In contrast to Positivism, which held that statements are meaningless if they cannot be verified or falsified, Popper claimed that falsifiability is merely a special case of the more general notion of criticizability, even though he admitted that empirical refutation is one of the most effective methods by which theories can be criticized.

This argument can be seen as directly related to Wittgenstein's Theory of Language, drawing a parallel between Postmodernism and late Logical Positivism that is united in critique of foundationalism.

Positivism simply means that law is something that is " posited ": laws are validly made in accordance with socially accepted rules.

Positivism, a philosophy which states that the only authentic knowledge is scientific knowledge, in opposition to pure empiricism and central to the foundation of academic sociology.

It is a foundation of the modern notion of Positivism, modern quantitative statistical analysis, and business decision-making.

If Positivism is understood as an explanation of what law is, Formalism can be said to be a positivist explanation of how law and legal systems operate.

The book emerged from a set of lectures that Hart began to deliver in 1952, and it is presaged by his Holmes lecture, Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals delivered at Harvard Law School.

Positivism / falsification are also rejected due to the observation that it is highly plausible that a mechanism will exist but either a ) go unactivated, b ) be activated, but not perceived, or c ) be activated, but counteracted by other mechanisms, which results in its having unpredictable effects.

In addition to the branches ' current various meanings of Institutionalism, there is also an academic skeptism that, though European Institutionalism was originally derived from national response to people's demands on politico-economic changes especially on their polity or apparatus, as Positivism and Phenomenalism did for example, New Institutionalism rather implicates top-down approach and neglects to match each developmental meaning to its timely event so that the relatively casual interpretation mode carreis retrospective effect on historical paths of each idealization.

The book emerged from a set of lectures that Hart began to deliver in 1952, and it is presaged by his Holmes lecture, Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals delivered at Harvard Law School.

* Positivism ( international relations ), school of thought in international relations theory

Positivism in Poland was a socio-cultural movement that defined progressive thought in literature and social sciences of partitioned Poland, following the suppression of the 1863 January Uprising against the occupying army of Imperial Russia.

In his 1932-33 contribution to Erkenntnis, " Positivism and Realism ", Schlick offered one of the most illuminating definitions of positivism as every view " which denies the possibility of metaphysics " ( Schlick, p. 260 ).

* Positivism, in philosophy, the name for theories which aim to be based on facts alone, eschewing metaphysics and religion

:" We arrive at a deeper reason than has hitherto been disclosed for the difference between our position with reference to Christianity, and that which has been assumed by Radicalism and by Positivism.

Positivism, the heir to both Auguste Comte and Max Weber in the quest to make purportedly value-free judgments, failed to justify its own existence, which would require a value judgment.

Positivism, according to Solovyov, only validates the phenomenon of an object, denying the intuitive reality which people experience as part of their consciousness.

Ayer's Language, Truth and Logic, an introduction to Logical Positivism, and both the Richards – Ogden book and the Ayer book would, in turn, influence Alec King and Martin Ketley in the writing of their book The Control of Language, which appeared in 1939.

As a leader of the philosophy of Legal Positivism, Hart argues that the decisions in this case should be based on existing law, which was silent on the issue at the time.

Maria Konopnicka was one of the authors representative of the socially engaged attitudes of Positivism in Poland | the times

Ba ' ath party co-founders Aflaq and Salah al-Bitar both studied at the Sorbonne in the early 1930s when Positivism was still the dominant ideology among France ’ s academic elite.

In his philosophy be was mainly concerned to defend Christianity against modern Positivism.

Harrison found himself in conflict with Congreve as to details, and eventually led the Positivists who split off and founded Newton Hall in 1881, and he was president of the English Positivist Committee from 1880 to 1905 ; he was also editor and part author of the Positivist New Calendar of great Men ( 1892 ), and wrote much on Comte and Positivism.

For more than three decades, he was a regular contributor to The Fortnightly Review, often in defense of Positivism, especially Comte's version of it.

Leninist Dialectics and the Metaphysics of Positivism was first published in Russian in 1980.

It was a result of strong aesthetic opposition to the ideas of Positivism.

The indirect effect of the method, however, was perhaps even greater long-term, especially on Logical Positivism.

What prompted this change was his disapproval of Positivism.

Evald Vasilevich Ilyenkov was one of the main philosophers of the 1960s, who revisited the 1920s debate between " mechanicists " and " dialecticians " in Leninist Dialectics & Metaphysics of Positivism ( 1979 ).

In 1878 he declined to admit the authority of Pierre Laffitte, Comte's official successor, and the result was a split in the ranks of English Positivism, Frederic Harrison, Dr J. H. Bridges and Professor Edward Spencer Beesly forming a separate society at Newton Hall, Fetter Lane.

It was therefore, no surprise, that he accepted the tenants of Positivism.

It was these influences that brought him to found, along with Júlio de Matos, the magazine O Positivismo in Oporto, between 1878 and 1882, to write Traços Gerais de Filosofia Positiva ( English: General Ideas of Philosophical Positivism ), 1877 and later Sistema de Sociologia ( English: System of Sociology ), 1884.

" It retains an important place in the history of Analytic philosophy as the antecedent of contemporary philosophies, such as Constructive empiricism, Positivism, and Postpositivism.

The five elements of Savarkar's philosophy were Utilitarianism, Rationalism and Positivism, Humanism and Universalism, Pragmatism and Realism.

Analytic philosophy, Protestantism, Christian Democracy, Communism, Conservatism, Constructionism, Deconstructionism, Empiricism, Epicureanism, Existentialism, Fascism, Humanism, Idealism, Internationalism, Liberalism, Logical positivism, Marxism, Materialism, Monarchism, Nationalism, Perspectivism, Platonism, Positivism, Postmodernism, Rationalism, Relativism, Republicanism, Romanticism, Scepticism, Scholasticism, Social Democracy, Socialism, Stoicism, Structuralism, Thomism, Utilitarianism, Spenglerism.

Polish " Positivism " drew its name from the philosophy of Auguste Comte.

In a 1931 paper with Albert Blumberg, " Logical Positivism: A New European Movement ," he argued for logical positivism to be renamed " logical empiricism " based upon certain realist differences between contemporary philosophy of science and the older positivist movement.

* Comte, Auguste, Catechisme positiviste ( 1852 ) or Catechism of Positivism, tr.

* Contemporary Philosophy: Studies of Logical Positivism and Existentialism.

Positivism replaced Romanticism as the leading intellectual, social and literary trend.

* Achinstein, Peter and Barker, Stephen F. The Legacy of Logical Positivism: Studies in the Philosophy of Science.

Logical Positivism.

The Metaphysics of Logical Positivism.

Reconsidering Logical Positivism.

Logical Positivism.

* Jangam, R. T. Logical Positivism and Politics.

Positivism: A Study in Human Understanding.

The Heritage of Logical Positivism.

) The Cambridge Companion to Logical Positivism.

' The Philosophy of Logical Positivism.

Positivism, Paradigm and Postmodernity.

Positivism has also been espoused by ' technocrats ' who believe in the inevitability of social progress through science and technology.

His View of Positivism would therefore set out to define, in more detail, the empirical goals of sociological method.