The Kyiv Post reported on 26 November 2008 that American citizen Robert Fletcher ( Robert T. Fletcher III ; aka " Rob ") was arrested by the SBU ( Ukraine State Police ) after being accused by Ukrainian investors of running a Ponzi scheme and associated pyramid scam netting US $ 20 million.

The profit that could be made by taking advantage of the differing postal rates in different countries to buy IRCs cheaply in one country and exchange them for stamps of a higher value in another country was the intended profit generator for a scheme operated by Charles Ponzi, which became the fraudulent Ponzi scheme ; in practice, the overhead on buying and selling large amounts of the very low-value IRCs precluded profitability.

Carlo Pietro Giovanni Guglielmo Tebaldo Ponzi, ( March 3, 1882 – January 18, 1949 ), commonly known as Charles Ponzi, was an Italian businessman and con artist in the U. S. and Canada.

Charles Ponzi promised clients a 50 % profit within 45 days, or 100 % profit within 90 days, by buying discounted postal reply coupons in other countries and redeeming them at face value in the United States as a form of arbitrage.

It was another prisoner who became a true role model to Ponzi: Charles W. Morse.

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1910 police mugshot of Charles Ponzi, the namesake of the scheme

The scheme is named after Charles Ponzi, who became notorious for using the technique in 1920.

Ponzi did not invent the scheme ( for example, Charles Dickens ' 1844 novel Martin Chuzzlewitt and 1857 novel Little Dorrit each described such a scheme ), but his operation took in so much money that it was the first to become known throughout the United States.

* Charles Ponzi and the Ponzi scheme.

" In the run up to the Savings and loan crisis of the 1980s and early 1990s, control frauds like Charles Keating were able to get legislators like Speaker of the House Jim Wright, the Keating Five Senators and majorities in both the US House and Senate to suppress investigations of massive criminality until their Ponzi schemes finally collapses.

He was also under investigation by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and on the day the Post printed its article, Ponzi met with state officials.

Ponzi was released on bail as he appealed the state conviction, and fled to the Springfield neighborhood of Jacksonville, Florida and launched the Charpon Land Syndicate (" Charpon " is an amalgam of his name ), offering investors in September 1925 tiny tracts of land, some under water, and promising 200 % returns in 60 days.

In Ireland in the 1950s, Paul Singer, a Bratislavian Doctor of Philosophy, ran a Ponzi scheme under the name Shanahan Stamp Auctions.

While Minkow admitted to manipulating ZZZZ Best's stock, he claimed that he was forced to turn the company into a Ponzi scheme under pressure from the organized-crime figures who secretly controlled his company ( a story he later admitted was false ).

* 1921: Boston Post, " for its exposure of the operations of Charles Ponzi by a series of articles which finally led to his arrest.

** Boston Post, for its exposure of the operations of Charles Ponzi by a series of articles which finally led to his arrest.

Ponzi circa 1920

* Pepin the Short ( 714 – 768 ), king of the Franks since 751, dies ; he is succeeded by his sons Carloman ( eastern Franks ) and Charles, aka Charlemagne ( western Franks ).

* Anthony Dawson as Captain Lesgate aka Charles Alexander Swann

Ashby was the boyhood home of author / illustrator Charles Smith-Dewey, aka Uncle Hyggly, who penned a regional favorite about a dairy farmer who filled in one Christmas for an ailing Santa Claus -- " Mr. Gonopolis And His 12 Holsteins -- A Christmas Story.

