Phrenology also provided reformist arguments for the lunatic asylums of the Victorian era.

Phrenology was among the first attempts to correlate mental functions with specific parts of the brain.

Phrenology soon spread to America as well, where itinerant practical phrenologists assessed the mental well-being of willing customers ( see Sokal, 2001 ).

Phrenology was one of the first to bring about the idea of rehabilitation of criminals instead of vindictive punishments that would not stop criminals, only with the reorganizing a disorganized brain would bring about change.

However, Gall's former student, Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud ( 1796 – 1881 ), kept the localization of function hypothesis alive ( especially with regards to a " language center "), but ended up rejecting most of the Phrenology hypothesis.

Guitarist Ben Kenney, had a short stint with the group and contributed to their Phrenology album, but left to join Incubus as their bassist.

Hip hop artists such as The Roots and Common, associated with the Soulquarians, released albums that incorporated neo soul, Phrenology ( 2002 ) and Electric Circus ( 2003 ).

A staunch defender of this view is William Uttal, who argues in The New Phrenology ( 2003 ) that there are serious philosophical, theoretical, and methodological problems with the entire enterprise of trying to localise cognitive processes in the brain.

Gall, Vimont, Broussais, Roget, Rudolphi, Prichard, Tiedemann ( bound with ) Also Answers to the Objections Urged Against Phrenology, with Dr. A. Combe, Edinburgh, MacLachlan & Stewart, 1838

" Many women admired the book, and " It would augur ill for the rising generation if the mothers of England were infected with the errors of Phrenology: it would augur worse were they tainted with materialism.

Phrenology was first called a pseudoscience in 1843 and continues to be considered so.

Phrenology ( from Greek: φρήν, phrēn, " mind "; and λόγος, logos, " knowledge ") is a pseudoscience primarily focused on measurements of the human skull, based on the concept that the brain is the organ of the mind, and that certain brain areas have localized, specific functions or modules.

Phrenology, which focuses on personality and character, is distinct from craniometry, which is the study of skull size, weight and shape, and physiognomy, the study of facial features.

Phrenology was a complex process that involved feeling the bumps in the skull to determine an individual's psychological attributes.

Phrenology while not always being the most credible was hardly a fringe phenomenon of the era.

Phrenology allowed for self-improvement and upward mobility, while providing fodder for attacks on aristocratic privilege.

Phrenology also had wide appeal because of being a reformist philosophy not a radical one.

Phrenology was not limited to the common people and both Queen Victoria and Prince Albert invited George Combe to read the heads of their children.

Phrenology came about at a time when scientific procedures and standards for acceptable evidence were still being codified.

Phrenology also contributed to development of physical anthropology, forensic medicine, understanding of brain, nervous system and brain anatomy as well as contributing to applied psychology.

Phrenology had been mostly discredited as a scientific theory by the 1840s.

Phrenology from its inception had never stopped being followed by accusations of promoting materialism, atheism and being destructive of morality were also factors that led to the downfall of phrenology.

His main works, The Mental Function of the Brain ( 1901 ) and Scientific Phrenology ( 1902 ) are an appraisal of Gall's teachings.

Phrenology was used as justification for European superiority over other lesser races.

Phrenology also advocated variable prison sentences, the idea being that those who were only defective in education and lacking in morals would soon be released while those who were mentally deficient could be watched and the truly abhorrent criminals would never be released.

Phrenology was introduced at a time when the old theological and philosophical understanding of the mind was being questioned and no longer seemed adequate in a society that was experiencing rapid social and demographic changes.

Phrenology became one of the most popular movements of the Victorian Era.

Phrenology arrived in Ireland in 1815, through Spurzheim.

* Phrenology ( album ) is the fifth studio album by American hip hop band The Roots, released November 26, 2002, on Geffen Records and MCA Records.

* The History of Phrenology on the Web by John van Wyhe, PhD.

* Phrenology: an Overview includes The History of Phrenology by John van Wyhe, PhD.

What provided the initial attractive character of the community eventually contributed to its gentrification and commercialization.

