They were not Poles.

After a short pause at midday, Teuton units were able to push the Poles back ; however, they found themselves under very heavy fire from crossbows of the Polish infantry, which caused huge losses and withdrawal.

The Cossack army were well acquainted with this Polish style of war well, having much experience of fighting against the Poles and alongside them.

During the first day of the battle, the Poles were victorious.

This time, Tatar cavalry gained the upper hand, pushing the Poles back to their camp but were then repulsed by heavy fire from the Polish infantry and artillery.

First, because motorised vehicles were in short supply, the Poles used horses to pull anti-tank weapons into position.

Germans, Irish, Poles, Swedes and Czechs made up nearly two-thirds of the foreign-born population ( by 1900, whites were 98. 1 % of the city's population ).

In 1226 Duke Konrad I of Masovia summoned the Teutonic Knights for assistance ; by 1230 they had secured Chełmno ( Culm ) and begun claiming conquered territories for themselves under the authority of the Holy Roman Empire, although these claims were rejected by the Poles, whose ambition had been to conquer Prussia all along.

98 % of the new inhabitants were Poles expelled from Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union or Polish peasants from central Poland.

The Poles were subjected to harassment in the fields of education, economic activity and the administration ; German was declared to be the only official language, but in practice the Poles only adhered more closely to their traditions.

Therefore, Poles were allowed to stay and were spared the fate of other whites.

160 Poles were later given permission to leave Haiti and were sent to France at Haitian expense.

Hitler and the Nazi regime had similar plans for the Poles ; intellectuals were to be killed, and most other Poles were to be only given a fourth-grade education.

Himmler's belief that " it is in the nature of German blood to resist " led to his conclusion that Balts or Poles who resisted Germanization were racially superior to more compliant ones.

The " racially valuable " children were to be removed from all contact with Poles, and raised as Germans, with German names.

At the time when the futility of armed resistance without external support was realized by most Poles, the various segments of the Polish society were undergoing deep and far-reaching social, economic and cultural transformations.

By June 1920, the Polish armies were past Vilnius, Minsk and ( allied with the Directorate of Ukraine ) reached Kiev, but then the massive Bolshevik counteroffensive moved the Poles out of most of Ukraine and on the northern front arrived at the outskirts of Warsaw.

The large Polish daily newspaper Rzeczpospolita reported that during BdV meetings in 2003, publications using hate-language to describe Poles butchering Germans were available for sale, as were recordings of Waffen SS marches on compact disks, including those glorifying the Invasion of Poland.

Poles are used on barges to fend off the barge as it nears other vessels or a wharf.

* the Poles, as Ojczyzna ( but there is also macierz, that is Motherland, although it is seldom used ; moreover ; " Ojczyzna " itself is in feminine, " ona " or " she " " Ojczyzna ," and not " on " or " he " " Ojczyzna ")

Early versions of the joke, popular in the late 1960s and the 1970s, were used to insult the intelligence of Poles (" Polack jokes ").

Ribbentrop had used such extreme language, in particular his remark that if Germany had a different policy towards the Soviet Union then Poland would cease to exist, that it led to the Poles ordering partial mobilization and placing their armed forces on the highest state of alert on 23 March 1939.

Although Germany used forced labourers in most occupied countries, Poles and other Slavs were viewed as inferior by Nazi propaganda, thus, better suited for such duties.

Elsewhere, ethnic Poles constitute large minorities in Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine: Polish is the most widely used minority language in Lithuania's Vilnius County ( 26 % of the population, according to the 2001 census results ) and is found elsewhere in southeastern Lithuania ; in Ukraine it is most common in the Lviv and Lutsk regions, while in Western Belarus it is used by the significant Polish minority especially in the Brest and Grodno regions and in areas along the Lithuanian border.

Although Nazi Germany also used forced laborers from Western Europe, Poles, along with other Eastern Europeans viewed as racially inferior, were subject to deeper discriminatory measures.

In contrast to the attitude expressed in these writings and to his Enlightenment background, he used insulting terms expressing prejudices against Poles in his private letters during his stay in Vilnius and in a diary from the journey through Poland, but he never published any manifestation of this attitude.

* Poles used in sporting and other activities:

Poles used to make up a large proportion of the population.

Annin produced flags that were used on Iwo Jima, planted on the surface of the Moon, at the North and South Poles, atop Mount Everest and the rubble of the World Trade Center.

Most of Western Ukraine, which used to be within the borders of the Republic of Poland before World War II, is a popular destination for Poles.

The German transliteration, often used by the Russians, Poles, and others as well, is Jak.

Today, the word Lachy is used by Eastern Slavs as synonyms for " Poles " and " Poland ".

Subsequently, she changed sides again and betrayed her dealings with the Abwehr to MI5, who used her radio link for deception purposes for a period in conjunction with the Poles and the SIS and then imprisoned her when her usefulness had ceased, until the end of the war.

The name was unofficially used afterward for denoting the territory, especially by Poles, and today is used by modern historians to describe different political entities until 1918.

) Between 1940 and 1945, Hohensalza was used as a resettlement camp for Poles and an internment camp for Soviet, French, and English POWs.

In 1920, the area was used as a conduit for arms and ammunition for the anti-Soviet Poles fighting in the Polish-Soviet War directly to the north, while local Communists sabotaged the trains and tried to help the Soviet side.

The existence of a prehistoric fortress, 70 km from the German border, was used to show that the prehistoric " Poles " had held their own against foreign invaders and plunderers as early as the Iron Age.

Ruritania has also been used to describe the stereotypical development of nationalism in 19th century Eastern Europe, by Ernest Gellner in Nations and Nationalism, in a pastiche of the historical narratives of nationalist movements among Poles, Czechs, Serbians, Romanians, etc.

A number of camps were subsequently used by the Soviets or Polish communist regime as POW or labor camps for Germans, Poles, Ukrainians, e. g.: Zgoda labour camp, Central Labour Camp Potulice, Łambinowice camp.

Both sides had practical reasons for signing the treaty at that point: the Order needed time to fortify its newly acquired lands, the Poles and Lithuanians to deal with territorial challenges in the east and in Silesia.

While his main objective was to give historical legitimisation to germanising of Poles that found themselves under Prussian rule, the praise of a mythical genocide conducted by German ancestors against other national groups would eventually become a means of legitimising claims to further eastern territories.

During the decades that followed the January Insurrection, Poles largely forsook the goal of immediate independence and turned instead to fortifying the nation through the subtler means of education, economic development, and modernization.

It is alleged that the pagan Poles bickered with nature / Dyngus by means of pouring water and switching with willows to make themselves pure and worthy of the coming year.

It was set up by Otto von Bismarck to increase land ownership by Germans at the expense of Poles, by economic and political means, in the German Empire's eastern provinces of West Prussia and the Posen as part of his larger efforts aiming at the eradication of the Polish nation.

Other means included the Prussian deportations from 1885 – 1890, in which non-Prussian nationals who had lived in Prussia for substantial time periods ( mostly Poles and Jews ) were removed and a ban was issued on the building of houses by non-Germans ( see Drzymała's van ).

He later undertook numerous expeditions and was the first person to visit both the North and South Poles by surface means and the first to completely cross Antarctica on foot.

Poles call them gołąbki ( gaw-WOHMP-kee ), which literally means " little pigeons.

It also turned out that Poles means new business in some areas: some shops introduced bilingual English-Polish signs, " Polish language " sections in bookstores, police hires Polish-language staff, etc.