Battle formations as described by Plutarch in his Life of Caesar c. 44

In an account by Plutarch, the catastrophic failure of the Sicilian expedition led Athenians to trade renditions of Euripides's lyrics to their enemies in return for food and drink ( Life of Nicias 29 ).

Plutarch is the source also for the story that the victorious Spartan generals, having planned the demolition of Athens and the enslavement of its people, grew merciful after being entertained at a banquet by lyrics from Euripides's play Electra: " they felt that it would be a barbarous act to annihilate a city which produced such men " ( Life of Lysander )

* Life of Otho ( Plutarch ; English translation )

It is based primarily upon the Life of Themistocles and Life of Aristides from Plutarch.

" ( Plutarch, Life of Cimon, quoted Burkert 1985, p. 206 ).

* ( Theoi Project ) Plutarch: Life of Theseus

In his Life of Caesar, Plutarch renders the name as Vergentorix.

* Plutarch, Life of Caesar 25-27

* Plutarch, The Parallel Lives, The Life of Julius Caesar

* Plutarch: Life of Alexander

Every autumn, according to Plutarch ( Life of Lycurgus, 28, 3 – 7 ), the Spartan ephors would pro forma declare war on the helot population so that any Spartan citizen could kill a helot without fear of blood or guilt ( crypteia ).

In his Life of Antony, Plutarch remarks that " judging by the proofs which she had had before this of the effect of her beauty upon Caius Caesar and Gnaeus the son of Pompey, she had hopes that she would more easily bring Antony to her feet.

* Doppelleben ( 1950 ); autobiography translated as Double Life ( edited, translated, and with a preface by Simona Draghici, Plutarch Press, 2002, ISBN 0-943045-19-3 ).

* Ian Scott-Kilvert, notes to Life of Tiberius Gracchus by Plutarch ; Penguin Classics

Plutarch, in his Life of the Roman general Aemilius Paulus, records that the victor over Macedon, when he beheld the statue, “ was moved to his soul, as if he had seen the god in person ,” while the 1st century AD Greek orator Dio Chrysostom declared that a single glimpse of the statue would make a man forget all his earthly troubles.

* Plutarch: The Life of Brutus

In his Life of Sertorius cited above, Plutarch recounts what he says to be a local myth, according to which Heracles consorted with Tinge after the death of Antaeus and had by her a son Sophax, who named a city in North Africa Tingis after his mother.

* Plutarch, Life of Pyrrhus, 1 ( 75 AD )

The only reward he would accept was a branch of the sacred olive, and a promise of perpetual friendship between Athens and Cnossus ( Plutarch, Life of Solon, 12 ; Aristotle, Ath.

Marius relaxed the recruitment policies by removing the necessity to own land, and allowed all Roman citizens entry, regardless of social class ( Plutarch, The Life of Marius ).

In his Life of Marius, Plutarch writes that Marius's return to power was a particularly brutal and bloody one, saying that the consul's " anger increased day by day and thirsted for blood, kept on killing all whom he held in any suspicion whatsoever.

Penia was also mentioned by other ancient Greek writers such as Alcaeus ( Fragment 364 ), Theognis ( Fragment 1 ; 267, 351, 649 ), Aristophanes ( Plutus, 414ff ), Herodotus, Plutarch ( Life of Themistocles ), and Philostratus ( Life of Appollonius ).

Plutarch ( AD 46 – 120 ) wrote that during his visit to Alexandria in 48 BC Julius Caesar accidentally burned the library down when he set fire to his own ships to frustrate Achillas ' attempt to limit his ability to communicate by sea.

During the height of the Roman Empire, famous historians such as Polybius, Livy and Plutarch documented the rise of the Roman Republic, and the organization and histories of other nations, while statesmen like Julius Caesar, Cicero and others provided us with examples of the politics of the republic and Rome's empire and wars.

* Plutarch writes his Parallel Lives of Famous Men ( in Greek Βίοι Παράλληλοι ) containing fifty biographies, of which 46 are presented as pairs comparing Greek and Roman celebrities — for example Theseus and Romulus, Alexander the Great and Julius Caesar, Demosthenes and Cicero.

