" In a reference to the first known historical Boii, Polybius relates that their wealth consisted of cattle and gold, that they depended on agriculture and war, and that a man's status depended on the number of associates and assistants he had.

According to the historian Polybius, considerable debate took place in Rome on the question of whether to accept the Mamertines ' appeal for help, and thus likely enter into a war with Carthage.

Polybius ’ father, Lycortas, was a prominent advocate of neutrality during the Roman war against Perseus of Macedonia.

The Carthaginian army in Iberia, excluding the forces in Africa, totaled, according to Polybius, 90, 000 infantry, 12, 000 cavalry and 37 war elephants: it was thus one of the largest in the Hellenistic world and equal in numbers to any that the Romans had yet fielded.

The last condition is mentioned by Polybius in place of the one regarding not making war on Syracuse.

Polybius states the financial burden of war indemnity forced Antiochus III to loot temple treasuries.

According to the contemporary historian Polybius, it was the people ( and thus the assemblies ) who had the final say regarding the election of magistrates, the enactment of new statutes, the carrying out of capital punishment, the declaration of war and peace, and the creation ( or dissolution ) of alliances.

Polybius ( II, 18. 1-20. 7 ) is correct in stating that this Gallic war took place 30 years after the occupation of Rome by the Gauls ( in 386 / 5 BC ).

* Information about this war can be found in Plutarch's Lives, Polybius, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, and Livy.

Polybius blames the demagogues of the cities of the league for inspiring the population into a suicidal war.

Polybius called it a " truceless war ", without any concept of rules of warfare and exceeding all other conflicts in cruelty, ending only with the total annihilation of one of the opponents. The conflict escalated when the mercenary leadership tortured and killed its Carthaginian prisoners and in response the Carthaginians committed similar actions.

According to Polybius, Ptolemy had 70, 000 infantry, 5, 000 cavalry, and 73 war elephants and Antiochus 62, 000 infantry, 6, 000 cavalry, and 102 elephants.

* Information about this war can be found in Plutarch's Lives ( Pyrrhus XXI 5-10 ), Polybius, Dionysius of Halicarnassus ( XX 1 -- 3 ), and Livy.

< http :// penelope. uchicago. edu / Thayer / E / Roman / Texts / Polybius / 1 *. html ></ ref > The Carthaginian generals Hanno and Hamilcar then came to Utica's defense, managing to raise the siege, but " the severest blow of all … was the defection of Hippacritae and Utica, the only two cities in Libya which had … bravely faced the present war … indeed they never had on any occasion given the least sign of hostility to Carthage .” Polybius.

* Information about this war can be found in Plutarch's Lives, Polybius, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, and Livy.

He had noticed, says Polybius, a “ place between the two camps, flat indeed and treeless, but well adapted for an ambuscade, as it was traversed by a water-course with steep banks, densely overgrown with brambles and other thorny plants, and here he proposed to lay a stratagem to surprise the enemy ”.

The author claims to have consulted all the best authorities, the most important of which was a lost treatise on the subject by Polybius.

There was a fourth bureau for miscellaneous issues, which was put under Polybius until his execution for treason.

If one follows Polybius, the course of events was the following: Despite the Carthaginian pre-war naval advantage, the Roman landing was virtually unopposed.

According to Polybius, this army was partly composed of Ligurians, Celts and Iberians.

Carthage attempted to intervene with a fleet of 350 ships ( according to Polybius ), but was defeated in the Battle of Cape Ecnomus.

( Polybius, the surviving ancient account closest in time to Hannibal's campaign, reports that the route was already debated.

Polybius claims Hannibal's men marched for four days and three nights, “ through a land that was under water ”, suffering terribly from fatigue and enforced want of sleep.

As Polybius notes, " How much more serious was the defeat of Cannae, than those that preceded it can be seen by the behavior of Rome ’ s allies ; before that fateful day, their loyalty remained unshaken, now it began to waver for the simple reason that they despaired of Roman Power.

According to Pausanias and the Greek historian Polybius, an inscribed pillar ( stele ) was erected near the altar of Zeus on Mt.

While interest in Plato was increasing in Florence during Machiavelli's lifetime he also does not show particular interest in him, but was indirectly influenced by his readings of authors such as Polybius, Plutarch and Cicero.

The last link is supplied by Strabo, who says that an emporium on the island of Corbulo in the mouth of the Loire was associated with the Britain of Pytheas by Polybius.

