He had plane-trees conveyed to the city of Rhegium ( Reggio di Calabria ), where they were looked upon as the great marvel of his palace, according to Pliny's sources.

In the 1st century AD, the Iazyges settled in the west of Dacia, on the plain between the Danube and the Tisza rivers, according to some scholars ' interpretation of Pliny's text: “ The higher parts between the Danube and the Hercynian Forest ( Black Forest ) as far as the winter quarters of Pannonia at Carnuntum and the plains and level country of the German frontiers there are occupied by the Sarmatian Iazyges, while the Dacians whom they have driven out hold the mountains and forests as far as the river Theiss ”.

However, the description of the wine would also fit, for example, Dureza, and Pliny's observation that the vines of Allobrogica was resistant to cold is not entirely consistent with Syrah.

In antiquity, it covered more-or-less anything which is connected with nature or which uses materials drawn from nature ; see for example the contents of Pliny's encyclopedia of this title, published circa 77 to 79 AD.

The account in Germania is inconsistent with Strabo's and Pliny's on a major point.

geographers as having no heads, their mouths and eyes being in their breasts, generally identified with Pliny's Blemmyae.

In Pliny's Natural History ( 7. 198 ) he is credited with inventing carpentry " and with it the saw, axe, plumb-line, drill, glue, and isinglass ".

In Pliny's letter, written in AD 112, he asks Trajan if the accused Christians brought before him should be punished based on the name ‘ Christian ’ alone, or for crimes associated with the name.

Pliny's Natural History recommended stewing them with honey and noted three dozen varieties.

Pliny's father died at an early age when his son was still young ; as a result, Pliny probably lived with his mother.

Some scholars identify it with the Dirce bull mentioned in Pliny's Natural History, but this is disputed.

If emotion threatened to get the better of her she excused herself from the room and would, in Pliny's words, " give herself to sorrow ," then return to her husband with a calm demeanor.

Provided with a human face and a scaly tail, as in Dante's vision of Geryon in Inferno xvii. 7 – 17, 25 – 27, hybrid monsters, more akin to the Manticore of Pliny's Natural History ( viii. 90 ), provided iconic representations of hypocrisy and fraud well into the seventeenth century, through an emblemmatic representation in Cesare Ripa's Iconologia.

They also appear in Pliny the Elder's Natural History, together with Moses, as famous magicians of antiquity ; Pliny's citation is also referred to in Apuleius.

According to Mommsen, Solinus also used a chronicle ( possibly by Cornelius Bocchus ) and a Chorographia pliniana, an epitome of Pliny's work with additions made about the time of Hadrian.

In Pliny's account, Menes was credited with being the inventor of writing in Egypt.

Pliny's Natural History and the epigram writer Martial both credit Cnaeus Matius Calvinus, in the circle of Julius Caesar, with introducing the first topiary to Roman gardens, and Pliny the Younger describes in a letter the elaborate figures of animals, inscriptions, cyphers and obelisks in clipped greens at his Tuscan villa ( Epistle vi, to Apollinaris ).

In medieval herbals, along with De Materia Medica it is Pliny's work that is the most frequently mentioned of the classical texts, even though the work De Simplicibus of Galen ( 131 – 201 CE ) is more detailed and notable.

In the 16th century, Olaus Magnus, a Swedish cartographer who was familiar with Pliny's writings, created a map where he placed the name " Scandia " in the middle of today's Sweden.

" Lemprière's Classical Dictionary reinforces Pliny's account of Endymion's attachment to astronomy and cites it as the source of why Endymion was said to have a relationship with the moon as she passed by.

Pliny's judgment that Silius wrote poetry maiore cura quam ingenio, " with more eagerness than genius " has encouraged the view that Silius is a talented but mediocre and uninspired poet.

) Pliny's idiocy drives Histor to insanity and, eventually, he murders him by stuffing him with eggs until he bursts, as he keeps using the word " egg " so it has no connection or relation to the context of what Histor was saying, ( only for Histor to be subsequently haunted by Pliny's equally pun-obsessed ghost ).

A running joke in this segment was that despite Pliny's apparent idiocy, he would occasionally counter Histor's right-wing views with extraordinarily eloquent and well constructed left-wing arguments.

Pliny's complaint was made in the context of Rome spending enormous amounts for importing India's ' useless ' pepper and pearls, as worn by Lollia Paulina even around her shoes.

