In 1404 Abergavenny was declared its own nation by Ieuan ab Owain Glyndŵr, illegitimate son of Owain Glyndŵr.

* Owain Glyndŵr ( Owen Glendower ), a medieval Welsh nobleman

In addition to this, the final defeat of the uprising led by the Welsh prince, Owain Glyndŵr, in 1412 by Prince Henry ( who later became Henry V ) represents the last major armed attempt by the Welsh to throw off English rule.

One famous Welsh longbow victory was on 22 June 1402 when Owain Glyndŵr fought a battle against the English at Bryn Glas.

Owain Glyndŵr (), or Owain Glyn Dŵr, ( c. 1349 or 1359 – c. 1416 ) was a Welsh ruler and the last native Welshman to hold the title Prince of Wales.

Banner of Owain Glyndŵr.

That Owain Glyndŵr had another brother Gruffudd is likely ; that he possibly had a third, Maredudd, is suggested by one reference.

In the late 1390s, a series of events occurred that began to push Owain towards rebellion, in what was later to be called the Welsh Revolt, the Glyndŵr Rising or the Last War of Independence.

Owain Glyndŵr

In his book The Mystery of Jack of Kent and the Fate of Owain Glyndŵr, Alex Gibbon argues that the folk hero Jack of Kent, also known as Siôn Cent – the family chaplain of the Scudamore family – was in fact Owain Glyndŵr himself.

Gibbon points out a number of similarities between Siôn Cent and Glyndŵr ( including physical appearance, age, education, character ) and claims that Owain spent his last years living with Alys passing himself off as an aging Franciscan friar and family tutor.

In 2006, Adrien Jones, the president of the Owain Glyndŵr Society, said, " Four years ago we visited a direct descendant of Glyndŵr ( Sir John Scudamore ), at Kentchurch Court, near Abergavenny.

Adam of Usk, a one-time supporter of Glyndŵr, made the following entry in his Chronicle under the year 1415: After four years in hiding, from the king and the realm, Owain Glyndŵr died, and was buried by his followers in the darkness of night.

Sculpture of Owain Glyndŵr by Alfred Turner ( sculptor ) | Alfred Turner at City Hall, Cardiff.

In 2007, popular Welsh musicians the Manic Street Preachers wrote a song entitled " 1404 " based on Owain Glyndŵr.

The precarious position of Normans and Flemings was demonstrated in 1136 when the Normans, having already lost 500 men in battle at Loughor, re-recruited from Lordships from all over South Wales and led by Robert fitz Martin at Crug Mawr near Cardigan attacked Owain Gwynedd and his army.

Later, Oswestry was attacked by the forces of Welsh rebel leader Owain Glyndŵr during the early years of his rebellion against the English King Henry IV in 1400 ; it became known as Pentrepoeth or ' hot town ' as it was burned and nearly totally destroyed by the Welsh.

At the beginning of the 15th century the castle was again attacked, this time by Owain Glyndwr, who took control of the castle around 1403-05.

It was badly damaged in 1402 when Newport was attacked by the forces of Owain Glyndŵr and underwent a major rebuilding including the addition of the tower.

The castle was said to have been attacked and destroyed by Owain Glyndŵr and his forces during his rebellion of 1400 to 1412.

Owain Glyndŵr's forces attacked Builth Castle when it was in the charge of John Oldcastle during the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr and it was repaired in 1409, the bill being £ 400.

The castle was largely destroyed in the early 15th century by Owain Glyndŵr's forces who also attacked and burned Abergavenny town and other settlements in the area.

It was later attacked by the forces of Owain Glyndŵr in 1403.

Either Nest and Gerald were present at an eisteddfod given, during a truce, by Cadwgan ap Bleddyn, prince of Powys ; or they were not present, and Nest and her husband were " visited " by Owain ap Cadwgan, one of Cadwgan's sons, or they were not visited by Owain, merely attacked by Owain and his men.

