In Romania, the leek is also widely considered a symbol of Oltenia, a historical region in the southwestern part of the country.

The traditional heraldic symbol of Oltenia, also understood as representing Banat, is nowadays present in the Coat of Arms of Romania ( lower dexter ): on gules field, an or lion rampant, facing dexter, holding a sword, and standing over an or bridge ( Apolodor of Damascus Bridge at Drobeta Turnu Severin ) and stylised waves.

Vâlcea ( also spelt Vîlcea ; ) is a county ( judeţ ) of Romania, in the historical regions of Oltenia and Muntenia ( the regions are separated by the Olt River ).

Since Austria also had similar goals, as shown by the annexations of Oltenia ( 1718 – 1739 ) and Bukovina ( 1775 ), the Romanians started looking for allies in Western Europe.

Râmnicu Vâlcea ( also spelled Rîmnicu Vîlcea, ) ( population: 92, 573 ) is the capital city of Vâlcea County, Romania ( in the historical province of Oltenia ).

Târgu Jiu ( also spelled Tîrgu Jiu ; ) is the capital of Gorj County, Oltenia, Romania.

The title was used also in Wallachia up to 19th century ( where it was associated with the highest boyar office and the region of Oltenia or Severin Banat ), medieval Moldavia, the Kingdom of Serbia and Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1941.

Ban was also the title of the medieval rulers of parts of Wallachia ( Oltenia and Severin ) since the 13th century.

Litovoi, also Litvoy, was a Vlach voivode in the 13th century whose territory comprised northern Oltenia ( Romania ).

Chirpici is a traditional construction material made out of clay and straw, used especially on the steppes of southern Romania, in the Bărăgan Plain, but also in other lowlands of Oltenia, Moldavia and Dobruja.

The Austrians, in their turn, rapidly expanded their empire: in 1718 an important part of Wallachia, called Oltenia, was incorporated to the Austrian monarchy and was only returned in 1739.

In 1233 Oltenia was organized into a military frontier zone of the Kingdom of Hungary, called the Banate of Severin.

The Ottoman Empire lost the Banat and southeastern Syrmia, central part of present-day Serbia ( from Belgrade to south of Kruševac ), a tiny strip of northern Bosnia and Lesser Wallachia ( Oltenia ) to Austria.

The territorial advances made in the last Turkish War, under Prince Eugene of Savoy, in Bosnia, Serbia and Oltenia ( Lesser Wallachia ), were obliterated.

The latter river is the border between Muntenia and Oltenia ( or Lesser Wallachia ).

** Oltenia ( Lesser Wallachia ) ( RO )

** Oltenia ( Lesser Wallachia ) ( R ).

* Lesser Wallachia ( Oltenia ), a region in Romania west of the Olt River

* Oltenia or Lesser Wallachia: as part of Wallachia, joined Moldavia in 1859 to create modern Romania ;

In 1600, the principalities of Wallachia, Moldova and Transylvania were simultaneously headed by the Wallachian prince Michael the Brave ( Mihai Viteazul ), Ban of Oltenia, but the chance for a unity dissolved after Mihai was killed, only one year later, by the soldiers of an Austrian army general Giorgio Basta.

* Wallachia reaches south from the Transylvanian Alps to the Bulgarian border and is divided by the Olt River into Oltenia on the west and Muntenia on the east.

With the Treaty of Belgrade, the Habsburgs ceded the Kingdom of Serbia with Belgrade, the southern part of the Banat of Temeswar and northern Bosnia to the Ottomans, and Oltenia, gained by the Treaty of Passarowitz in 1718, to Wallachia ( an Ottoman subject ), and set the demarcation line to the rivers Sava and Danube.

The rise of the mediaeval state of Wallachia followed in the 14th century, and the voivode ( Prince of Wallachia ) was represented in Oltenia by a ban-" the great ban of Craiova " ( with seat in Craiova after it was moved from Strehaia ).

Two years later, in 1718 under the terms of the Treaty of Passarowitz, Oltenia was split from Wallachia and annexed by the Habsburg Monarchy ( de facto, it was under Austrian occupation by 1716 ); in 1737, it was returned to Wallachia under Prince Constantine Mavrocordatos ( see Austro-Turkish War of 1716-18 and Austro-Turkish War, 1737-1739 ).

Tudor Pamfile in his book Mitologie românească compiles all appellations of strigoi in Romania strâgoi, Moroi in western Transylvania, Wallachia and Oltenia, vidmă in ​​ Bucovina, vârcolacul, Cel-rau, or vampire.

