The CTCA program of activities was profuse: William Farnum and Mary Pickford on the screen, Elsie Janis and Harry Lauder on the stage, books provided by the American Library Association, full equipment for games and sports -- except that no `` bones '' were furnished for the all-time favorite pastime played on any floor and known as `` African golf ''.

# REDIRECT African American

* 1864 – American Civil War: The Fort Pillow massacre: Confederate forces kill most of the African American soldiers that surrendered at Fort Pillow, Tennessee.

Harvesting Freedom: African American Agrarianism in Civil War Era South Carolina ( 2007 )

Black sign language is influenced by African American English ( AAE ).

Remaining steadfast to his pedagogy, a forerunner of progressive and democratic schooling, he alienated parents in a later " parlor school " by admitting an African American child to the class, whom he then refused to expel in the face of protests.

It has had particular influence in folk music, and has become an emblematic African American spiritual.

He sings the sixth and fifth verses in that order, and Stowe included another verse not written by Newton that had been passed down orally in African American communities for at least 50 years.

Anthony Heilbut, author of The Gospel Sound, states that the " dangers, toils, and snares " of Newton's words are a " universal testimony " of the African American experience.

In the 1960s with the African American Civil Rights Movement and opposition to the Vietnam War, the song took on a political tone.

* 1968 – James Anderson, Jr. posthumously receives the first Medal of Honor to be awarded to an African American U. S. Marine.

Du Bois ' Black Reconstruction, first published in 1935, historians have noted African American contributions during Reconstruction to founding what were often the first systems of public education and welfare institutions in the South, gave muted praise for Republican efforts to extend suffrage and provide other social institutions, and excoriated Johnson for opposing the extension of basic rights to freedmen.

At the time both South African and South American plants were placed in the same genus ; subsequently they were separated into two different genera.

The key question is whether Linnaeus's type was a South African plant or a South American plant.

* 1910 – Vivien Thomas, African American surgeon ( d. 1985 )

* 1967 – Thurgood Marshall is confirmed as the first African American Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.

African American Vernacular English | AAVE-influenced non-rhotic pronunciations may be African American Vernacular English | found among African Americans throughout the country.

The loss of syllable-final r in North America is confined mostly to the accents of eastern New England, New York City and surrounding areas and the coastal portions of the South, and African American Vernacular English.

African Americans ( also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans, and formerly as American Negroes ) are citizens or residents of the United States who have total or significant partial ancestry from any of the native populations of Sub-Saharan Africa.

" The Norton Anthology of African American Literature.

Calder taught all over the world, lecturing in literature at several African universities and serving from 1981 to 1987 as co-editor of the Journal of Commonwealth Literature.

Nairobi: East African Literature, 1974.

Nairobi: East African Literature Bureau, 1971.

* Homecoming: Essays on African and Caribbean Literature, Culture, and Politics, a 1972 book by Ngũgĩ wa Thiong ' o

The Norton Anthology of African American Literature.

" Padhola ," East African Literature Bureau, Nairobi, 1959

The classes were: Classical Origins of Western Culture, Introduction to Art, Introduction to Music, People, Power, and Politics, The Shaping of the Modern World, Introduction to Mathematical Reasoning and Computer Programming, Landmarks of Literature, Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Geology, Studies in African, Asian, and Latin American Cultures, and Knowledge, Existence and Values.

On 2 October 2003 it was announced that he was to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, making him the fifth African writer to be so honoured, and the second South African after Nadine Gordimer.

Oxford Library of African Literature.

“’ Let no man of us budge one step ’: David Walker and the Rhetoric African American Emplacement .” Early American Literature 46 ( June 2011 ), 319-350.

Notable white English-language South African authors include Nadine Gordimer who was, in Seamus Heaney's words, one of " the guerrillas of the imagination ", and who became the first South African and the seventh woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1991.

Journal of African Languages and Literature, 11, 127 – 149.

" The Greenwood Encyclopedia of African American Literature.

* Jahn, Janheinz, Who's Who in African Literature ( Eerdman, 1972 ), pp. 209 – 11.

*" Mother Africa: African Women and the Land in West African Literature ", African Horizons: The Landscapes of African Fiction ( Greenwood Press, 1998 ), pp. 35 – 54.

" The Greenwood Encyclopedia of African American Literature.

He settled in America where he was appointed professor in African Languages and Literature at the University of California, Los Angeles and later moved, in similar capacity, to the University of Wisconsin – Madison.

Jordan's other important publications include a book on short stories entitled Kwezo Mpindo zeTsitsa, published in 1973 as Tales from Southern Africa, and an important pioneering critical study, entitled Towards an African Literature: The Emergence of Literary Form in Xhosa ( 1972 ).

Due to economic downturn Golden State was forced to sell their entire art collection to ward off its mounting debts and as of spring 2011 the National Museum of African American History and Culture had offered $ 750, 000 to purchase the artworks which led to a controversy regarding the importance of the artworks which have been estimated to be worth at least $ 5 million.

* National Museum of African American History and Culture

The first influences of African American Culture into hymns came from Slave Songs of the United States a collection of slave hymns complied by William Francis Allen who had difficulty pinning them down from the oral tradition, and though he succeeded, he points out the awe inspiring effect of the hymns when sung in by their originators.

* Centre for African Literatures & Culture

" African Americans and Rock ' n ' Roll ", in African Americans and Popular Culture, Volume 3: Music and Popular Art, ed.

Developed as a collaboration between the National Museum of African American History and Culture and Monticello, it is the first exhibit on the national mall to address these issues.

* The African Diaspora in the Indian Ocean World, Omar H. Ali, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture

* African American Music and Culture Showcase

In December 2003 the Choir performed “ African Portraits ” with the Baltimore Symphony at the Gala Concert for the Reginald F. Lewis Museum of Maryland African American History & Culture.

" Great Shadow in the Sky: The Airplane in the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921 and the Development of African American Visions of Aviation, 1921-1926 ," in The Airplane in American Culture, ed Dominick Pisano ( Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press 2003 ), 105-146

In Beyond Blackface: African Americans and the Creation of American Popular Culture, 1890-1930, ed.

The African Renaissance concept was first articulated by Cheikh Anta Diop in a series of essays beginning in 1946, which are collected in his book " Towards the African Renaissance: Essays in Culture and Development, 1946-1960 ,".

The essays, which are seen as a form of blueprint, are collected in book form as " Towards the African Renaissance: Essays in Culture and Development, 1946-1960 ".

Visiting Lagos, Nigeria, in 1976 for the Festival of African Culture ( FESTAC ), Gil met fellow musicians Fela Kuti and Stevie Wonder.

* African American Culture

* African Pygmies Culture and mythology of Pygmies, with photos and ethnographic notes

* M. Warner-Lewis, Guinea's Other Suns: The African Dynamic in Trinidad Culture.

Culture, tradition, identity, society, taboo subjects, human rights, equality and diversity within Liberia, multiculturalism, Pan-Africanism, colonialism and its reverberating consequences today, post colonial African countries and future of the country have been featured in novels, books, magazines and novelettes since the 19th century.

* South African Geographical Names System – Part of the South African Government Department for Arts and Culture

The Black Culture Center at the University of Missouri and a law scholarship at the law school are named for him and another African American student initially denied admission, and in 2006 he was granted an honorary law degree.