Norway retained only Orkney and Shetland in the area.

The Treaty area covers the continent itself and its immediately adjacent islands, as well as the archipelagos of the South Orkney Islands, South Shetland Islands, Peter I Island, Scott Island and Balleny Islands.

Jo Grimond, for example, who became Liberal leader in 1956, was MP for the remote Orkney and Shetland islands.

On the islands of Orkney and Shetland there are very few cells at ground floor.

Part 1 The Orkney and Shetland Isles.

On the Danish flag, the cross design, which represents Christianity, was subsequently adopted by the other Nordic countries ; Sweden, Norway, Finland, Iceland, Åland Islands and the Faroe Islands, as well as the Scottish archipelagos of Shetland and Orkney.

* 1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawned by Norway to Scotland in lieu of a dowry for Margaret of Denmark.

This flag, called the Dannebrog, inspired the cross design of the other Nordic countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, and regional Scandinavian flags for the Faroe Islands, Åland, Scania and Bornholm, as well as flags for the non-Scandinavian Shetland and Orkney.

Fair Isle ( from Old Norse Frjóey ; Scottish Gaelic Fara ) is an island in northern Scotland, lying around halfway between mainland Shetland and the Orkney islands.

The island is administratively part of Shetland and lies south-west of Sumburgh Head on the Mainland of Shetland and north-east of North Ronaldsay, Orkney.

The island's historic role as a signal station continues today with its high-technology relay stations carrying vital TV, radio, telephone and military communication links between Shetland, Orkney and the Scottish mainland.

However, by then the Vikings were almost certainly well established in Orkney and Shetland, and it is probable that many other non-recorded raids occurred before this.

In 1468 the last significant acquisition of Scottish territory occurred when James III married Margaret of Denmark, receiving the Orkney Islands and the Shetland Islands in payment of her dowry.

Hunter ( 2000 ) states that in relation to King Bridei I of the Picts in the sixth century: " As for Shetland, Orkney, Skye and the Western Isles, their inhabitants, most of whom appear to have been Pictish in culture and speech at this time, are likely to have regarded Bridei as a fairly distant presence .”

It was given in contrast to the Norðreyjar, or the " Northern Isles " of Orkney and Shetland.

The Islands of the Firth of Clyde are the fifth largest of the major Scottish island groups after the Inner and Outer Hebrides, Orkney and Shetland.

The Kalmar Union ( Danish, Norwegian and ; ) is a historiographical term describing a series of personal unions ( 1397 – 1523 ) that intermittently joined under a single monarch the three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden ( then including Finland ), and Norway ( then including Iceland, Greenland, the Faroe Islands and, prior to their transfer to Scotland in 1471, Shetland and Orkney ).

* Norn, an extinct North Germanic language that was spoken in Shetland and Orkney, off the north coast of mainland Scotland, and in Caithness.

Norn is an extinct North Germanic language that was spoken in the Northern Isles ( Orkney and Shetland ) off the north coast of mainland Scotland and in Caithness in the far north of the Scottish mainland.

After Orkney and Shetland were pledged to Scotland by Norway in 1468 / 69 it was gradually replaced by Scots.

Orkney and Shetland were pledged to James III in 1468 and 1469 respectively, and it is with these pledges that the replacement of Norn with Scots is most associated.

Despite this, the process by which Scots overtook Norn as the primary spoken language on the islands was not a swift one, and most natives of Orkney and Shetland likely spoke Norn as a first language until the late 16th and early-to-mid 17th centuries respectively.

Sources from the 17th and 18th centuries speak of Norn ( sometimes identified as " Norse ", " Norwegian " or " Danish ") as being in a state of decline and generally indicate that the language remained stronger in Shetland than in Orkney.

Another from 1701 indicates that there were still a few monoglot " Norse " speakers who were capable of speaking " no other thing ", and notes that there were more speakers of the language in Shetland than in Orkney.

They appear relatively late and only in Orkney and it is not clear why the use of cairns continued in the north when their construction had largely ceased elsewhere in Scotland.

The Jarls of Orkney continued to rule much of Northern Scotland until 1196, when Harald Maddadsson agreed to pay tribute to William the Lion, King of Scots for his territories on the Mainland.

Edward and the Guardians continued their negotiations, based on the collective assumption that Margaret would be Queen and Edward of Wales King, but all these plans, and those of King Alexander, were brought to nothing by the death of Margaret in the Orkney Islands on 26 September 1290 while voyaging to Scotland.

The seat of the diocese was transferred to St Magnus Cathedral, Kirkwall in the later twelfth century, though the Bishops of Orkney continued to have a residence in Birsay ( known by the Latin name Mons Bellus ) into late medieval times.

