Permanent settlement started by 1882, mainly by workers in coconut plantations and fishermen but, due to an extreme drought which killed off tens of thousands of Coconut Palms --- about 75 % of Christmas Island's population of this plant --- the island was once again abandoned between 1905 and 1912.

Permanent, non-military European settlement began during the American Revolution.

A direct result of these meetings was the establishment of the world's first organisation for the settlement of international disputes: the Permanent Court of Arbitration ( PCA ).

Permanent Scandinavian settlement occurred before 911, when an agreement was reached between Rollo, one of the Viking leaders, and King Charles the Simple of France, surrendering the county of Rouen to Rollo.

Permanent settlement began with the construction of an ostrog ( fortress ) in 1636 at the junction of the Oka and Angara rivers.

Belgium has resorted several times to international dispute settlement, notably in cases at both the International Court of Justice and the Permanent Court of Arbitration with the Netherlands concerning the diversion of water from the Meuse ( 1937 ) the frontier at the enclave of Baarle-Hertog ( 1959 ) and the revitalisation of the so called Iron Rhine railroad ( 2005 ).

Permanent year-round urban settlement may have been prompted by intensive agricultural practices.

Permanent settlement on the island was impossible due to annual flooding.

Permanent settlement began in the early 1860s, after gold discoveries in the Boise Basin brought people over the established stage and pack train routes.

Permanent settlement would be delayed by the French and Indian Wars, which ended with the 1763 Treaty of Paris.

Permanent settlement began around 1820 along Patterson Creek which flowed into the Susquehanna and was attractive as a water supply and water power source for sawmills.

Permanent European-American settlement did not take place until after the American Revolution, about 1801, after most of the Iroquois had been forced to cede their lands to New York and had emigrated to Upper Canada.

Permanent European settlement of Greene County began in 1772.

Permanent settlement occurred when Juan de Esquevil This is in part a result of abandonment of plans begun in the early 1960s to develop the town as a cruise ship port and destination.

Permanent English settlement east of the Indian village began.

Permanent settlement had begun in 1838.

Permanent English settlement began after land grants were issued in 1622 to John Mason and Sir Ferdinando Gorges for the territory between the Merrimack and Sagadahoc ( Kennebec ) rivers, roughly encompassing present-day New Hampshire and western Maine.

Permanent white settlement of the northern Alleghenies was facilitated by the explorations and stories of such noted Marylanders as the Indian fighter and trader Thomas Cresap ( 1702 – 90 ) and the backwoodsman and hunter Meshach Browning ( 1781 – 1859 ).

Permanent settlement began in 1836 when squatters arrived in the area known as Whale Head.

Permanent settlement on Lord Howe was established in June 1834 when the British whaling barque Caroline, sailing from New Zealand and commanded by Captain John Blinkenthorpe, landed at what is now known as Blinky Beach.

Permanent European settlement began with the building by a retired sea-captain, Robert W. Graham, of a log hut, Merrimu, hand-cut from the forest, using horizontal-slab wall construction, an adobe floor, weatherboards and a sapling / shingle roof.

Permanent settlement in the Kauhajoki area began in the 16th century and in 1584 chapel was built in Kauhajoki.

Permanent settlement came from French fishermen who overwintered on this, the " French shore ", using rights given under the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht which saw France cede its claims in Newfoundland to Great Britain in exchange for right of use of coastal lands for the fishery.

Permanent French settlement however was hampered by their hostilities with the Iroquois five leagues ( based in New York State ), who were allied with the British and by the early 1650s, using both British and Dutch arms had succeeded in pushing other related Iroquoian speaking peoples, the Petun and Neutral Nation out of or to the fringes of territorial southern Ontario.

In the years that followed, other states subscribed to limitations of their conduct, and numerous other treaties and bodies were created to regulate the conduct of states towards one another in terms of these treaties, including, but not limited to, the Permanent Court of Arbitration in 1899 ; the Hague and Geneva Conventions, the first of which was passed in 1907 ; the International Court of Justice in 1921 ; the Genocide Convention ; and the International Criminal Court, in the late 1990s.

" This is followed by an attempt by the " Crimson Permanent Assurance " to take over the film proper, which is dealt with by dropping a large skyscraper on the Assurance building. Mr. Creosote ( Terry Jones ), with the maître d ' ( John Cleese, right ) and second waiter ( Eric Idle, left )

Cape Town also had its own scene with the Safari Suits, House Wives Choice, Lancaster Band, The News and Permanent Force ( aka Private File after BOSS intervention ) taking the lead, soon followed by the Rude Dementals, Fred Smith Band, Red Army and Riot Squad.

Members are enlisted as ADGs in the Permanent Air Force for an initial period of service of four years ; those joining the Ground Defence Reserve Group are employed on full-time service for 11 months, followed by 4 years part-time service.

Permanent Vacation was followed by 1989's Pump, which was even more successful, selling 7 million copies and producing three Top 10 hits (" Love in an Elevator ", " Janie's Got a Gun ", and " What it Takes ") and one Top 40 hit (" The Other Side ").

His first appointment was as Charge d ’ Affaires in Washington D. C., United States of America followed by First Secretary with the Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York, Consular and Deputy High Commissioner at the High Commission of Malaya in London.

From the 1970s onwards however, they followed a similar path of amalgamation to their UK counterparts, becoming, in 1992, a single entity which was purchased by Irish Life and Permanent in 2002.

