermann Oberth worked as an advisor on this movie ( he had originally intended to build a working rocket for use in the film ; time and technology kept this from happening ), it was popular among the rocket scientists in Wernher von Braun's circle at the Verein für Raumschiffahrt ( VfR ).

This paper was highly influential on Hermann Oberth and Wernher von Braun, later key players in spaceflight.

A Kumulus rocket is on display at the Hermann Oberth Space Travel Museum in Feucht.

Along with his followers, the German Hermann Oberth and the American Robert H. Goddard, he is considered to be one of the founding fathers of rocketry and astronautics.

For example, in an article in The American Weekly magazine of October 24, 1954, Oberth stated, " It is my thesis that flying saucers are real, and that they are space ships from another solar system.

Hermann Oberth is memorialized by the Hermann Oberth Space Travel Museum in Feucht, Germany, and by the Hermann Oberth Society.

Oberth is also mentioned in the last episode of the TV series Fullmetal Alchemist.

Although Oberth is often credited as the main technical consultant to the film, Ley's role was of central importance.

The trophy is named after the late founder of ASTRA, Oscar Swiglehoffer, who was also a personal friend and student of Hermann Oberth, one of the founding fathers of rocketry.

Nearby craters of note include Tikhov, which is nearly attached to the southeast rim, Oberth to the west, and Schjellerup to the north-northwest.