*** London fringe – small scale theatres, many of them located above pubs, and the equivalent to New York's Off-Broadway or Off-Off-Broadway theatres.

In London, the Fringe is the term given to small scale theatres, many of them located above pubs, and the equivalent to New York's Off-Broadway or Off-Off-Broadway theatres.

Off Broadway and Off-Off-Broadway shows often provide a more experimental, challenging and intimate performance than is possible in the larger Broadway theatres.

Off-Off-Broadway theatrical productions in New York City are those in theatres that are smaller than Broadway and Off-Broadway theatres.

The Drama Desk Awards, which are given annually in a number of categories, are the only major New York theater honors for which productions on Broadway, Off-Broadway, Off-Off-Broadway compete against each other in the same category.

An Off-Off-Broadway production that features members of Actors Equity is, of necessity, called an Equity Showcase production ; not all Off-Off-Broadway shows are Equity Showcases.

*** Off-Off-Broadway – theaters in New York City that have fewer than 100 seats, though the term can be used for any show in the New York City area that has neither an Off-Broadway nor a Broadway contract.

Among the first venues for what would soon be called " Off-Off-Broadway " ( a term supposedly coined by critic Jerry Tallmer of the Village Voice ) were coffeehouses in Greenwich Village, in particular, the Caffe Cino at 31 Cornelia Street, operated by the eccentric Joe Cino, who early on took a liking to actors and playwrights and agreed to let them stage plays there without bothering to read the plays first, or to even find out much about the content.

The term indie theatre, or independent theatre, coined by playwright Kirk Bromley has been suggested to replace Off-Off-Broadway as a term.

At the Off-Broadway, or Off-Off-Broadway level the LD will occasionally be responsible for much of the hands-on technical work ( hanging instruments, programming the light board, etc.

Among the first venues for what would soon be called " Off-Off-Broadway " were coffeehouses in Greenwich Village, particularly the Caffe Cino at 31 Cornelia Street, operated by the eccentric Joe Cino, who early on took a liking to actors and playwrights and agreed to let them stage plays there without bothering to read the plays first, or to even find out much about the content.

On May 17, 2010 he was presented with the very first Luminary Award from the New York Innovative Theatre Awards for his work Off-Off-Broadway.

She has been slowly returning to directing work: in May 1995, she wrote and directed a benefit reading, On Stage — featuring Jill Clayburgh, Joe Pacheco, and Jane Curtin — for Sharon Stage in Connecticut ; in November 2005, and again in November 2007 she presented songs from Philadelphia Chickens, Dog Train, and Blue Moo at the Kennedy Center's Millennium Stage ; and in November 2006, she directed her son Keith in his own play, The Quotable Assassin, Off-Off-Broadway at Alternate Stages.

He is also a professional puzzle writer and editor ( and a former editor-at-large for GAMES Magazine, as well as a former editor of the Enigma, the official publication of the National Puzzlers ' League ), the composer and co-lyricist ( with playwright James Evans ) of the Off-Off-Broadway musical We're All Dead, and the author of the webcomic Six Things.

She landed her first professional onstage role in Tom Eyen's Off-Off-Broadway plays in 1965, Miss Nefertiti Regrets and Cinderella Revisited, a children's play by day and an adult show by night.

Too Much Light Makes the Baby Go Blind: 30 Plays in 60 Minutes ( TMLMTBGB ) is the longest running show in Chicago and the only open-run Off-Off-Broadway show in New York.

* New Faces of 1952 ( Revival ) ( 1982 ) ( Off-Off-Broadway )

was originally produced Off-Off-Broadway in September 1990 at the Second Stage Theatre and New York Theatre Workshop and The Village Gate ( November 1991 ).

Over the last thirty years he has worked in Regional Theatre on both coasts, and Off Broadway and Off-Off-Broadway in New York.

Based in a variety of small New York locations which were frequently closed due to financial problems or conflicts with city authorities, they helped to originate Off-Off-Broadway and Off-Broadway as significant forces in U. S. theater.

The first professional revival in New York was staged Off-Off-Broadway in October 2008 at the Chernuchin Theatre, featuring a 14-member youth ensemble in addition to the four principal performers ; it was directed by Debbie Slevin.

* Outstanding New York Theater: Off-Off-Broadway

* Outstanding New York Theater: Off-Off-Broadway

* Outstanding New York Theater: Off-Off-Broadway

* In 1990, Ms. Lortel was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame along with Joseph Papp and Lloyd Richards ; and was given the rarely presented Actors Fund Medal of Honor during ceremonies at " The Lucille Lortel Off-Off-Broadway " Theatre located in the Actors ' Fund Extended Care Facility in Englewood, New Jersey.

Panels address topics of current interest: covering the season on Broadway, Off-Broadway and Off-Off-Broadway, with the aim of prompting informative and stimulating discussion.

The Off-Off-Broadway movement began in 1958 as a reaction to Off-Broadway, and a " complete rejection of commercial theatre ".