Neither Monmouth town nor its castle were attacked during the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr, although nearby Abergavenny and Grosmont were burned down during the uprising, and the town suffered from the devastation in surrounding areas.

Together, Dafydd and Rhodri attacked and killed their brother Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd that same year.

The castle became a ruin by the 16th century, possibly attacked by Owain Glyndŵr.

Gruffydd had been recognised as his father's successor, but Maelgwn, helped by troops supplied by Gwenwynwyn ab Owain of Powys attacked and captured the town and castle of Aberystwyth, taking Gruffydd prisoner.

In early July 1403 Owain Glyndŵr, together with 800 men, attacked Carreg Cennen, but, although inflicting severe damage to the walls, failed to take the castle.

While the main royal army faced the forces of Owain Gwynedd east of the River Conwy, a force including Robert and his half-brother Henry Fitzroy ( the illegitimate son of Nest and King Henry I ) attacked Anglesey by sea.

He set sail from Harfleur with money borrowed from Charles V. Owain first attacked the island of Guernsey, and was still there when a message arrived from Charles ordering him to abandon the expedition in order to go to Castile to seek ships to attack La Rochelle.

During the Welsh Revolt in 1402 Rhys Gethin, General for Owain Glyndŵr, took Caerleon Castle together with those of Newport, Cardiff, Llandaff, Abergavenny, Caerphilly and Usk by force.

He had not gone far when on 15 April he was ambushed and killed by the men of Gwent under Iorwerth ab Owain and his brother Morgan, grandsons of Caradog ap Gruffydd, in a woody tract called " the ill-way of Coed Grano ", near Llanthony Abbey, north of Abergavenny .. Today the spot is marked by the ' garreg dial ' ( the stone of revenge ).

A plaque at Machynlleth commemorates Owain Glyndŵr's 1404 parliament

In 1404, to demonstrate his seriousness as a ruler, Owain held court at Harlech and appointed Gruffydd Young as his Chancellor.

* Machynlleth, where Owain Glyndŵr held a parliament in 1404.

Over the next few centuries, the castle played an important part in several wars, withstanding the siege of Madog ap Llywelyn between 1294 – 95, but falling to Owain Glyndŵr in 1404.

The castle was used as a prison until 1404 when Welsh forces captured the castle during the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr.

In 1400 the Welsh prince Owain Glyndŵr rose in rebellion against English rule, and in response in 1404 100 marks was spent by the royal government improving the fortifications to protect Brecon in the event of a Welsh attack.

Although the Three Castles briefly saw action during the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr in 1404 – 05, they never again played a major role in military affairs.

From 1404 to 1413 he served with his elder brother Gilbert in the Welsh war or the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr.

Machynlleth was the seat of Owain Glyndŵr's Welsh Parliament in 1404, and as such claims to be the " ancient capital of Wales ".

According to local tradition, Dafydd Gam, a Welsh ally of the English Kings, was imprisoned here from 1404 to 1412 for attempting to assassinate Owain Glyndŵr.

The building said to be Owain Glyndŵr's 1404 Parliament House

Owain was crowned Prince of Wales in 1404 near the Parliament House, which is one of three mediæval houses in town, in the presence of leaders from Scotland, France and Spain, and he held his own Parliament in the town.

* Owain Glyndŵr, ( c. 1349 or 1359 – c. 1416 ), Welsh ruler and Prince of Wales, crowned in Machynlleth in 1404.

* Owain Glyndŵr ( 1404 – 1409 )-Welsh Rebellion Leader and the last Welshman to claim the title ' Prince of Wales '

In 1404 it was the location of a council of chiefs under Owain Glyndŵr.

It is believed that the castle was destroyed in 1404 by Owain Glyndŵr though there is no written proof of the event.

During the national uprising led by Owain Glyndŵr, the Welsh took possession of the castle in 1404.

This was demonstrated when Owain Glyndŵr was explicitly crowned as Owain IV of Wales in 1404.