The name is derived from the type genus Apium, which was originally used by Pliny the Elder circa 50 AD for a celery-like plant.

This image of a fully mature " Venus rising from the sea " ( Venus Anadyomene ) was one of the iconic representations of Aphrodite, made famous in a much-admired painting by Apelles, now lost, but described in the Natural History of Pliny the Elder.

According to The Natural History " by Pliny the Elder:

According to Suetonius who had cited from Pliny the Elder, Agrippina had borne to Germanicus, a son called Gaius Julius Caesar who had a lovable character.

She was a beautiful and reputable woman and according to Pliny the Elder, she had a double canine in her upper right jaw, a sign of good fortune.

According to Pliny the Elder, in 467 BCE a large meteorite landed near Aegospotami.

The amphisbaena has been referred to by the poets, such as Nicander, John Milton, Alexander Pope, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, and A. E. Housman, and the amphisbaena as a mythological and legendary creature has been referenced by Lucan, Pliny the Elder, Isidore of Seville, and Thomas Browne, the last of whom debunked its existence.

< div align = right >-- Pliny the Elder.

He might also have been influenced by the name of a legendary island mentioned in The Natural History by Pliny the Elder.

The accounts of historians Herodotus, Pliny the Elder, and Strabo suggest that boats were being used for commerce and traveling.

He knew patristic literature, as well as Pliny the Elder, Virgil, Lucretius, Ovid, Horace and other classical writers.

The Roman geographer Pliny the Elder ( ca.

* Pliny the Elder Naturalis Historia ( ca.

The earliest bestiary in the form in which it was later popularized was an anonymous 2nd century Greek volume called the Physiologus, which itself summarized ancient knowledge and wisdom about animals in the writings of classical authors such as Aristotle's Historia Animalium and various works by Herodotus, Pliny the Elder, Solinus, Aelian and other naturalists.

Much of the early development of purification methods is described by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia.

Composting as a recognized practice dates to at least the early Roman Empire since Pliny the Elder ( AD 23-79 ).

Pliny the Elder notes that several of them were richer than Crassus, the richest man of the Republican era.

The event was witnessed by Pliny the Elder:

According to Pliny the Elder in Achaea, the garland worn by the winners of the sacred Nemean Games was also made of celery.

There are few direct testimonies to the language of the Cimbri: Referring to the Northern Ocean ( the Baltic or the North Sea ), Pliny the Elder states: " Philemon says that it is called Morimarusa, i. e. the Dead Sea, by the Cimbri, until the promontory of Rubea, and after that Cronium.

He began the aqueducts Aqua Claudia and Anio Novus, which Pliny the Elder considered engineering marvels.

All surviving sources, except Pliny the Elder, characterize Caligula as insane.

This diagnosis is mainly attributed to Caligula's irritability and his " stare " as described by Pliny the Elder.

Aelian's anecdotes on animals rarely depend on direct observation: they are almost entirely taken from written sources, often Pliny the Elder, but also other authors and works now lost, to whom he is thus a valuable witness.

Pytheas's account was noted later by other writers including Pliny the Elder and Diodorus Siculus.

Ancient Romans, such as Pliny the Elder ( Natural History, 3. 5 ) and Varro ( cited by Pliny ), speculated that the name Lusitania was of Roman origin, as when Pliny says lusum enim liberi patris aut lyssam cum eo bacchantium nomen dedisse lusitaniae et pana praefectum eius universae: that Lusitania takes its name from the lusus associated with Bacchus and the lyssa of his Bacchantes, and that Pan is its governor.

Another city, on the southeast coast of the island at Meninx, was a major producer of murex dye, cited by Pliny the Elder as second only to Tyre in this respect ; substantial amounts of coloured marble testify to its wealth.

Suel was identified by the Roman historian, Pomponius Mela, as one of the towns of the coast, and was cited by Pliny in the 1st century AD as a fortified town or oppidum.

This Roman settlement is most certainly the mysterious Eburobrittium, cited by Pliny the Elder as situated between Collipo ( near present-day Leiria ) and Olisipo ( Lisbon ).

Under the Roman dominion, Aegilium Insula or Igillia Insula it was an important base in the Tyrrhenian Sea, and was cited briefly by Julius Caesar in his De Bello Civili, by Pliny, by Pomponius Mela, and by the fifth-century AD poet Rutilius Claudius Namatianus, who celebrated Igilium's successful repulse of the Getae and safe harbor for Romans, in a time when Igilium's slopes were still wooded:

Anaxilaus wrote about the " magical " properties of minerals, herbs, and other substances and derived drugs, and is cited by Pliny in this regard.

The names " Sipylus " or " Sipylum " are mentioned by Pliny the Elder, supported by other sources, as the site of a very celebrated city called " Tantalis " or " the city of Tantalus ", by the name of its cited founder.

Common Rue is said to promote the onset of menstruation and of uterine contractions ; for this reason the refined oil of rue was cited by the Roman historian Pliny the Elder and the gynecologist Soranus as a potent abortifacient ( inducing abortion ).

The Coelerni are know from few literary sources, such as Pliny and Ptolemy, and because they appear as one of the ten civitates of the convent Bracarensis that are cited in the Inscription of the Peoples of Chaves ( the Roman Aquae Flaviae ), a column in the Roman bridge in Chaves where those people rend homage to Emperor Vespasian.

The Thermae of Suio, some kilometers outside the city, are known since very ancient times, as they are cited by both Pliny the Elder and Lucanus.

Writers such as Strabo or Pliny the Elder cited the astonishing amount of snakes inhabiting them.

Material from this book is quoted directly or indirectly by Diodorus Siculus, Strabo, Pliny the Elder, Aelian ( Claudius Aelianus ) and other authors.

The twelfth, thirteenth, and fourteenth books are largely based on the writings of Pliny and Solinus ; whilst the lost Prata of Suetonius, which can be partly pieced together from its quoted passages in Etymolgiae, seems to have inspired the general plan of the " Etymologiae ", as well as many of its details.

Following Aristotle and Theophrastus, he wrote books on the natural history of animals and plants, which were frequently quoted by Pliny the Elder.

The works of Nicander were praised by Cicero ( De oratore, i. 16 ), imitated by Ovid and Lucan, and frequently quoted by Pliny and other writers.

* Diagoras a Greek physician quoted in Natural History of Pliny

He made a collection of the speeches and letters of the Romans of the older republican period, probably including a corpus of proceedings of the senate ( res gesta senatus ), and was the author of a memoir, chiefly dealing with the natural history and geography of the East, which is often quoted by Pliny as source of miraculous occurrences.

Another was a Greek surgeon and medical author who lived in or before the 3rd century BC and apparently wrote about fractures and joint dislocations ; if he is the same as an Evenor quoted by Pliny the Elder, he also wrote about the medicinal properties of plants.

Gallus was a man of great learning, an excellent Greek scholar, and in his later years devoted himself to the study of astronomy, on which subject he is quoted as an authority by Pliny.