Following sources cited in Plutarch, he is implied in that film to be Julius Caesar's biological son.

The most important sources for French tragic theatre in the Renaissance were the example of Seneca and the precepts of Horace and Aristotle ( and contemporary commentaries by Julius Caesar Scaliger and Lodovico Castelvetro ), although plots were taken from classical authors such as Plutarch, Suetonius, etc., from the Bible, from contemporary events and from short story collections ( Italian, French and Spanish ).

Plutarch, Cassius Dio and Suetonius state that Octavian killed Antony ’ s son Marcus Antonius Antyllus and Cleopatra's son with Julius Caesar, Caesarion.

Throughout his life he was an extreme profligate, something that Plutarch wrote reflected ill upon his patron Julius Caesar.

* The Greek historian / biographer Plutarch of Chaeronea wrote the On the Fortune or the Virtue of Alexander the Great and " Life of Alexander " in his " Parallel Lives " series, paired with " Life of Julius Caesar "

However, he learned to read French, German, Polish, and Italian, and devoted himself to intense study of several military authors including Plutarch, Quintus Curtius, Cornelius Nepos, Julius Caesar, and Charles XII.

Plutarch says, in his life of Brutus, that Brutus ' mother Servilia was a descendant of Servilius Ahala, and the ancestral example was an inspiration for his assassination of Julius Caesar.

* Plutarch: The Life of Julius Caesar

In 1508 Ringmann made the first translation of Julius Caesar's Commentaries into German with supplemental lives by Suetonius, Plutarch, and others.

According to Plutarch, Julius Caesar had ambitious plans for the marsh, which if realized or realizable would have diverted the Tiber through " During the expedition planned campaign around Europe he intended ... to receive the Tiber immediately below the city in a deep cut, and giving it a bend toward Circaeum to make it enter the sea by Tarracina, ... besides this he designed to draw off the water from the marshes about Pomentium and Settia, and to make them solid ground, which would employ many thousands of men in the cultivation ..."

The most important source for tragic theater was Seneca and the precepts of Horace and Aristotle ( plus modern commentaries by Julius Caesar Scaliger and Lodovico Castelvetro ); plots were taken from classical authors such as Plutarch and Suetonius, and from Italian, French and Spanish short-story collections.

The later biographies of Caesar by Suetonius and Plutarch are also major sources.

Upon crossing the Rubicon, Caesar, according to Plutarch and Suetonius, is supposed to have quoted the Athenian playwright Menander, in Greek, " the die is cast ".

According to Plutarch, as Caesar arrived at the Senate, Tillius Cimber presented him with a petition to recall his exiled brother.

Both Plutarch and Suetonius say that Caesar waved him away, but Cimber grabbed his shoulders and pulled down Caesar's tunic.

Plutarch also reports that Caesar said nothing, pulling his toga over his head when he saw Brutus among the conspirators.

Whatever conflicts existed between the two men, Antony remained faithful to Caesar but it is worth mentioning that according to Plutarch ( paragraph 13 ) Trebonius, one of the conspirators, had ' sounded him unobtrusively and cautiously ... Antony had understood his drift ... but had given him no encouragement: at the same time he had not reported the conversation to Caesar '.

According to Plutarch, Vercingetorix surrendered in dramatic fashion, riding his beautifully adorned horse out of Alesia and around Caesar's camp before dismounting in front of Caesar, stripping himself of his armor and sitting down at his opponent's feet, where he remained motionless until he was taken away.

According to Plutarch, a seer had foreseen that Caesar would be harmed not later than the Ides of March ; and on his way to the Theatre of Pompey ( where he would be assassinated ), Caesar met the seer and joked, " The ides of March have come ", meaning to say that the prophecy had not been fulfilled, to which the seer replied " Aye, Caesar ; but not gone.

We know it is a later Rome because the emperor is routinely called Caesar ; because the characters are constantly alluding to Tarquin, Lucretia, and Brutus, suggesting that they learned about Brutus ' new founding of Rome from the same literary sources we do, Livy and Plutarch.