Among ancient sources, the poet Simonides, another near-contemporary, says the campaign force numbered 200, 000 ; while a later writer, the Roman Cornelius Nepos estimates 200, 000 infantry and 10, 000 cavalry, of which only 100, 000 fought in the battle, while the rest were loaded into the fleet that was rounding Cape Sounion ; Plutarch and Pausanias both independently give 300, 000, as does the Suda dictionary.

While interest in Plato was increasing in Florence during Machiavelli's lifetime he also does not show particular interest in him, but was indirectly influenced by his readings of authors such as Polybius, Plutarch and Cicero.

In Plutarch, following as he does the anti-democratic line common in elite sources, the fact that people might be recalled early appears to be another example of the inconsistency of majoritarianism that was characteristic of Athenian democracy.

Since it was his long-standing advocacy of Athenian naval power which enabled the Allied fleet to fight at all, and it was his stratagem that brought about the Battle of Salamis, it is probably not an exaggeration to say, as Plutarch does, that Themistocles " is thought to have been the man most instrumental in achieving the salvation of Hellas ".

Xenophon explicitly denies it, as does Plutarch.

He lived a life of cheerful simplicity, and Plutarch, who wrote a detailed biography of Crates which unfortunately does not survive, records what sort of man Crates was:

Plutarch unfortunately, does not give us any further details, and contented himself with describing the well-known assumption of Xenocrates, that the soul is a self-moving number.

Livy avoids the word " sacrifice " in connection with this bloodless human life-offering ; Plutarch does not.

Plutarch, who does not believe that Alexander was murdered, cites as the authority behind these rumours one Hagnothemis, who overheard Antigonus discuss the matter.

Thucydides did not mention it, however Herodotus does, as does Plutarch, who thought it had either been signed after the Battle of the Eurymedon in 466 BC, or that it had never been signed at all.

According to Plutarch they called themselves Ambrones, but this does not necessarily indicate a relationship with the Ambrones of northern Europe.

Plutarch was also primarily interested in moral lessons from history, rather than actually detailing history in depth, and thus his description of the battle does not go into great detail.

In his description of the battle, Plutarch does not describe the preliminary manoeuvring that must have occurred in 301 BC before the battle, so it is unclear how events unfolded.

The account is given by Plutarch in a dialogue where the fundamental point seems to be that the superiority of heterosexual love does not imply condemnation of homosexuality.

Diodorus however does not have anything to say about the sexual orientation of Epaminondas or the Sacred Band, nor does he say anything about the following account, again from Plutarch ( Amatorius 17 ).

Plutarch gives no further biographical details for Hagnothemis, but he does state that, according to his account, Antipater undertook the assassination at Aristotle's instigation, and that it was Aristotle who procured the poison.

Plutarch explicitly states that Eurydice was an Illyrian, so does Libanius and thus is stated in the massive 10th century Byzantine encyclopedia, Suda.

Plutarch mentions that the Athenians saw the phantom of King Theseus, the mythical hero of Athens, leading the army in full battle gear in the charge against the Persians, and indeed he was depicted in the mural of the Stoa Poikile fighting for the Athenians, along with the twelve Olympian gods and other heroes.

Plutarch also reports the last words of Brutus, quoted by a Greek tragedy " O wretched Virtue, thou wert but a name, and yet I worshipped thee as real indeed ; but now, it seems, thou were but fortune's slave.

It was indeed to Plutarch that Amyot devoted his attention.

This was inferred from Plutarch, who wrote that Alcibiades had his galley bed hung from ropes, but did not specifically describe it as a net or sling.

Strabo and Plutarch describe Artashat as a large and beautiful city and call it the " Armenian Carthage ".

The phrase may describe Greek efforts to explain others ' beliefs and myths, as when Herodotus describes Egyptian religion in terms of perceived Greek analogues, or when Dionysius of Halicarnassus and Plutarch document Roman cults, temples, and practices under the names of equivalent Greek deities.