The rich musical possibilities in the poetry of the late 16th and early 17th centuries provided an attractive basis for the madrigal, which quickly rose to prominence as the pre-eminent musical form in Italian musical culture, as discussed by Tim Carter:

Though a popular movement the intellectual elite of the United States found phrenology attractive because it provided a biological explanation of mental processes based on observation, yet it wasn't accepted uncritically.

A more rigorous proof was provided in 1967 by Freeman Dyson and Andrew Lenard, who considered the balance of attractive ( electron – nuclear ) and repulsive ( electron – electron and nuclear – nuclear ) forces and showed that ordinary matter would collapse and occupy a much smaller volume without the Pauli principle.

In more recent times, this has provided difficulties for walkers, where an attractive river-side walk cannot be followed because the towpath changes sides and the ferry is no more.

In a Hall thruster the attractive negative charge is provided by an electron plasma at the open end of the thruster instead of a grid.

Brendan Zietsch of the Queensland Institute of Medical Research proposes the alternative theory that men exhibiting female traits become more attractive to females and are thus more likely to mate, provided the genes involved do not drive them to complete rejection of heterosexuality.

It did make an attractive upgrade for Apple IIe users wanting to use the machine strictly in IIe-emulation mode ( ignoring the native part of the machine ), which provided faster CPU operation, 256 KB RAM, a clock and many built-in peripherals via the back ports.

His friend and co-pilot is Charles C. Charles, aka Hotshot Charlie ( William Tracy ), while the romantic interest is provided by the attractive blonde Burma ( Sandra Spence ).

It did, however, make an attractive upgrade for Apple IIe users wanting to use the machine strictly in IIe-emulation mode ( ignoring the native part of the machine ), which provided faster CPU operation, 256 KB RAM, a clock, and many built-in peripherals via the back ports.

They also provided a moral justification for many paintings of attractive objects.

This is an attractive hypothesis because of the abundance of CH < sub > 4 </ sub > ( methane ) and NH < sub > 3 </ sub > ( ammonia ) present in hydrothermal vent regions, a condition that was not provided by the Earth's primitive atmosphere.

These Coops not only provided attractive low-rise multi-housing mixed income communities but also contributed to the restoration of the heritage homes on this street and won awards for their contribution to Sandy Hill's heritage restoration.

He afterwards wrote of it in his journal: " I had great pleasure in admiring this island, which is very attractive, and where it seems to me that nature has denied nothing to make it pleasurable beyond all islands I have ever seen, being very well provided for man's well-being, with timber, stone, and lime for building him houses, only lacking ploughmen to fill these fine plains.

Upon reaching the age of 30 unmarried, it would have been reasonable to expect that Isabella would never marry, however the Burgundian house of Valois provided her with an attractive offer of marriage in 1428.

Historically, for longer distance movement along the south coast, the M25 in combination with the M2, M20, M23 / A23, A3 / A3 ( M ) and M3 has provided an attractive alternative to the actual south coast route of A259, A27 and M27.

Based on the Howa 1500 bolt action, and initially offered only in standard calibers, the Vanguard provided an attractive alternative for buyers in the market for a sporting bolt action rifle like the Winchester Model 70 or Remington Model 700.

While more costly than stainless steel, the self expanding properties of Nitinol alloys manufactured to BTR ( Body Temperature Response ), have provided an attractive alternative to balloon expandable devices in stent grafts where it gives the ability to adapt to the shape of certain blood vessels when exposed to body temperature.

The department was attractive to Cobb because it already provided first aid and tracked its performance electronically.

The competing entry attempted to play up nationalist sympathies, and give the impression of a security risk by using a Brazilian airframe, provided by EMBRAER, using their more affordable, reliable, and cost effective ( the latter two being questioned ) ERJ 145 platform — Gulfstream's airframe did have longer range and could fly at higher altitudes but the acquisition and operational costs ( main requirements of DoD for ACS platform ) of ERJ 145 were considered much more attractive.

The burn which runs off the Ochils and down through the glen into west of the village provided an attractive source of water for the early textile industry in Tillicoultry, being used for the washing and dying of wool.

They can be large, very attractive, stately plants provided their trash basket of aerial roots is kept trimmed down to bark level and they are in a very large, shallow clay pot.

He provided a number of neat, attractive homes for his employees, many of which are still standing today.

A natural spring within the fort would have provided water to the occupants making it a very attractive spot.