Populations consisting of subpopulations can be modeled by mixture models, which combine the distributions within subpopulations into an overall population distribution.

Populations can change through three processes: fertility, mortality, and migration.

Wagner writes: " Populations evolving on large neutral networks can access greater amounts of variation.

Populations of Lesser Spotted Woodpeckers are mostly resident, but can be nomadic to some degree.

Populations can be dense and territories can shift quickly, especially for species of the extreme shallows ( a few centimetres of water ).

Populations of Ovis aries can be partitioned into the mouflons ( orientalis group ) and urials or arkars ( vignei group ).

Populations can be found at the villages of Chamarel, Yemen, Tamarin and Grande Rivière Noire.

Populations in more northern areas have again reached a level where it can be regularly utilized by hunters, although not in the example provided.

Populations of the endangered North Island kokako can be found in the high plateau country.

Populations of Lygodium have increased more than 12-fold over the past decade -- as can be seen on IFAS's SRFer Mapserver.

Populations where combinations of alleles or genotypes can be found in the expected proportions are said to be in linkage equilibrium.

Populations on islands that are less isolated are less likely to go extinct because individuals from the source population and other islands can immigrate and “ rescue ” the population from extinction ( rescue effect ).

Populations can be a benefit to the land and make it more productive than it is in its natural state.

Why Published Populations For Major World Urban Areas Vary So Greatly " ( which is the basis for List of metropolitan areas by population ), can get confused about the usage of “ city proper .” On page 2, they give “ city proper ” an “ administrative definition .” On page 5, they imply that the administrative boundaries define the “ city proper .” Yet on page 14, they make “ city proper ” a smaller subset of the administrative areas of the cities of Tokyo, Mexico City and Chicago, and imply that “ city proper ” and “ administrative area ” can be different.

Populations can also be found on the island of New Guinea.

" Populations that are physiologically capable of interbreeding, but morphologically or genetically divergent and isolated by geography or ecology, are sometimes considered to be separate species.

Viscous Populations: Secondly, even indiscriminate altruism may be favoured in so-called viscous populations, i. e. those characterized by low rates or short ranges of dispersal.

Populations appear to be stable, so the species is considered of Least Concern.

Populations that feed on cones without removing or twisting them will likely show a 1: 1 morph distribution no matter what the genetic basis may be: the fitness of each morph is inversely proportional to its frequency in the population.

Populations of bull sharks are also found in several major rivers, with more than 500 bull sharks thought to be living in the Brisbane River.

Populations around the Gulf of Mexico may be relatively spot-free even in adulthood.

Populations may also be found in the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk.

ACIP recommends that health-care administrators consider the level of vaccination coverage among health-care personnel ( HCP ) to be one measure of a patient safety quality program and implement policies to encourage HCP vaccination ( e. g., obtaining signed statements from HCP who decline influenza vaccination ) ( see Additional Information Regarding Vaccination of Specific Populations ).

Populations that are considered to be genetically contaminated ( containing hybrids ) are exterminated.

Populations of anaerobic microorganisms typically take a significant period of time to establish themselves to be fully effective.

Populations of the rare groundcover, Linnaea borealis, may be too isolated from one another to produce viable seed.

Populations in New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Connecticut appear to be stable, while the status of populations in the Delaware River watershed affected by the recent floods of 2005 is uncertain at this time.

Populations from the Pacific Coast of the United States are genetically distinct from those of G. sabrinus found elsewhere in North America, although they are considered to belong to the same species.

Populations in the United States are stable in the central part of its range, and it is not considered endangered in the United States.

Populations are considered stable or increasing in the countries of Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Malawi and possibly Tanzania.

Populations from Costa Rica south are sometimes considered a separate species, the White-naped Pigeon, P. albilinea.

Populations of sentient telepathic animals are prevalent in Aldis ( talking animals are a common theme in fantasy literature, but far less so in role-playing ) and are considered equal citizens on par with humans.

Populations at risk include patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, chronic lung disease or patients with an immune deficiency of any kind.

Populations recovered and stabilized, so the species was removed from the U. S. federal government's list of endangered species and transferred to the list of threatened species on July 12, 1995, and it was removed from the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife in the Lower 48 States on June 28, 2007.

Populations and species migration, for example, are sensitive indicators of ecosystem services that sustain and contribute natural capital toward the well-being of humanity.

Populations of several parrot species were described mainly in the unscientific writings of early travelers, and subsequently scientifically described by several naturalists ( to have their names linked to the species that they were proposing ) mainly in the twentieth century, with no more evidence than the earlier observations and without specimens.

Populations that have a steady, substantial gene flow among them are likely to represent a monotypic species even when a fair degree of genetic variation is obvious.

Populations of this species have declined in the 20th century and some island populations are endangered by hunting, accidental poisoning, and collision with power lines.

Populations have seen significant increases since the protection programs began, but the species remains in serious danger.

Populations of feral animals present good sources for studies of population dynamics, and especially of ecology and behavior ( ethology ) in a wild state of species known mainly in a domestic state.

Populations appear to remain stable and it has not reached the threshold of inclusion as a threatened species, which requires a decline of more than 30 percent in ten years or three generations.

Populations of the Blue-headed Vireo have been steadily increasing since the 1970s and has therefore been classified as a " Least Concern " species in 2004.

Populations in the southwest Pacific, formerly included in C. vittatus, are actually a separate species, C. francisi.

Populations are also found in Madagascar, but it is doubtful if this within the native range of the species.

Populations in cold continental climates mostly have one clutch per year, forming species A, whereas those in warmer climates have two clutches per year, forming species B. European earwigs are most commonly found in temperate climates, since they were originally discovered in the Palearctic region, and are most active when the daily temperature has minimal fluctuation.

Populations have also been introduced outside of the former range of the species to Kenya, Uganda and Zambia.

Populations and genomic resources for genetic biodiversity maintenance in parts of its native range are threatened by overharvesting due to poor or absent conservation planning and by the species ' low germination rates.

Populations of the same species from different latitudes may also follow Allen's rule.

Populations have declined considerably since European settlement, mainly as a result of widespread habitat destruction and predation by mammalian invasive species.