The very concept of Pashtunistan was taken from the old word " Pakhtunkhwa.

The Pashtunistan area later fell to the Turkish Ghaznavids whose main capital was at Ghazni, with Lahor serving as the second power house.

Pashtunistan was ruled by the Mughal Empire during the early 18th century when Afghan led by Mirwais Hotak successfully revolted against the Persian Safavids in the city of Kandahar.

Small part of the Pashtunistan region around Peshawar was invaded by Ranjit Singh and his Sikh army in the early part of the 19th century, but they were defeated by the British Raj, the new powerful empire which reached the Pashtunistan region from the east.

The line laid the foundation not for peace between the border regions, but for heated disagreement between the governments of Afghanistan and British India, and later, Afghanistan and Pakistan over what came to be known as the issue of Pashtunistan or ' Land of the Pashtuns '.

Pashtuns practice Pashtunwali, the indigenous culture of the Pashtuns, and this pre-Islamic identity remains significant for many Pashtuns and is one of the factors that have kept the Pashtunistan issue alive.

Flag advocated by Pashtun nationalists as an expression for Pashtunistan and Pashtun nationalism

Since the late 1940s with the dissolution of British India and creation of Pakistan, some rigid Pashtun nationalists proposed merging with Afghanistan or creating Pashtunistan as a future sovereign state for the local Pashtun inhabitanits of the area.

In 1962, Daoud sent troops across the international border into the Bajaur region of Pakistan in an attempt to manipulate events in that area and to press the Pashtunistan issue, but the Afghan military forces were routed by Pakistani military.

Pashtunistan (, Pax ̌ tūnstān ) or Pakhtunistan, meaning the " land of Pashtuns " or " land of Pakhtuns ", is a term used to refer to the historical region inhabited by the indigenous Pashtun people of Afghanistan and Pakistan since at least the 1st millennium BC.

The main language spoken in the delineated Pashtunistan region is Pashto, followed by others such as Balochi, Hindko, and Urdu.

This uprising and taken over of the Persian throne by the powerful Hotaki dynasty of Afghanistan united all the tribes of Pashtunistan.

The Pakistan government decided to retaliate against the Afghan government's Pashtunistan policy by supporting Islamist opponents of the Afghan government including future Mujahidin leaders Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and Ahmad Shah Massoud.

However, government forces easily defeated the insurgency and a sizable portion of the insurgents sought refuge in Pakistan where they enjoyed the support of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's government, which had been alarmed by Daoud's revival of the Pashtunistan issue.

The Pashtun area ( known today as the " Pashtunistan " region ) fell within the Ghaznavid Empire in the 10th century followed by the Ghurids, Timurids, Mughals, Hotakis, and finally by the Durranis.

As in the previous year, relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan are not happy, because of charges and countercharges regarding border incidents and, on the Pakistan side, particularly because of the alleged encouragement by Afghanistan of the so-called " Pashtunistan " movement.

At a press conference Shah Mahmud Khan stresses the friendliness of Afghan policy toward Pakistan, and maintains that in supporting the " Pashtunistan " movement Afghanistan is not animated by hostility to Pakistan.

There are several arguments from the governments of Afghanistan and Pakistan regarding the Pashtunistan issue.

Afghanistan cemented regional problems with Pakistan, after Daoud pressed his hard-line Pashtunistan policies to Pakistan.

The native Pashtun tribes, often described as fiercely independent people, have inhabited the Pashtunistan region ( Afghanistan ) since at least the 1st millennium BC.

Pashtunwali rules are accepted in Afghanistan and Pakistan ( mainly in and around the Pashtunistan region ), and also in some Pashtun communities around the world.

The Mohmand (-also spelled as Momand ) are a Pashtun tribe, inhabiting primarily eastern Afghanistan and the Mohmand Agency in the semi-autonomous Federally Administered Tribal Areas of northwest Pashtunistan.

The British Indian leaders and even the Khudai Khidmatgars started using the word " Pathanistan " to refer to the region, and later on the word " Pashtunistan " became more popular.

After the death of Nader Shah in 1747, Ahmad Shah Durrani created his own large and powerful Durrani Empire, which included Pashtunistan among many other places.

However, irredentist claims regarding Pashtunistan are today no longer considered as relevant.

Prominent 20th century proponents of the Pashtunistan cause have included Khan Abdul Wali Khan and Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan.

He and Bhutto reach tentative agreement on a solution to the Pashtunistan problem.

* Separatist movements of Pakistan including Balochistan movement, Sindhudesh movement and Pashtunistan movement.

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