Plutarch goes on to describe how Theseus erected a pillar on the Isthmus of Corinth, which bears an inscription of two lines.

A fresh Theban expedition into Thessaly, under Epaminondas resulted, according to Plutarch, in a three-year truce and the release of prisoners, including Pelopidas.

Plutarch states it to have been fear of her husband, together with hatred of his cruel and brutal character, and ascribes these feelings principally to the representations of Pelopidas, when she visited him in his prison.

Plutarch says that this incident firmly cemented their friendship, and Pelopidas would be Epaminondas's partner in politics for the next twenty years.

* Plutarch, " Pelopidas ," 20 – 23

According to Plutarch, upon seeing the Spartans, one of Thebans allegedly told Pelopidas " We are fallen into our enemy's hands ;" to which Pelopidas replied, " And why not they into ours?

Plutarch in his Life of Pelopidas said this was Gorgidas ' inspiration: " Since the lovers, ashamed to be base in sight of their beloved, and the beloved before their lovers, willingly rush into danger for the relief of one another.

According to the historian Plutarch ( in his Livesof the Gracchi ), only Scipio Nasica was directly involved in leading the senators to kill Tiberius.

During the years that followed Porson continued to contribute to the leading reviews, writing in the Monthly Review the articles on Joseph Robertson's Parian Chronicle, Thomas Edwards's Plutarch on Education, and Richard Payne Knight's Essay on the Greek Alphabet.

Plutarch mentions the Carians as being referred to as " cocks " by the Persians on account of their wearing crests on their helmets ; the epithet was expressed in the form of a Persian privilege when a Carian soldier responsible for killing Cyrus the Younger was rewarded by Artaxerxes II ( r. 405 / 404 – 359 / 358 BC ) with the honor of leading the Persian army with a golden cock on the point of his spear.

Archidamus III, king of Sparta, fell beneath its walls in 338 BC, while leading the army of the latter ( Manduria is also referred to as " Mandonion " in works by the Greek and Roman historian Plutarch ).

Plutarch also states that Spartans treated the Helots " harshly and cruelly ": they compelled them to drink pure wine ( which was considered dangerous – wine usually being cut with water ) "... and to lead them in that condition into their public halls, that the children might see what a sight a drunken man is ; they made them to dance low dances, and sing ridiculous songs ..." during syssitia ( obligatory banquets ).

Though not explicitly stated, this was probably the Spartan attack on Mantinea in 385 BC, as described by Xenophon ; Plutarch tells us that Epaminondas was there as part of a Theban force aiding the Spartans, so this battle fits the description.

The only histories of Sparta are from the writings of Xenophon, Thucydides, Herodotus and Plutarch, none of whom were Spartans.

Plutarch also states that Spartans treated the Helots " harshly and cruelly ": they compelled them to drink pure wine ( which was considered dangerous-wine usually being diluted with water ) "… and to lead them in that condition into their public halls, that the children might see what a sight a drunken man is ; they made them to dance low dances, and sing ridiculous songs …" during syssitia ( obligatory banquets ) However, he notes that this rough treatment was inflicted only relatively late, after the 465 BC earthquake.

This is the case of Plutarch in his Life of Cimon: the helots of the Eurotas River valley want to use the earthquake to attack the Spartans whom they think are disarmed.

Plutarch puts the number of the Thebans at 300, and acknowledges three sources for the number of Spartans: 1000 by the account of Ephorus ; 1, 400 by Callisthenes ( c. 360 – 328 BC ); or 1, 800 by Polybius ( c. 200 – 118 BC ).

According to Plutarch, the Spartans had an iron obolus of four chalkoi.

While the Greek Laconophiles like Plutarch had praised the Spartans, they did not extend this admiration to the Dorians as a whole.

According to Plutarch, out of 6, 000 Spartans, only 200 survived, the others preferring honorable death to disgrace.