However, Plutarch indicates that many of Pericles ' rivals viewed the transfer to Athens as usurping monetary resources to fund elaborate building projects.

Plutarch indicates that, on account of his mother's background, Themistocles was considered something of an outsider ; furthermore the family appear to have lived in an immigrant district of Athens, Cynosarges, outside the city walls.

" Later in the work, however, Plutarch indicates that " her beauty, as we are told, was in itself neither altogether incomparable, nor such as to strike those who saw her.

This inconsistency indicates that Plutarch ’ s story may have been exaggerated for dramatic effect, causing discrepancies.

Plutarch indicates that the Crypteia and other poor treatments of the helots were instituted after this revolt.

The Greek observer Plutarch indicates that a second wedding among Romans was likely to be a quieter affair, as a widow would still feel the absence of her dead husband, and a divorcée ought to feel shame.

Plutarch, in his On Isis and Osiris, indicates that the King and Queen of Byblos, who, unknowingly, have the body of Osiris in a pillar in their hall, are Melcarthus ( i. e. Melqart ) and Astarte ( though he notes some instead call the Queen Saosis or Nemanūs, which Plutarch interprets as corresponding to the Greek name Athenais ).

According to Plutarch, a seer had foreseen that Caesar would be harmed not later than the Ides of March ; and on his way to the Theatre of Pompey ( where he would be assassinated ), Caesar met the seer and joked, " The ides of March have come ", meaning to say that the prophecy had not been fulfilled, to which the seer replied " Aye, Caesar ; but not gone.

According to Herodotus and Plutarch, he met with Croesus and gave the Lydian king advice, which however Croesus failed to appreciate until it was too late.

When the god no longer had need of her, he advised her to marry the first wealthy man she met, who turned out to be an Etruscan named Carutius ( or Tarrutius, according to Plutarch ).

Plutarch reports that he met with Alexander the Great, probably around Takshasila in the northwest, and that he viewed the ruling Nanda Empire in a negative light:

A story told by Plutarch tells of Quintus Poppaedius Silo, leader of the Marsi and involved in a highly controversial business in the Roman Forum, who made a visit to his friend Marcus Livius and met the children of the house.

Plutarch reports that Chandragupta Maurya met with Alexander the Great, probably around Taxila in the northwest:

At both Chalcis and Athens Plutarch tells us that there was an Amazoneum or shrine of Amazons that implied the presence of both tombs and cult.

Plutarch mentions that the Athenians saw the phantom of King Theseus, the mythical hero of Athens, leading the army in full battle gear in the charge against the Persians, and indeed he was depicted in the mural of the Stoa Poikile fighting for the Athenians, along with the twelve Olympian gods and other heroes.

Plutarch is the source also for the story that the victorious Spartan generals, having planned the demolition of Athens and the enslavement of its people, grew merciful after being entertained at a banquet by lyrics from Euripides's play Electra: " they felt that it would be a barbarous act to annihilate a city which produced such men " ( Life of Lysander )

An inscription identifies Callicrates as one of the architects of the Classical circuit wall of the Acropolis ( IG I < sup > 3 </ sup > 45 ), and Plutarch further states ( loc cit ) that he contracted to build the Middle of three amazing walls linking Athens and Piraeus.

The Pompeion and many other buildings in the vicinity of the Sacred Gate were razed to the ground by the marauding army of the Roman dictator Sulla, during his sacking of Athens in 86 BC ; an episode that Plutarch described as a bloodbath.

Eventually, this gifted student became dissatisfied with the level of philosophical instruction available in Alexandria, and went to Athens, the preeminent philosophical center of the day, in 431 to study at the Neoplatonic successor of the famous Academy founded 800 years ( in 387 BC ) before by Plato ; there he was taught by Plutarch of Athens ( not to be confused with Plutarch of Chaeronea ), Syrianus, and Asclepigenia ; he succeeded Syrianus as head of the Academy, and would in turn be succeeded on his death by Marinus of Neapolis.

However, following Iamblichus, Plutarch of Athens, and his master Syrianus, Proclus presents a much more elaborate universe than Plotinus, subdividing the elements of Plotinus ' system into their logically distinct parts, and positing these parts as individual things.

Plutarch claims that his remains were returned to Athens and placed in Cimon's family vault.

Themistocles was born in Athens around 524 BC, the son of Neocles, who was, in the words of Plutarch " no very conspicuous man ".

Plutarch reports that Themistocles also proposed in secret to destroy the beached ships of the other Allied navies, in order to ensure complete naval dominance, but was overruled by Aristides and the council of Athens.

* Plutarch of Athens, Greek philosopher

* Plutarch of Athens, Greek philosopher ( approximate date )

A still more significant variation in the ancient historical account appears in the writing of Plutarch in the late 1st – early 2nd century AD :" Athens was torn by recurrent conflict about the constitution.

Plutarch mentions a legend that Deucalion and Pyrrha had settled in Dodona, Epirus ; while Strabo asserts that they lived at Cynus, and that her grave is still to be found there, while his may be seen at Athens ; he also mentions a pair of Aegean islands named after the couple.

He studied under Plutarch ( the Neoplatonist ) at Athens in the early 5th century, and taught for some years in his native city.

