Vertical ridges etched on the surface are smooth .</ li > < li > Twisted nematic liquid crystal .</ li > < li > Glass substrate with common electrode film ( ITO ) with horizontal ridges to line up with the horizontal filter .</ li > < li > Polarizing filter film with a horizontal axis to block / pass light .</ li > < li > Reflective surface to send light back to viewer.

Polarizing filters are used extensively in photography to cut out unwanted reflections or to enhance reflection.

Polarizing sheets are used in liquid crystal displays, optical microscopes and sunglasses.

< ol >< li > polarizer | Polarizing filter film with a vertical axis to polarize light as it enters .</ li > < li > Glass substrate with Indium tin oxide | ITO electrode s. The shapes of these electrodes will determine the shapes that will appear when the LCD is turned ON.

This transition is observed on heating from the N < sub > u </ sub > phase with Polarizing optical microscopy as a change in Schlieren texture and increased light transmittance and from x-ray diffraction as the splitting of the nematic reflection.

Polarizing fans and critics, Chereau chose to set the operas during the 19th-century Industrial Revolution, and was thought to have emphasized the dramatic rather than the musical elements of the works.

Pohl and Kornbluth's ad men have long since thrown out appeals to reason and developed techniques of advertising which tie in with `` every basic trauma and neurosis in American life '', which work on the libido of consumers, which are linked to the `` great prime motivations of the human spirit ''.

The programs in infrared spectroscopy are undergoing reorientation toward wavelength standards in the far infrared, the application of infrared techniques to solid state studies, and increased emphasis on high resolution instrumentation.

In medicine the frequencies are much higher, transducers and the sonar beams themselves are much smaller, and different scanning techniques may be used, but the principles involved are the same as in sonar.

For large letters, e.g. thermoformed of acrylic or butyrate, there are other techniques.

In spite of this, the very large radio reflectors and improved amplifying techniques which are now becoming available should make it possible to observe the radio emission of most of the planets in a few years.

This can only be for one of two reasons: either the two are quite different and will require totally different theory ( and hence techniques ), or our existing theories are insufficiently general.

Much progress has been made in the last two decades in developing techniques for understanding children, yet in almost any classroom today can be found children whose needs are not being met by the school program.

Experiments are in progress to develop ultraviolet spectrophotometric techniques for assaying these enzymes and for studying their sensitivity to metal ions.

Five drying test procedures are established to cover the range of drying techniques used in the home and commercial laundry.

For purely inertial navigators, two techniques are available to accomplish the platform heading: Use of external or surveying equipment to establish proper heading ; ;

Obviously, the heading accuracy is lessened by such techniques since errors are introduced because of motion of the stand.

Race-drivers, on the other hand, are quite often killed on the circuit, and since it was obviously Mr. Remarque's intention to establish automobile racing as life in microcosm, one might reasonably have expected him to demonstrate precise knowledge not only of techniques but of mores and attitudes.

Biological anthropologists are interested in both human variation and in the possibility of human universals ( behaviors, ideas or concepts shared by virtually all human cultures ) They use many different methods of study, but modern population genetics, participant observation and other techniques often take anthropologists " into the field ," which means traveling to a community in its own setting, to do something called " fieldwork.

Alchemists developed a framework of theory, terminology, experimental process and basic laboratory techniques that are still recognizable today.

A variety of techniques are used with multiple factor ANOVA to reduce

Many methods are used in amateur astronomy, but most are variations of a few specific techniques.

There are techniques of anchoring to limit the swing of a vessel if the anchorage has limited room:

Stir frying, pan frying, and deep frying tend to be the most common Chinese cooking techniques used in this cuisine, which are all easily done using a wok.

Stand-alone, file based, multi-track recorders from Sound Devices, This of course results in a reduction in audio quality, but a variety of techniques are used, mainly by exploiting psychoacoustics, to remove the data that has least effect on perceived quality.

