Phrenology also had wide appeal because of being a reformist philosophy not a radical one.

Phrenology from its inception had never stopped being followed by accusations of promoting materialism, atheism and being destructive of morality were also factors that led to the downfall of phrenology.

Phrenology also advocated variable prison sentences, the idea being that those who were only defective in education and lacking in morals would soon be released while those who were mentally deficient could be watched and the truly abhorrent criminals would never be released.

Phrenology also provided reformist arguments for the lunatic asylums of the Victorian era.

Phrenology was also considered a form of physiognomy.

With publication of Phrenology and the Scriptures ( 1850 ), Pierpont became known not only as a reform lecturer, but also as an expert on phrenology and spiritualism.

He also received a massive sabre-wound down the entire length of his face, which caused the Phrenology enthusiasts of his era to suggest " cranial sabre-wounds " were responsible for his amazing chess skill.

Guitarist Ben Kenney, had a short stint with the group and contributed to their Phrenology album, but left to join Incubus as their bassist.

Phrenology was introduced at a time when the old theological and philosophical understanding of the mind was being questioned and no longer seemed adequate in a society that was experiencing rapid social and demographic changes.

Phrenology was among the first attempts to correlate mental functions with specific parts of the brain.

Phrenology ( from Greek: φρήν, phrēn, " mind "; and λόγος, logos, " knowledge ") is a pseudoscience primarily focused on measurements of the human skull, based on the concept that the brain is the organ of the mind, and that certain brain areas have localized, specific functions or modules.

Phrenology was one of the first to bring about the idea of rehabilitation of criminals instead of vindictive punishments that would not stop criminals, only with the reorganizing a disorganized brain would bring about change.

* of Phrenology Open Content Alliance eBook Collection, Manual of phrenology: being an analytical summary of the system of Doctor Gall, on the faculties of man and the functions of the brain: translated from the 4th French ed

Initially, Franz Joseph Gall ( 1758 – 1828 ) claimed his very popular theory of Phrenology and localization of function in the brain, but it was attacked by Pierre Flourens ( 1794 – 1867 ) who claimed that, by careful ablation of various brain regions, he had disproved Gall's hypotheses.

Phrenology was the faulty science of looking at head shape to determine different aspects of personality and brain function.

A staunch defender of this view is William Uttal, who argues in The New Phrenology ( 2003 ) that there are serious philosophical, theoretical, and methodological problems with the entire enterprise of trying to localise cognitive processes in the brain.

Phrenology began as " organology ", a theory of brain structure developed by the German physician, Franz Joseph Gall ( 1758 – 1828 ).

* A System of Phrenology Open Content Alliance eBook Collection, George Combe's A system of phrenology

* Historical Deadwood Newspaper accounts of C. R. Broadbent well known speaker on Phrenology and Physiology visit Deadwood SD 1878

Phrenology soon spread to America as well, where itinerant practical phrenologists assessed the mental well-being of willing customers ( see Sokal, 2001 ).

Phrenology was first called a pseudoscience in 1843 and continues to be considered so.

Phrenology, which focuses on personality and character, is distinct from craniometry, which is the study of skull size, weight and shape, and physiognomy, the study of facial features.

Phrenology was a complex process that involved feeling the bumps in the skull to determine an individual's psychological attributes.

Phrenology while not always being the most credible was hardly a fringe phenomenon of the era.

Phrenology allowed for self-improvement and upward mobility, while providing fodder for attacks on aristocratic privilege.

Phrenology was not limited to the common people and both Queen Victoria and Prince Albert invited George Combe to read the heads of their children.

Phrenology came about at a time when scientific procedures and standards for acceptable evidence were still being codified.

Phrenology provided an attractive, biological alternative that attempted to unite all mental phenomena and treat them with consistent biological terms.

Phrenology had been mostly discredited as a scientific theory by the 1840s.

His main works, The Mental Function of the Brain ( 1901 ) and Scientific Phrenology ( 1902 ) are an appraisal of Gall's teachings.

Phrenology was used as justification for European superiority over other lesser races.

Phrenology became one of the most popular movements of the Victorian Era.

Phrenology arrived in Ireland in 1815, through Spurzheim.