After his release he continued his activism in the anarchist movement in the United Kingdom, re-formed the Anarchist Black Cross and Black Flag with Albert Meltzer, was acquitted of involvement with the Angry Brigade, and started the publishing house Cienfuegos Press ( later Refract Publications ), which for a number of years he operated from the remote island of Sanday, Orkney, where he also edited and published a local Orcadian newspaper, The Free-Winged Eagle.

His trip continued up the west coast of Scotland, around the north coast, out to the Orkney Islands and down the east coast as far south as Dundee.

In early times both the archbishop of Hamburg and the archbishop of York disputed with the Norwegians ecclesiastical jurisdiction over Orkney and the right of consecrating bishops ; but ultimately the Norwegian bishops, the first of whom was William the Old ( consecrated in 1102 ), continued the canonical succession.

Orkney, attacking from the rear, now tried a different tactic – "... it came into my head to beat parley ", he later wrote, " which they accepted of and immediately their Brigadier de Nouville capitulated with me to be prisoner at discretion and lay down their arms.

It is separated from mainland Orkney by the Eynhallow Sound, and, like its neighbours Egilsay and Wyre, can be reached by a ro-ro ferry ( MV Eynhallow ) from Tingwall, on the mainland of Orkney, which takes 20 – 25 minutes.

Beyond by four days ' sail is another promontory, Belerion, which can only be Cornwall, as Diodorus is describing the triangular perimeter and the third point is Orkas, presumably the main island of the Orkney Islands.

At a number of sites in Orkney investigators have found a glassy, slag-like material called " Kelp " or " Cramp " that may be the residual burnt seaweed.

King Olav Tryggvasson summoned the jarl Sigurd the Stout during a visit to Orkney and said " I order you and all your subjects to be baptised.

The site dates from 3100 – 2500 BC and due to a shortage of wood in Orkney, the people of Skara Brae were forced to build with stone, a readily available material that could be worked easily and turned into items for use within the household.

** Islands: Hoy, Pentland Skerries, Swona, South Ronaldsay, South Walls ( all generally considered to be part of Orkney ); Stroma

He was in need of cash, however, so the islands of Orkney and Shetland, possessions of the Norwegian crown, were pledged as security until the dowry was to be paid.

According to Sir Walter Scott: ' Possession of supernatural wisdom is still imputed by the natives of Orkney and Zetland Islands, to the people called Drows, who may, in most other respects, be identified with the Caledonian fairies.

Other equivalent placenames can be found across northern Europe ; in Scotland, there is Dingwall in the Highlands and Tingwall, occurring both in Orkney and Shetland.

The Orkney Rangers believe this may be one source for Washington Irving's tale, because his father was an Orcadian from the island of Shapinsay and would almost certainly have known the tale.

The parliament was to be elected using Mixed member proportional representation which is a combination of 73 ( First-past-the-post ) constituencies using the same boundaries as was used in the 1997 UK General Election with the exception of Orkney and Shetland as they were made separate constituencies and proportional representation with the 73 constituencies being grouped together to make eight regions which would each elect seven additional members to make a total of 129 Members of Scottish Parliament ( MSP's ).

There is to be a constituency covering the Orkney and Shetland Islands, another covering the Na h-Eileanan an Iar ( Western Isles ), and two covering the Isle of Wight.

The Orkney and Shetland Islands were not to be combined with any other areas.

Thirty-three registration counties were formed: they differed in number from the thirty-four civil counties then existing as the Barony and Regality of Glasgow was to be treated as a county, while four counties which shared a sheriff were paired ( Rosshire with Cromarty and Orkney with Zetland ).

Note that 14 digits may be required for locations in Orkney and further north.

Various authors have suggested that comparable Mediaeval buildings can be found in Europe ; in particular the Orphir Round Church on Orkney built in Scotland around 1115 and the round churches on the Danish island of Bornholm such as Østerlars Church dating from around 1160.

King James III gained his hold and rights of the Norwegian Earldom of Orkney for the Scottish Crown in 1470 ( see History of Orkney ), against a promised compensation ( it turned out to be lands of Ravencraig, in 1471 ); and William Sinclair was thereafter Earl of Caithness alone until he resigned the Earldom in favour of his son William in 1476.

William Sinclair 3rd Earl of Orkney, Baron of Roslin and 1st Earl of Caithness, claimed by novelists to be a hereditary Grand Master of the Scottish stonemasons, built Rosslyn Chapel.

In 1955, Colin Thornton-Kemsley MP for North Angus and Mearns pointed out that despite the Covenant only one of the 71 MPs representing Scottish seats could be said to support devolution, that one member being Jo Grimond, Liberal MP for Orkney and Shetland.

Kirkwall is also the traditional seat of the Bishop of Orkney, and St. Magnus Cathedral is to be found there.