Kelly has appeared in numerous Off-Broadway and Off-Off-Broadway productions, primarily at The Public Theatre and The Second Stage.

Off-Off-Broadway began in Greenwich Village in 1958 as a reaction to Off Broadway, and a " complete rejection of commercial theatre ".

The Bronx is home to several Off-Off-Broadway theaters, many staging new works by immigrant playwrights from Latin America and Africa.

Also integral to the rise of Off-Off-Broadway were Ellen Stewart at La MaMa, originally located at 321 E. 9th Street and Al Carmines at the Judson Poets ' Theater, located at Judson Memorial Church on the south side of Washington Square Park.

She had appeared in an earlier 1966 version of Dames at Sea at the Off-Off-Broadway performance club Caffe Cino.

By the age of 22, Downey had served in the Army, played semi-pro baseball, become a Golden Gloves boxing champion, and an Off-Off-Broadway playwright.

From the 1960s onward, lower Manhattan has been home to many alternative theater companies, constituting the heart of the Off-Off-Broadway community.

It was an Off-Off-Broadway play produced in a small Houston Street theater, but the reviews Mostel received were overwhelmingly favorable.

Also integral to the rise of Off-Off-Broadway were Ellen Stewart at La MaMa, and Al Carmines at the Judson Poets ' Theater, located at Judson Memorial Church.

Playing Underground: A Critical History of the 1960s Off-Off-Broadway Movement.

Cities are traditionally engines of social modernization and economic growth and at the same time the theatres in which globalization stages its actions.

There are several theatres within the city centre, and various world famous actors have emerged from the Dublin theatrical scene, including Noel Purcell, Sir Michael Gambon, Brendan Gleeson, Stephen Rea, Colin Farrell, Colm Meaney and Gabriel Byrne.

There are also a few theatres from diverse periods.

* There are many theatres named after Verdi in Italy.

Around 40 theatres are located in Hanover.

Although kabuki was performed all over ukiyo and other portions for the country, the Nakamura-za, Ichimura-za and Kawarazaki-za theatres became the top theatres in ukiyo, where some of the most successful kabuki performances were and still are held.

A subtle type of sound electronic reinforcement called acoustic enhancement is used in some modern concert halls and theatres where operas are performed.

Other terms originating in the star casting system of the Parisian theatres are baryton-martin and falcon.

Distinguished among Stockholm's many theatres are the Royal Dramatic Theatre ( Dramaten ), one of Europe's most renowned theatres, and the Royal Swedish Opera, inaugurated in 1773.

Other notable theatres are the Stockholm City Theatre, the Peoples Opera ( Folkoperan ), the Modern Theatre of Dance ( Moderna dansteatern ), the China Theatre, the Göta Lejon Theatre, the Mosebacke Theatre, and the Oscar Theatre.

These theatres are smaller than Broadway theatres.

There are 3288 rooms on 42 floors, with an overall area of 123, 000 m², containing cinemas, theatres, museums, offices, bookshops, a large conference hall for 3000 people, and an accredited university, Collegium Civitas on the 11th and 12th floors of the building.

( 1955 ), previously released to select cities in Todd-AO, now receives a national release in Cinemascope, since not all theatres are yet equipped for Todd-AO.

The United States ' response was " very different but just as deep an instinctual reaction ... the United States have an almost neurotic sense of vulnerability ... its two coastlines, its two theatres, its two navies are separated by the entire length of the New World ... she lives with ... the nightmare of having one day to fight a decisive sea battle without the benefit of concentration, the perpetual spectre of naval ' war on two fronts '.

A number of theatres are nearby, such as the Phoenix Theatre which has its entrance on the adjoining Phoenix Street.

Larger loudspeaker systems are used for music, sound reinforcement in theatres and concerts, and in public address systems.

The last known OmniVision theatres to exist in USA are The Alaska Experience Theatre in Anchorage, Alaska, built in 1981 ( closed in 2007, reopened in 2008 ), and the Hawaii Experience Theatre in Lahaina, Hawaii ( closed in 2004 ).

The only two theatres with their own ensemble are the Studiobühne Bayreuth and amateur dramatic society, Brandenburg Kulturstadl.

Numerous plays are put on every year at Eton College ; there is one main theatre, called the Farrer ( Seating 400 ) and 2 Studio theatres, called the Caccia Studio and Empty Space ( Seating 90 and 80 respectively ).

Alongside the established institutions with seasoned professionals and centuries-old traditions, there are amateur theatres and travelling groups as well.

Natural formations shaped like man-made theatres or amphitheatres are sometimes known as natural amphitheatres.

Their typical shape, functions and name distinguish them from Roman theatres, which are usually semicircular in shape ; from the circuses ( akin to hippodromes ) whose much longer circuits were designed mainly for horse or chariot racing events ; and from the smaller stadia, which were primarily designed for athletics and footraces.