With the discreet assistance of Imperial Russian troops, the Austrian army ( except for the garrisons at Alba Iulia and Deva ) and the Austrian-Romanian administration retreated to Wallachia and Wallachian Oltenia ( both were, at the time, under Russia's occupation ).

The Comitet, motivated against competition and denied Phanariote rulers ' favours, decided to quickly manoeuver anti-boyar and anti-Phanariote sentiment in Wallachia ( and especially in Oltenia ), acting before the newly appointed Scarlat Callimachi could claim his throne.

Minor advances into Transylvania were met with a Central Powers counter-offensive that swept through Oltenia and Wallachia, occupied Bucharest, and forced all governmental structures to take refuge in Iaşi.

After Austria gained control of northern Serbia and Oltenia with the Treaty of Passarowitz in 1718, officials noted the local practice of exhuming bodies and " killing vampires ".

The Habsburg Monarchy entered the war in 1737 on the Russian side to get its share, but was forced to make peace with Ottomans at the separate Treaty of Belgrade, surrendering Northern Serbia, Northern Bosnia and Oltenia, and allowing the Ottomans to resist the Russian push toward Istanbul.

Map of Romania with Oltenia highlighted

In 129, during Hadrian's rule, it formed Dacia Inferior, one of the two divisions of the province ( together with Dacia Superior, in today's Transylvania ); Marcus Aurelius ' administrative reform made Oltenia one of the three new divisions ( tres Daciae ) as Dacia Malvensis, its capital and chief city being named Romula.

Under the occupation, Oltenia was the only part of the Danubian Principalities ( with the later exception of Bukovina ) to experience Enlightened absolutism and Austrian administration, although these were met by considerable and mounting opposition from conservative boyars.

Dolj (; originally meant Dol ( no )- Jiu, " lower Jiu ", toward Gorj ( upper Jiu )) is a county ( judeţ ) of Romania, in Oltenia, with the capital city at Craiova ( population: 314, 437 ).

It is mostly located in the historical province of Oltenia, with one municipality ( Orşova ) and three communes ( Dubova, Eşelniţa and Sviniţa ) located in the Banat.

Gorj () is a county ( judeţ ) of Romania, in Oltenia, with its capital city at Târgu Jiu.

* Romans conquered less than 50 % of the territories inhabited by Romanians ( Transylvania, Banat, Oltenia and parts of Muntenia, southern Moldova, eastern Serbia and northern Bulgaria ); moreover, many Dacians lived in remote mountainous areas, with little contact with the main Roman colonies.

Then the coat of arms of Transylvania was placed in the fourth quarter, with the Turul replaced by a black aquila, the third quarter depicted the joined coats of arms of Banat and Oltenia ( the bridge of Apollodorus of Damascus and a golden lion respectively ), and the coat of arms of Dobruja was placed in an insertion.

On the bird ’ s chest there is a quartered escutcheon with the symbols of the historical Romanian provinces ( Muntenia, Moldavia, Transylvania, Banat, Crisana, Maramures, Basarabia, Dobrogea and Oltenia ) as well as two dolphins reminding of the country ’ s Black Sea Coast.

The third quarter features the traditional coat of arms of Banat and Oltenia, gules: over waves, a golden bridge with two arched openings ( symbolising Roman emperor Trajan ’ s bridge over the Danube ), wherefrom comes a golden lion holding a broadsword in its right forepaw.

Băileşti () is a city in Dolj County, Oltenia, Romania, with a population of 22, 231.

These decisively marked Bucharest's development in several ways-the city was the unrivalled capital, being favoured by the decrease in importance of manorialism and rural centers, cumulated with the progress witnessed by the monetary economy ( during the period, boyar status began revolving around appointment to administrative offices, and most of the latter were centered on the princely residence, including, after 1761, the banat of Oltenia ).

These, while connected with the very first administrative reforms, generally had to rely on spoliation, and coincided with a disastrous stage in the countries ' history, given that the two became a major theatre of war in a series of confrontations between Russian, Habsburg, and Ottoman forces ( until the mid-19th century, they frequently came under temporary Russian or Habsburg occupation, and sometimes administration — as happened to the regions of Oltenia, Bukovina, and Bessarabia ).

Surduc Pass ( in Romanian: Defileul Jiului or Pasul Surduc, in Hungarian Szurdok-szoros ) is a mountain pass in the Gorj and Hunedoara counties of Southwestern Romania, connecting the Petroşani Depression with Oltenia.