* Phrenology ( album ) is the fifth studio album by American hip hop band The Roots, released November 26, 2002, on Geffen Records and MCA Records.

* The History of Phrenology on the Web by John van Wyhe, PhD.

* Phrenology: an Overview includes The History of Phrenology by John van Wyhe, PhD.

Since you contributed more than half of his support, you may also claim an exemption for him on your return.

Shumway & Sons Foundry in Batavia, Illinois, which also contributed to casting the molds for the Vince Lombardi Trophy and Emmy Awards statuettes.

While accompanying Mallowan on countless archaeological trips ( spending up to 3 – 4 months at a time in Syria and Iraq at excavation sites at Ur, Ninevah, Tell Arpachiyah, Chagar Bazar, Tell Brak, and Nimrud ), Christie not only wrote novels and short stories, but also contributed work to the archaeological sites, more specifically to the archaeological restoration and labeling of ancient exhibits which includes tasks such as cleaning and conserving delicate ivory pieces, reconstructing pottery, developing photos from early excavations which later led to taking photographs of the site and its findings, and taking field notes.

Inevitably, the surviving evidence is not complete enough to determine whether one should interpret, with older scholars, that he wisely curtailed the activities of the Roman Empire to a careful minimum, or perhaps that he was uninterested in events away from Rome and Italy and his inaction contributed to the pressing troubles that faced not only Marcus Aurelius but also the emperors of the third century.

Pilot's keyboardist Billy Lyall also contributed.

Gaudí's assistants Domènec Sugrañes i Gras, Josep Canaleta y Joan Rubió also contributed to the renovation project.

Lavoisier also contributed to early ideas on composition and chemical changes by stating the radical theory, believing that radicals, which function as a single group in a chemical process, combine with oxygen in reactions.

Moreover, Carnegie urged other wealthy people to contributed to society in the form of parks, works of art, libraries and other endeavors that improved the community, and contributed to the “ lasting good ” Carnegie also held a strong opinion against inherited wealth.

Independent battalions were also deployed as ' stiffeners ' for infantry divisions, and the StuG III's anti-tank capabilities contributed greatly to the German's ability to draw out World War II after they had lost the strategic initiative.

According to D. C. Congressional Delegate Eleanor Holmes Norton, Hill's treatment by the panel also contributed to the large number of women elected to Congress in 1992, " women clearly went to the polls with the notion in mind that you had to have more women in Congress ", she said.

From the 1960s, pieds-noirs ( French citizens living in the north African colonies ), immigrants chiefly from the Maghreb, and continental French people also contributed to the increase.

A change in market conditions also contributed to Borland's fall from prominence.

Diet, exercise, smoking and other environmental factors may have also contributed to their disease.

It was one of two antiquities of Hamilton's collection drawn for him by Francesco Progenie, a pupil of Pietro Fabris, who also contributed a number of drawings of Mount Vesuvius sent by Hamilton to the Royal Society in London.

Lesser migrations of Scandinavians, Portuguese, Greeks, Italians, Spanish, Polish, Scots, English, Jews, Russians and Irish immigrants also contributed to this ethnic mix.

Ridenhour also contributed ( as Chuck D ) to several episodes of the PBS documentary series The Blues.

Large urban centers, such as Nanjing and Beijing, also contributed to the growth of private industry.

Philips also contributed eight-to-fourteen modulation ( EFM ), which offers both a long playing time and a certain resilience to defects such as scratches and fingerprints, while Sony contributed the error-correction method, CIRC.

Philipp Lenard also contributed a great deal to cathode ray theory, winning the Nobel prize for physics in 1905 for his research on cathode rays and their properties.

The main Zebu breed which contributed to the formation to the Canchim was the Indubrazil, although Guzerá and Nelore cattle where also used.

The Nobel Prize laureate I. Metchnikoff also contributed to the study of the field with investigations of the process as an initial step of phagocytosis.

Famed Western writer Max Brand contributed the novel, Destry Rides Again, but the film also owes its origins to Brand's serial " Twelve Peers ", published in a pulp-magazine.

Pressure by Ann Ming, the mother of 1989 murder victim Julie Hogg — whose killer, William Dunlop, was initially acquitted in 1991 and subsequently confessed — also contributed to the demand for legal change.