The new buildings were opened by Her Grace The Duchess of Abercorn in May 1962, and on the same day the then Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Education announced that a new block would be erected to house the Preparatory Department, and this followed in 1964.

Permanent Sunday host Audie Cornish, who followed the retirement of long-time host Liane Hansen in 2011, has taken a one-year assignment as co-host of All Things Considered, temporarily replacing Michele Norris.

In 1926 he became Governor-General of the Sudan, followed in 1933 by his appointment as Permanent Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies.

A succession of diplomatic posts followed: Ambassador to Senegal from June 1992 to August 1993, Ambassador in Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, and representative to the European Union from August 1993 to April 1996, Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1996 to 1997, Ambassador to the United States from May 1997 to November 1998.

Permanent habitation did not begin until São Vicente was founded in 1532, although temporary trading posts were established earlier to collect brazilwood, used as a dye.

Permanent PSAs may be initially removable ( for example to recover mislabeled goods ) and build adhesion to a permanent bond after several hours or days.

There have been a number of proposals for reform of the calendar, such as the World Calendar, International Fixed Calendar, Holocene calendar, and, recently, the Hanke-Henry Permanent Calendar.

Membership in International Organizations: The major organizations in which Colombia is a member include: the Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean, Andean Pact, Caribbean Development Bank, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Group of 3, Group of 11, Group of 24, Group of 77, Inter-American Development Bank, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Chamber of Commerce, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Criminal Police Organization, International Development Association, International Finance Corporation, International Fund for Agricultural Development, International Labour Organization, International Maritime Organization, International Maritime Satellite Organization, International Monetary Fund ( IMF ), International Olympic Committee, International Organization for Migration, International Organization for Standardization, International Telecommunication Union, International Telecommunications Satellite Organization, International Trade Union Confederation, Latin American Economic System, Latin American Integration Association, Latin Union, Non-Aligned Movement, Organization of American States ( OAS ), Permanent Court of Arbitration, Rio Group, United Nations ( UN ), UN Conference on Trade and Development, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UN Industrial Development Organization, UN Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees, Universal Postal Union, World Confederation of Labour, World Federation of Trade Unions, World Health Organization, World Intellectual Property Organization, World Meteorological Organization, World Tourism Organization, and World Trade Organization.

One member of the Permanent Commission for Human Rights commented on the Americas Watch report and its chief investigator Juan Mendez: " The Sandinistas are laying the groundwork for a totalitarian society here and yet all Mendez wanted to hear about were abuses by the contras.

** Permanent memory ( ROM )- The instructions for in-built functions ( arithmetic operations, square roots, percentages, trigonometry etc.

GCHQ is the responsibility of the UK Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, but it is not a part of the Foreign Office, and its Director ranks as a Permanent Secretary.

The federation had external ties with the World Federation of Trade Unions ( WFTU ), the Permanent Congress for Latin American Workers Trade Union Unity ( Congreso Permanente de Unidad Sindical de Trabajadores de América Latina — CPUSTAL ), and the Central American Committee of Trade Union Unity ( Comité de Unidad Sindical de Centroamérica — CUSCA ).

Permanent residents of Hong Kong with PRC nationality hold a different type of passport, called the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Passport, which is different from that for PRC citizens in Mainland China.

Often enormously complicated matters, ICJ cases ( of which there have been less than 150 since the court was created from the Permanent Court of International Justice in 1945 ) can stretch on for years and generally involve thousands of pages of pleadings, evidence, and the world's leading specialist public international lawyers.

A number of ideas from the International Prize Court can be seen in present day international courts, such as its provision for judges ad hoc, later adopted in the Permanent Court of International Justice and the subsequent International Court of Justice.

Laos is a member of the following international organizations: Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation ( ACCT ), Association of Southeast Asian NationsASEAN, ASEAN Free Trade Area ( AFTA ), ASEAN Regional Forum, Asian Development Bank, Colombo Plan, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific ( ESCAP ), Food and Agriculture Organization ( FAO ), Group of 77G-77, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ( World Bank ), International Civil Aviation Organization ( ICAO ), International Development Association ( IDA ), International Fund for Agricultural Development ( IFAD ), International Finance Corporation ( IFC ), International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, International Labour Organization ( ILO ), International Monetary Fund ( IMF ), Intelsat ( nonsignatory user ), Interpol, International Olympic Commission ( IOC ), International Telecommunication UnionITU, Mekong Group, Non-Aligned Movement ( NAM ), Permanent Court of Arbitration ( PCA ), United Nations, United Nations Convention on Trade and Development ( UNCTAD ), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ), United Nations Industrial Development Organization ( UNIDO ), Universal Postal Union ( UPU ), World Federation of Trade Unions, World Health Organization ( WHO ), World Intellectual Property Organization ( WIPO ), World Meteorological Organization ( WMO ), World Tourism Organization, World Trade Organization ( observer ).

These included the Disarmament Commission, the Health Organization, the International Labour Organization ( ILO ), the Mandates Commission, the International Commission on Intellectual Cooperation ( precursor to UNESCO ), the Permanent Central Opium Board, the Commission for Refugees, and the Slavery Commission.

The Permanent Court of International Justice was provided for by the Covenant, but not established by it.

It participates in the Economic Community of West African States ( ECOWAS ) and the West African Economic Monetary Union ( UEMOA ) for regional economic integration ; Liptako-Gourma Authority, which seeks to develop the contiguous areas of Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso ; the Niger River Commission ; the Permanent Interstate Committee for drought control in the Sahel ( CILSS ); and the Senegal River Valley Development Organization ( OMVS ).