During the 1950s, Bogarde came to prominence playing a hoodlum who shoots and kills a police constable in The Blue Lamp ( 1950 ) co-starring Jack Warner and Bernard Lee ; a handsome artist who comes to rescue of Jean Simmons during the World's Fair in Paris in So Long at the Fair, a film noir thriller ; an accidental murderer who befriends a young boy played by Jon Whiteley in Hunted ( aka The Stranger in Between ) ( 1952 ); in Appointment in London ( 1953 ) as a young Wing-Commander in Bomber Command who, against orders, opts to fly his 90th mission with his men in a major air offensive against the Germans ; an unjustly imprisoned man who regains hope in clearing his name when he learns his sweetheart, Mai Zetterling, is still alive in Desperate Moment ( 1953 ); Doctor in the House ( 1954 ), as a medical student, in a film that made Bogarde one of the most popular British stars of the 1950s, and co-starring Kenneth More, Donald Sinden and James Robertson Justice as their crabby mentor ; The Sleeping Tiger ( 1954 ), playing a neurotic criminal with co-star Alexis Smith, and Bogarde's first film for American expatriate director Joseph Losey ; Doctor at Sea ( 1955 ), co-starring Brigitte Bardot in one of her first film roles ; as a returning Colonial who fights the Mau-Mau with Virginia McKenna and Donald Sinden in Simba ( 1955 ); Cast a Dark Shadow ( 1955 ), as a man who marries women for money and then murders them ; The Spanish Gardener ( 1956 ), co-starring Michael Hordern, Jon Whiteley, and Cyril Cusack ; Doctor at Large ( 1957 ), again with Donald Sinden, another entry in the " Doctor films series ", co-starring later Bond-girl Shirley Eaton ; the Powell and Pressburger production Ill Met by Moonlight ( 1957 ) co-starring Marius Goring as the German General Kreipe, kidnapped on Crete by Patrick " Paddy " Leigh Fermor ( Bogarde ) and a fellow band of adventurers based on W. Stanley Moss ' real-life account of the WW2 caper ; A Tale of Two Cities ( 1958 ), a faithful retelling of Charles Dickens ' classic ; as a Flt.

* Charles Edward Louis Philip Casimir Stuart ( 1720 – 1788 ), aka " Bonnie Prince Charlie ", married Louise of Stolberg-Gedern and had no issue ; had affair with his cousin Marie Louise de La Tour d ' Auvergne and had issue ; had issue with his mistress Clementina Walkinshaw ;

In 1924 the Monaco Football Club was formed and in 1929, the first Grand Prix of Monaco automobile race was held, won by Charles Grover ( aka " Williams ") driving a Bugatti painted in what would become the famous British racing green color.

His friend and co-pilot is Charles C. Charles, aka Hotshot Charlie ( William Tracy ), while the romantic interest is provided by the attractive blonde Burma ( Sandra Spence ).

* Charles Dodgson ( aka Lewis Carroll )-Photographer

* Charles Lamb ; A Memoir, by Barry Cornwall aka Bryan Procter, Edward Moxon, London, 1866.

Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl Stanhope aka Charles Mahon, 3rd Earl Stanhope FRS ( 3 August 1753 – 15 December 1816 ) was a British statesman and scientist.

* Video documentary on Charles Bronson aka Michael Gordon Peterson

* R. W. Norton Art Gallery feature on the artist Charles Marion Russell: The Trappers ' Last Stand aka Attack on the Plains

* Elisee Allard ( aka Charles Montaigne )

* Philippe Liewer ( aka Charles Staunton ) — organiser

* Charles Rawden Maclean ( 1815 – 1880 ), aka John Ross, sea captain and opponent of slavery

It was in the spring of 1989 that Jim Heath met and befriended Charles F. Reid Jr .( aka " Charlie Ray ").

* Jack Dawkins aka The Artful Dodger, in Charles Dickens novel Oliver Twist

* Thomas F. Duffy as Charles Wilson aka Nirvana

* John Elwes ( aka " Elwes the Miser "), was a noted British eccentric and miser, believed to be the inspiration for the character of " Ebenezer Scrooge " in Charles Dickens ' A Christmas Carol.

He made many films in Europe, including The Poppy Is Also a Flower ( 1965 ), Triple Cross ( 1966 )-a story of Eddie Chapman starring Christopher Plummer, Mayerling ( 1968 ), L ' Arbre de Noel ( US: The Christmas Tree aka When Wolves Cry ) starring William Holden ( 1969 ), and several films with Charles Bronson including Red Sun, Cold Sweat and The Valachi Papers.

* Charles Knight aka Tankboy-Television producer

To the east, Area 4 lies on the north side of Massachusetts Avenue ( aka " Mass Ave .") and Cambridgeport on the south side between Massachusetts Avenue and the Charles River.