Although such a conversion can be prone to loss, most modern audio systems use this approach as the techniques of digital signal processing are much more powerful and efficient than analog domain signal processing.

Although modern analytical chemistry is dominated by sophisticated instrumentation, the roots of analytical chemistry and some of the principles used in modern instruments are from traditional techniques many of which are still used today.

Aeroponic techniques have been given special attention from NASA since a mist is easier to handle than a liquid in a zero gravity environment.

Through most of the 20th century, many of these techniques were expensive and involved a small number of dedicated craft practitioners, while the reusability of props, models, effects, or animation techniques made it easier to keep using them.

By the late 1990s, improved technology and more training and cross-training within the industry made all of these techniques easier to use, so that directors of individual episodes could make decisions to use one or more methods, so such artistic choices no longer needed to be baked into the series concept.

Newer ion-exchange and solvent-extraction techniques have led to easier separation of the rare earths, which has yielded much lower costs for thulium production.

While the transport can be easier investigated with patch clamp techniques, vesicles can also be isolated from objects for that the patch clamp is not applicable.

Digital techniques are useful because it is easier to get an electronic device to switch into one of a number of known states than to accurately reproduce a continuous range of values.

Generally speaking, locally scoped techniques are easier to implement than global ones but result in smaller gains.

Mnemonic systems are special techniques or strategies consciously used to improve memory, it helps employ information already stored in long-term memory to make memorization an easier task.

Additionally, when using Fourier analysis techniques for waves in a lossy medium, the resulting attenuation is easier to deal with using complex Fourier coefficients.

Vasectomy is more cost effective, less invasive, has techniques that are emerging that may facilitate easier reversal, and has a much lower risk of post operative complications.

For example, feature extraction algorithms attempt to reduce a large-dimensionality feature vector into a smaller-dimensionality vector that is easier to work with and encodes less redundancy, using mathematical techniques such as principal components analysis ( PCA ).

He developed new techniques for examining, preserving, and dissecting specimens, including wax injection to make viewing blood vessels easier.

Due to the short duration of UWB pulses, it is easier to engineer high data rates ; data rate may be exchanged for range by aggregating pulse energy per data bit ( with integration or coding techniques ).

Newer techniques were easier to master and enabled shorter turns better suited for steeper alpine terrain and skiing downhill.

For large units, the taller furnace characteristics of CFBC boilers offers better space utilization, greater fuel particle and sorbent residence time for efficient combustion and SO2 capture, and easier application of staged combustion techniques for NOx control than AFBC steam generators.

Avoiding certain techniques can make it easier to prove theorems about a program's correctness — or simply to understand its behavior.

Although it currently cannot attain the mobility that poly-Si can, it has the advantage over poly-Si that it is easier to fabricate, as it can be deposited using conventional low temperature a-Si deposition techniques, such as PECVD, as opposed to laser annealing or high temperature CVD processes, in the case of poly-Si.

The virtually seamless blending of old and new footage was achieved almost a decade before digital filmmaking technology made such techniques in films like Forrest Gump ( 1994 ) and various television advertisements much easier to accomplish.

Using color-digitized techniques, the gray shaded thermal images can be converted to color for easier identification of desired information.

It is usually easier to work in the function field case and then try to develop parallel techniques on the number field side.

Most electronic keyboards use spring-loaded keys that make some kinds of playing techniques, such as backhanded sweeps, impossible, but make the keyboards lighter and easier to transport.

While blue and green screen techniques have made the process of layering subjects in scenes easier, rotoscoping still plays a large role in the production of visual effects imagery.

A large number of methods are available to effect site-directed mutagenesis, although most of them are now rarely used in laboratories since the early 2000s as newer techniques allow for simpler and easier way of introducing site-specific mutation into genes.

One of the fundamental motivations for including channels in the process calculi was to enable certain algebraic techniques, thereby making it easier to reason about processes algebraically.