Plutarch writes that Epimenides purified Athens after the pollution brought by the Alcmeonidae, and that the seer's expertise in sacrifices and reform of funeral practices were of great help to Solon in his reform of the Athenian state.

The only reward he would accept was a branch of the sacred olive, and a promise of perpetual friendship between Athens and Cnossus ( Plutarch, Life of Solon, 12 ; Aristotle, Ath.

An illustration from 1689 in Olof Rudbeck's book Atlantica where he shows himself surrounded by Hesiod, Plato, Aristotle, Apollodorus of Athens | Apollodorus, Tacitus, Odysseus, Ptolemy, Plutarch and Orpheus.

The first known written account of a run from Marathon to Athens occurs in the works of the Greek writer Plutarch ( 46 – 120 ), in his essay On the Glory of Athens.

Plutarch says, in his life of Brutus, that Brutus ' mother Servilia was a descendant of Servilius Ahala, and the ancestral example was an inspiration for his assassination of Julius Caesar.

From an anecdote recorded by Plutarch, it is clear that Lagus was a man of obscure birth ; hence, when Theocritus calls Ptolemy a descendant of Heracles, he probably means to represent him as the son of Philip.

* Plutarch Parallel Lives ( Aristides, Themistocles, Theseus ), On the Malice of Herodotus

Themistocles can still reasonably be thought of as " the man most instrumental in achieving the salvation of Greece " from the Persian threat, as Plutarch describes him.

Plutarch further reports that Themistocles was preoccupied, even as a child, with preparing for public life.

Since it was his long-standing advocacy of Athenian naval power which enabled the Allied fleet to fight at all, and it was his stratagem that brought about the Battle of Salamis, it is probably not an exaggeration to say, as Plutarch does, that Themistocles " is thought to have been the man most instrumental in achieving the salvation of Hellas ".

Furthermore, Plutarch reports that at the next Olympic Games: " Themistocles entered the stadium, the audience neglected the contestants all day long to gaze on him, and pointed him out with admiring applause to visiting strangers, so that he too was delighted, and confessed to his friends that he was now reaping in full measure the harvest of his toils in behalf of Hellas.

In itself, this did not mean that Themistocles had done anything wrong ; ostracism, in the words of Plutarch, " was not a penalty, but a way of pacifying and alleviating that jealousy which delights to humble the eminent, breathing out its malice into this disfranchisement.

It should be noted that both Diodorus and Plutarch considered that the charges were false, and made solely for the purposes of destroying Themistocles.

Plutarch has the ship docking at Cyme in Aeolia, and Diodorus has Themistocles making his way to Asia in an undefined manner.

Diodorus and Plutarch next recount a similar tale, namely that Themistocles stayed briefly with an acquaintance ( Lysitheides or Nicogenes ) who was also acquainted with the Persian king, Artaxerxes I.

Thucydides and Plutarch say that Themistocles asked for a year's grace to learn the Persian language and customs, after which he would serve the king, and Artaxerxes granted this.

Plutarch provides the most evocative version of this story: But when Egypt revolted with Athenian aid ... and Cimon's mastery of the sea forced the King to resist the efforts of the Hellenes and to hinder their hostile growth ... messages came down to Themistocles saying that the King commanded him to make good his promises by applying himself to the Hellenic problem ; then, neither embittered by anything like anger against his former fellow-citizens, nor lifted up by the great honor and power he was to have in the war, but possibly thinking his task not even approachable, both because Hellas had other great generals at the time, and especially because Cimon was so marvelously successful in his campaigns ; yet most of all out of regard for the reputation of his own achievements and the trophies of those early days ; having decided that his best course was to put a fitting end to his life, he made a sacrifice to the gods, then called his friends together, gave them a farewell clasp of his hand, and, as the current story goes, drank bull's blood, or as some say, took a quick poison, and so died in Magnesia, in the sixty-fifth year of his life ... They say that the King, on learning the cause and the manner of his death, admired the man yet more, and continued to treat his friends and kindred with kindness.

The Magnesians built a " splendid tomb " in their market place for Themistocles, which still stood during the time of Plutarch, and continued to dedicate part of their revenues to the family of Themistocles.

Plutarch offers a more nuanced view of Themistocles, with more of a critique of Themistocles's character.

It is based primarily upon the Life of Themistocles and Life of Aristides from Plutarch.

* Plutarch, Themistocles.

According to Plutarch, the Cean had a statue of himself made about this time, which inspired the Athenian politician Themistocles to comment on his ugliness.

Penia was also mentioned by other ancient Greek writers such as Alcaeus ( Fragment 364 ), Theognis ( Fragment 1 ; 267, 351, 649 ), Aristophanes ( Plutus, 414ff ), Herodotus, Plutarch ( Life of Themistocles ), and Philostratus ( Life of Appollonius ).

Vote cast against Themistocles ; a quorum of 6, 000 was required for ostracism under the Athenian democracy, according to Plutarch ; a similar quorum was necessary in the following century for grants of Athenian citizenship # Athenian_citizenship | citizenship

More detail for the whole period is provided by Plutarch, in his biographies of Themistocles, Aristides and especially Cimon.