Strabo, citing Polybius, accuses Pytheas of promulgating a fictitious journey he could never have funded, as he was a private individual ( idiōtēs ) and a poor man ( penēs ).

Polybius (; 200 – 118 BC ), Greek ) was a Greek historian of the Hellenistic Period noted for his work, The Histories, which covered the period of 220 – 146 BC in detail.

Polybius was born in Arcadia around 200 BC.

Polybius was then deported to Rome, where Lucius Aemilius Paulus employed him to tutor his two sons.

Polybius held that historians should only chronicle events whose participants the historian was able to interview, and was among the first to champion the notion of having factual integrity in historical writing, while avoiding bias.

Polybius was born around 200 BC in Megalopolis, Arcadia, at which time was an active member of the Achaean League.

Consequently, Polybius was able to observe first hand the political and military affairs of Megalopolis.

The fired rockfall event is mentioned only by Livy ; Polybius is mute on the subject and there is no evidence of carbonized rock at the only two-tier rockfall in the Western Alps, located below the Col de la Traversette ( Mahaney, 2008 ).

Polybius and Plutarch, a Greek author writing under the Roman empire, cite a battle at Mt.

When the Achaean hostages were released in 150 BC, Polybius was granted leave to return home, but the next year he went on campaign with Scipio Aemilianus to Africa, and was present at the capture of Carthage, which he later described.

* Polybius: The Rise of the Roman Empire at LacusCurtius

He procured the release of Polybius, the historian, and his fellow prisoners, contemptuously asking whether the Senate had nothing more important to do than discuss whether a few Greeks should die at Rome or in their own land.

* Rome at the End of the Punic Wars: An Analysis of the Roman Government ; by Polybius

The Greek historian Polybius, in his Histories, gives a graphic account of mining and counter mining at the Roman siege of Ambracia:

* The 20 elephants in the army of Pyrrhus of Epirus, which landed at Tarentum in 280 BC for the first Battle of Heraclea, recorded in Plutarch's Lives, Polybius, Dionysius of Halicarnassus and Livy.

According to Polybius, Sempronius felt free to act on his own: " He was, it is true, at liberty to act as he thought best owing to the illness of Scipio.

Polybius sets the number at 16, 000 and 20, 000 allies, " this being the strength of their complete army for decisive operations, when the consuls chance to be united.

Polybius says that Philip had no " hope of fighting the Romans at sea ", perhaps referring to a lack of experience and training.

The treaty as set down by Polybius, makes no mention of an invasion of Italy by Philip, the debacle at Sazan perhaps having soured Philip on such a venture — something which in any case Hannibal may not have desired.

* Rome at the End of the Punic Wars: An Analysis of the Roman Government ; by Polybius

Plutarch puts the number of the Thebans at 300, and acknowledges three sources for the number of Spartans: 1000 by the account of Ephorus ; 1, 400 by Callisthenes ( c. 360 – 328 BC ); or 1, 800 by Polybius ( c. 200 – 118 BC ).

Polybius says Dentatus drove the Gauls from their territory, clearing the way for the establishment of a colony at Sena.

At this same period he used to rise at four o ' clock in the morning to read the classics and military writers, and he translated many chapters of Polybius.

Polybius wrote that Hannibal calculated that he could draw out Flaminius into battle and that " no sooner had he left the neighbourhood of Faesulae, and, advancing a short way beyond the Roman camp, made a raid upon the neighbouring country, then Flaminius became excited, and enraged at the idea that he was despised by the enemy: and as the devastation of the country went on, and he saw from the smoke that rose in every direction that the work of destruction was proceeding, he could not patiently endure the sight.

At Thebes he views the shields of those who died at the Battle of Leuctra, the ruins of the house of Pindar, and the statues of Hesiod, Arion, Thamyris, and Orpheus in the grove of the Muses on Helicon, as well as the portraits of Corinna at Tanagra and of Polybius in the cities of Arcadia.

The famous Greek historian Polybius wrote that Rome used a wrecked Carthaginian quinquereme captured at Messina as a model for the entire fleet, and that the Romans would have otherwise had no basis for design.

The contemporary historian Polybius fails to mention it, instead crediting the victory to the superior maneuverability of Carthaginian warships, making the truthfulness of this incident at least somewhat dubious.

* Rome at the End of the Punic Wars: An Analysis of the Roman Government ; by Polybius

According to Polybius, at the Battle of Ecnomus the Roman quinqueremes carried a total crew of 420, 300 of whom were rowers, and the rest marines.