Pytheas described his travels in a work that has not survived ; only excerpts remain, quoted or paraphrased by later authors, most familiarly in Strabo's Geographica, Pliny's Natural History and passages in Diodorus of Sicily's history.

It has been speculated that the plant may also have functioned as a contraceptive, based partly on Pliny's statement that it could be used " to promote the menstrual discharge ".

Pliny's description of Laocoön as " a work to be preferred to all that the arts of painting and sculpture have produced " has led to a tradition which debates this claim that the sculpture is the greatest of all artworks.

The area described by Tacitus has therefore sometimes been treated as being the equivalent of Pliny's island Scatinavia, although variants on Scandiae and Scandinavia are not names used by Tacitus for this region.

The elder Domitia Lucilla had inherited a great fortune ( described at length in one of Pliny's letters ) from her maternal grandfather and her paternal grandfather by adoption.

Among very few representations of Protesilaus, a sculpture by Deinomenes is just a passing mention in Pliny's Natural History ; the outstanding surviving examples are two Roman copies of a lost mid-fifth century Greek bronze original represent Protesilaus at his defining moment, one of them in a torso the British Museum, the other at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

In order to reconcile these conflicting statements, some suppose that Pliny's date is wrong and that the statue of Heracles had been made by Ageladas long before it was set up at Melite.

Pliny's remark that Myron's works were numerosior than those of Polycleitus and " more diligent " seem to suggest that they were considered more harmonious in proportions ( numeri ) and at the same time more convincing in their realism: diligentia connoted " attentive care to fine points ", a quality that, in moderation, was characteristic of the best works of art, according to critics in Antiquity.

Pliny's Natural History affirmed that the " Imperial Porphyry " had been discovered at an isolated site in Egypt in AD 18, by a Roman legionary named Caius Cominius Leugas.

Pliny's Natural History records the westward progress of the plane " introduced among us from a foreign clime for nothing but its shade ", planted first at the tomb of Diomedes on the island of Tremiti, then imported to Greek Sicily by Dionysius the Elder ( c. 432-367 BC ), tyrant of Syracuse.

Of his prose works the most distinguished for animation and eloquence is the Panegyric on Trajan, composed in a transport of indignation at the supposed feebleness of Pliny's eulogium.

There was only one in Egypt and one in Asia Minor, as Pliny's letters to Trajan attest.

May I say that you have just demonstrated the truth of an old proverb -- the younger Pliny's, if memory serves me -- which, translated freely from the archaic Latin, says, ' The more haste, the less peed ' ''.

Another difficulty is that manuscripts of early writers were often incomplete: it is apparent that Bede had access to Pliny's Encyclopedia, for example, but it seems that the version he had was missing book xviii, as he would almost certainly have quoted from it in his De temporum ratione.

Claudius is the source for numerous passages of Pliny's Natural History.

Although there were earlier works of similar nature, by Marcus Terentius Varro for example, Pliny's was the only one to survive the Dark Ages.

Until that time, Pliny's work Historia Naturalis was the main source of information on metals and mining techniques, and Agricola made numerous references to the Roman encyclopedia.

In Pliny's only other mention of the Gutones, he states that the Vandals are one of the five races of Germany, and that the Vandals include the Burgodiones, the Varinnae, the Charini and the Gutones.

As those Gutones are put forward as Pliny's interpretation, not Pytheas ’, the early date is unconfirmed, but not necessarily invalid.

Pliny's Natural History mentions four ancient labyrinths: the Cretan labyrinth, an Egyptian labyrinth, a Lemnian labyrinth and an Italian labyrinth.

Pliny's description of the exposed portion of the tomb is intractable ; Pliny, it seems clear, had not observed this structure himself, but is quoting the historian and Roman antiquarian Varro.

Pliny's documentation was the last significant contribution to ichthyology until the European Renaissance.

Pliny's uncle, Pliny the Elder, helped raise and educate him.

When Pliny the Younger was 18, his uncle Pliny died attempting to rescue victims of the Vesuvius eruption, and the terms of the Elder Pliny's will passed his estate to his nephew.

Pliny's career is commonly considered as a summary of the main Roman public charges and is the best-documented example from this period, offering proof for many aspects of imperial culture.

In Pliny's time, 49 independent communities still existed in Umbria, and the abundance of inscriptions and the high proportion of recruits in the imperial army attest to its population.

The word " alumen " occurs in Pliny's Natural History.