Populations consisting of subpopulations can be modeled by mixture models, which combine the distributions within subpopulations into an overall population distribution.

Populations can change through three processes: fertility, mortality, and migration.

Wagner writes: " Populations evolving on large neutral networks can access greater amounts of variation.

Populations of Lesser Spotted Woodpeckers are mostly resident, but can be nomadic to some degree.

Populations of Ovis aries can be partitioned into the mouflons ( orientalis group ) and urials or arkars ( vignei group ).

Populations can be found at the villages of Chamarel, Yemen, Tamarin and Grande Rivière Noire.

Populations in more northern areas have again reached a level where it can be regularly utilized by hunters, although not in the example provided.

Populations of the endangered North Island kokako can be found in the high plateau country.

Populations of Lygodium have increased more than 12-fold over the past decade -- as can be seen on IFAS's SRFer Mapserver.

Populations where combinations of alleles or genotypes can be found in the expected proportions are said to be in linkage equilibrium.

Populations can be considered any plant or animal species, human genders, followers of a certain religion, people of different nationalities, stone types, ethnic groups, etc.

Populations on islands that are less isolated are less likely to go extinct because individuals from the source population and other islands can immigrate and “ rescue ” the population from extinction ( rescue effect ).

Populations can be a benefit to the land and make it more productive than it is in its natural state.

Why Published Populations For Major World Urban Areas Vary So Greatly " ( which is the basis for List of metropolitan areas by population ), can get confused about the usage of “ city proper .” On page 2, they give “ city proper ” an “ administrative definition .” On page 5, they imply that the administrative boundaries define the “ city proper .” Yet on page 14, they make “ city proper ” a smaller subset of the administrative areas of the cities of Tokyo, Mexico City and Chicago, and imply that “ city proper ” and “ administrative area ” can be different.

Populations can also be found on the island of New Guinea.

" Populations that are physiologically capable of interbreeding, but morphologically or genetically divergent and isolated by geography or ecology, are sometimes considered to be separate species.

Viscous Populations: Secondly, even indiscriminate altruism may be favoured in so-called viscous populations, i. e. those characterized by low rates or short ranges of dispersal.

Populations appear to be stable, so the species is considered of Least Concern.

Populations that feed on cones without removing or twisting them will likely show a 1: 1 morph distribution no matter what the genetic basis may be: the fitness of each morph is inversely proportional to its frequency in the population.

Populations of bull sharks are also found in several major rivers, with more than 500 bull sharks thought to be living in the Brisbane River.

Populations around the Gulf of Mexico may be relatively spot-free even in adulthood.

Populations may also be found in the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk.

ACIP recommends that health-care administrators consider the level of vaccination coverage among health-care personnel ( HCP ) to be one measure of a patient safety quality program and implement policies to encourage HCP vaccination ( e. g., obtaining signed statements from HCP who decline influenza vaccination ) ( see Additional Information Regarding Vaccination of Specific Populations ).

Populations that are considered to be genetically contaminated ( containing hybrids ) are exterminated.

Populations of anaerobic microorganisms typically take a significant period of time to establish themselves to be fully effective.

Populations of the rare groundcover, Linnaea borealis, may be too isolated from one another to produce viable seed.

Populations in New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Connecticut appear to be stable, while the status of populations in the Delaware River watershed affected by the recent floods of 2005 is uncertain at this time.

Populations of dugongs exist in the water of 37 countries and territories.

Populations thin out toward the southern border and in the eastern Bamum-dominated territories.

Populations of ethnic Serbs and Albanians tended to shift following territorial conquests.

Populations of feral animals present good sources for studies of population dynamics, and especially of ecology and behavior ( ethology ) in a wild state of species known mainly in a domestic state.

Populations of Pygmy Cormorant in Romania have a dramatically decline especially in 60 ’ when due to the communist agricultural policies The Great Brăila Island and important parts of Ialomiţa Pond were drained in order to practice agriculture, so this the habitats of a great number of aquatic birds were destroyed.

