The account in Germania is inconsistent with Strabo's and Pliny's on a major point.

Another difficulty is that manuscripts of early writers were often incomplete: it is apparent that Bede had access to Pliny's Encyclopedia, for example, but it seems that the version he had was missing book xviii, as he would almost certainly have quoted from it in his De temporum ratione.

Claudius is the source for numerous passages of Pliny's Natural History.

In Pliny's Natural History ( 7. 198 ) he is credited with inventing carpentry " and with it the saw, axe, plumb-line, drill, glue, and isinglass ".

As those Gutones are put forward as Pliny's interpretation, not Pytheas ’, the early date is unconfirmed, but not necessarily invalid.

Pliny's description of the exposed portion of the tomb is intractable ; Pliny, it seems clear, had not observed this structure himself, but is quoting the historian and Roman antiquarian Varro.

However, the description of the wine would also fit, for example, Dureza, and Pliny's observation that the vines of Allobrogica was resistant to cold is not entirely consistent with Syrah.

The work is dedicated to the emperor Titus, son of Pliny's close friend, the emperor Vespasian, in the first year of Titus's reign.

Some scholars identify it with the Dirce bull mentioned in Pliny's Natural History, but this is disputed.

Pliny's date, 364 BC, is probably that of one of his most noted works.

Among very few representations of Protesilaus, a sculpture by Deinomenes is just a passing mention in Pliny's Natural History ; the outstanding surviving examples are two Roman copies of a lost mid-fifth century Greek bronze original represent Protesilaus at his defining moment, one of them in a torso the British Museum, the other at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

In order to reconcile these conflicting statements, some suppose that Pliny's date is wrong and that the statue of Heracles had been made by Ageladas long before it was set up at Melite.

Others think that Pliny's date is correct, but that Ageladas did not make the statues of the Olympic victors mentioned by Pausanias until many years after their victories ; which in the case of three persons, the dates of whose victories are so nearly the same, would be a very extraordinary coincidence.

It seems generally agreed that Pliny's account of the matter is correct in most of the particulars ; and there have been various dissertations on the way in which a statue of Venus could have been changed into one of Nemesis.

It is unclear from Pliny's description whether both Greek statues had originally represented the same Greek deity.

Lorenzo, furthermore, is not only magnificent but, as was Alexander in Pliny's story, also magnanimous, as well.

Although Pliny's treatment of the subject is more extensive, Theophrastus is more systematic and his work is comparatively free from fable and magic.

In antiquity, it covered more-or-less anything which is connected with nature or which uses materials drawn from nature ; see for example the contents of Pliny's encyclopedia of this title, published circa 77 to 79 AD.

Next to Phidias, Myron and Kresilas, he is considered the most important sculptor of Classical antiquity: the 4th-century catalogue attributed to Xenocrates ( the " Xenocratic catalogue "), which was Pliny's guide in matters of art, ranked him between Phidias and Myron.

Pliny's remark that Myron's works were numerosior than those of Polycleitus and " more diligent " seem to suggest that they were considered more harmonious in proportions ( numeri ) and at the same time more convincing in their realism: diligentia connoted " attentive care to fine points ", a quality that, in moderation, was characteristic of the best works of art, according to critics in Antiquity.

Until that time, Pliny's work Historia Naturalis was the main source of information on metals and mining techniques, and Agricola made numerous references to the Roman encyclopedia.

* Pliny the Elder ( 23 – 79 CE ), ancient Roman nobleman, scientist and historian, author of Naturalis Historia, " Pliny's Natural History "

Pliny's Natural History affirmed that the " Imperial Porphyry " had been discovered at an isolated site in Egypt in AD 18, by a Roman legionary named Caius Cominius Leugas.

Pliny's Natural History and the epigram writer Martial both credit Cnaeus Matius Calvinus, in the circle of Julius Caesar, with introducing the first topiary to Roman gardens, and Pliny the Younger describes in a letter the elaborate figures of animals, inscriptions, cyphers and obelisks in clipped greens at his Tuscan villa ( Epistle vi, to Apollinaris ).

The Villa Madama was the first of the revived Roman type of suburban villas designed for parties and entertainment built in 16th century Rome, and it was consciously conceived to rival descriptions of the villas of Antiquity, like Pliny's famous description of his own.

The oldest reference to Himilco's voyage is a brief mention in Pliny's Natural History ( 2. 169a ) by the Roman scholar Pliny the Elder.

Both Pliny's Natural History and Lucian's Philopseudes described Roman marbles of a Diadumenos copied from Greek originals in bronze, yet it was not recognized until 1878 that the Roman marble from Vaison-la-Romaine ( Roman Vasio ) in the British Museum and two others recreate the lost Polyclitan bronze original.

Although there were earlier works of similar nature, by Marcus Terentius Varro for example, Pliny's was the only one to survive the Dark Ages.

May I say that you have just demonstrated the truth of an old proverb -- the younger Pliny's, if memory serves me -- which, translated freely from the archaic Latin, says, ' The more haste, the less peed ' ''.

The elder Domitia Lucilla had inherited a great fortune ( described at length in one of Pliny's letters ) from her maternal grandfather and her paternal grandfather by adoption.

" Pliny's " Seven Seas " were interlinked coastal lagoons, separated from the open sea by sandspits and barrier islands.

From the nine surviving bematists ' measurements in Pliny's Naturalis Historia eight show a deviation of less than 5 % from the actual distance, three of them being within 1 %.

If emotion threatened to get the better of her she excused herself from the room and would, in Pliny's words, " give herself to sorrow ," then return to her husband with a calm demeanor.

Milner observes that it was " one of the most popular Latin technical works from Antiquity, rivalling the elder Pliny's Natural History in the number of surviving copies dating from before AD 1300.

The name ' Evodia ' may in turn originate from the seven ' Haemodae ' of uncertain identification in Pliny's Natural History ( IV 16 ( 30 ) or Pomponius Mela's Chronographia ( III 6, 54 ).

* John J. Popovic, " Apelles, the greatest painter of Antiquity " Source quotes from Pliny's Natural History.

Milner observes that it was " one of the most popular Latin technical works from Antiquity, rivalling the elder Pliny's Natural History in the number of surviving copies dating from before AD 1300.

The greater part is taken from Pliny's Natural History and the geography of Pomponius Mela.

Narnia is inhabited by Marsh-wiggles ( creatures of Lewis ' own invention ), and Dufflepuds ( adapted from Pliny's Monopods ) live on a distant island.

Pliny's Natural History records the westward progress of the plane " introduced among us from a foreign clime for nothing but its shade ", planted first at the tomb of Diomedes on the island of Tremiti, then imported to Greek Sicily by Dionysius the Elder ( c. 432-367 BC ), tyrant of Syracuse.

The Hyantes, descendants of Hyas — or rather of the Hyades, for the fertility of rain-nymphs needs no male consort — were the original (" Pelasgian ") inhabitants of Boeotia, from which country they were expelled by the followers of Cadmus ( Peck ; Pliny's Natural History, iv. 12 ).

Pliny's obscure reference may be to the statue of Attus Navius in front of the Curia Hostilia: he stood with his lituus raised in an attitude that connected the Ficus Navia and the accompanying representation of the she-wolf to the Ficus Ruminalis, " as if " the tree had crossed from one space to the other.

Presently it is thought that the mythological character Lusus derives from a mistranslation of the expression lusum enin Liberi patris (" from lusus father Liber derives "), in Pliny's Naturalis Historia.

:* Extracts from Pliny's Natural History