Populations are primarily declining due to habitat being lost to development, especially in coastal swamp thickets and woodland edges in the east and riparian habitats in migration and winter in the Southeastern United States and Mexico.

Cretan Turks (, ) or Cretan Muslims () cover Muslims who arrived in Turkey after or slightly before the start of the Greek rule in Crete in 1908 and especially in the framework of the 1923 agreement for the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations and have settled on the coastline stretching from the Çanakkale to İskenderun.

Students have created areas of concentration ranging from " 20th Century American Literature " and " Adaptive Physical Education for Vulnerable Populations ," to " World Politics and Social Change " and " Zoological Photography.

Populations and species migration, for example, are sensitive indicators of ecosystem services that sustain and contribute natural capital toward the well-being of humanity.

Populations also extend for considerable distances inland in regions with enough moisture to support suitable woodlands.

Populations in the Oswego River are being actively managed for recovery.

# Managing the United Nations Voluntary Fund on Contemporary Forms of Slavery, United Nations Voluntary Fund for Indigenous Populations and United Nations Voluntary Fund for the International Decade of the World's Indigenous People.

In 1979 the University of California, Berkeley launched a SETI project named " Search for Extraterrestrial Radio Emissions from Nearby Developed Intelligent Populations ( SERENDIP )".

Ageing and Longevity: Mortality Laws and Mortality Forecasts for Ageing Populations Czech: Stárnutí a dlouhověkost: Zákony a prognózy úmrtnosti pro stárnoucí populace.

* Zhenyuan Zhao, Juan Camilo Bohorquez, Alex Dixon, and Neil F. Johnson " Anomalously Slow Attrition Times for Asymmetric Populations with Internal Group Dynamics ",, Physical Review Letters 103, 148701 ( 2009 ), 2 October 2009

Populations have also been artificially introduced in some parts of the world, most notably the Americas and Australasia, principally for hunting.

* 1938 Amsterdam Draft Convention for the Protection of Civilian Populations Against New Engines of War.

* 1938 League of Nations declaration for the " Protection of Civilian Populations Against Bombing From the Air in Case of War "

Genetic Programming: A Paradigm for Genetically Breeding Populations of Computer Programs to Solve Problems, Stanford University Computer Science Department technical report STAN-CS-90-1314.

Populations in areas with high sheep and rabbit numbers may decline, as these animals compact the soil and reduce the available habitat for mice.

The Center for Relief to Civilian Populations ( Geneva ) reported that Albania was one of the most devastated countries in Europe.

In 1905, the city had a population of about 35, 000 ; of whom half were Greeks who were exchanged with Muslims living in Greece under the 1923 agreement for Exchange of Greek Orthodox and Muslim Populations between the two countries.

The fallout radiation advice in Protect and Survive was based on 1960s fallout shelter experiments summarized by Daniel T. Jones of the Home Office Scientific Advisory Branch in his report, The Protection Against Fallout Radiation Afforded by Core Shelters in a Typical British House which was published in Protective Structures for Civilian Populations, Proceedings of the Symposium held at Washington, D. C., April 19 – 23, 1965, by the Subcommittee on Protective Structures, Advisory Committee on Civil Defense, U. S. National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council.

Populations have been hunted off the coast of Peru for use as food and shark bait.

Management Guidelines for Increasing Populations of Birds That Feed on Western Spruce Budworm.

Management Guidelines for Increasing Populations of Birds That Feed on Western Spruce Budworm.

Populations increased so rapidly among both African-American migrants and new European immigrants that there were housing shortages in many major cities, and the newer groups competed for the oldest, most rundown housing.

In the elections to the National Assembly on 1 March 1992, the RDPC / CPDM won 88 of the 180 seats ; the National Union for Democracy and Progress ( UNDP ), 68 seats ; the Union of Cameroonian Populations ( UPC ), 18 seats ; and the Movement for the Defense of the Republic ( MDR ), 6 seats.