When it becomes possible for a people to describe as ‘ postmodern ’ the décor of a room, the design of a building, the diegesis of a film, the construction of a record, or a ‘ scratch ’ video, a television commercial, or an arts documentary, or the ‘ intertextual ’ relations between them, the layout of a page in a fashion magazine or critical journal, an anti-teleological tendency within epistemology, the attack on the ‘ metaphysics of presence ’, a general attenuation of feeling, the collective chagrin and morbid projections of a post-War generation of baby boomers confronting disillusioned middle-age, the ‘ predicament ’ of reflexivity, a group of rhetorical tropes, a proliferation of surfaces, a new phase in commodity fetishism, a fascination for images, codes and styles, a process of cultural, political or existential fragmentation and / or crisis, the ‘ de-centring ’ of the subject, an ‘ incredulity towards metanarratives ’, the replacement of unitary power axes by a plurality of power / discourse formations, the ‘ implosion of meaning ’, the collapse of cultural hierarchies, the dread engendered by the threat of nuclear self-destruction, the decline of the university, the functioning and effects of the new miniaturised technologies, broad societal and economic shifts into a ‘ media ’, ‘ consumer ’ or ‘ multinational ’ phase, a sense ( depending on who you read ) of ‘ placelessness ’ or the abandonment of placelessness (‘ critical regionalism ’) or ( even ) a generalised substitution of spatial for temporal coordinates-when it becomes possible to describe all these things as ‘ Postmodern ’ ( or more simply using a current abbreviation as ‘ post ’ or ‘ very post ’) then it ’ s clear we are in the presence of a buzzword.

Postmodern philosophy is a philosophical direction which is critical of the foundational assumptions and structures of philosophy.

Postmodern philosophy has strong relations with the substantial literature of critical theory.

* Postmodern theory: An approach that is critical of modernism, with a mistrust of grand theories and ideologies.

The idea of critical regionalism emerged at a time during the early 1980s when Postmodern architecture, itself a reaction to Modernist architecture, was at its height.

* Freire, Paulo ( 1997 ) " Mentoring the mentor: a critical dialogue with Paulo Freire ", Counterpoints: Studies in the Postmodern Theory of Education, Vol 60, 1997, ISBN 0-8204-3798-0

Postmodern, anti-racist, feminist, postcolonial, and queer theories all play a role in further explaining Freire ’ s ideas of critical pedagogy, shifting its main focus on social class to include issues pertaining to religion, military identification, race, gender, sexuality, nationality, ethnicity, and age.

In his book Postmodern Geographies: the reassertion of space in critical social theory ( 1989 ), Edward W. Soja describes the hotel as " a concentrated representation of the restructured spatiality of the late capitalist city: fragmented and fragmenting, homogeneous and homogenizing, divertingly packaged yet curiously incomprehensible, seemingly open in presenting itself to view but constantly pressing to enclose, to compartmentalize, to circumscribe, to incarcerate.

Postmodern theory asserts that the attempt to canonise modernism " after the fact " is doomed to undisambiguable contradictions.

Postmodern music is either music of the postmodern era, or music that follows aesthetic and philosophical trends of postmodernism.

Because of this, Postmodern music is mostly defined in opposition to modernist music, and a work can either be modernist, or postmodern, but not both.

Postmodern Classical music as well is not a musical style, but rather refers to music of the postmodern era.

Postmodern music, on the other hand, shares characteristics with postmodernist art — that is, art that comes after and reacts against modernism ( see Modernism in Music ).

Postmodern philosophy is skeptical or nihilistic toward many of the values and assumptions of philosophy that derive from modernity, such as humanity having an essence which distinguishes humans from animals, or the assumption that one form of government is demonstrably better than another.

Postmodern philosophy is often particularly skeptical about simple binary oppositions characteristic of structuralism, emphasizing the problem of the philosopher cleanly distinguishing knowledge from ignorance, social progress from reversion, dominance from submission, and presence from absence.

Postmodern music is either simply music of the postmodern era, or music that follows aesthetical and philosophical trends of postmodernism.

Postmodern music is not a distinct musical style, but rather refers to music of the postmodern era.

In some respects, Postmodern music could be categorized as simply the music of the postmodern era, or music that follows aesthetic and philosophical trends of postmodernism, but with Jameson in mind, it is clear these definitions are inadequate.

This period is known as the Postmodern era ; though there's no widely agreed upon central definition of Postmodernism, many themes and techniques commonly identified as Postmodern are nearly identical to Surrealism.

The 1990s is often considered the end of Modernity and the dawn of the current Postmodern age, even though the first traces of postmodernity takes place as far back as the 1940s.

Myths of the Self: Narrative Identity and Postmodern Metaphysics, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 0-7391-0843-3, contains a section called ' Alfred North Whitehead: Toward a More Fundamental Ontology ' that is an overview of Whitehead's metaphysics.

John Burgee is an American architect noted for his contributions to Postmodern architecture.

Throughout the 20th century and into the 21st century, with the advent of Modern and Postmodern art forms, distinctions between what is generally regarded as the fine arts and the low arts have started to fade, as contemporary high art continues to challenge these concepts by mixing with popular culture.

Noting this important conceptual shift, major contemporary theorists such as Matei Calinescu in Five Faces of Modernity: Modernism, Avant-garde, Decadence, Kitsch, Postmodernism ( 1987 ), and Hans Bertens in The Idea of the Postmodern: A History ( 1995 ), have suggested that this is a sign our culture has entered a new post-modern age, when the former modernist ways of thinking and behaving have been rendered redundant.

The architecture is defined by a combination of Gothic Revival, Brutalist and Postmodern buildings spread across campus, most of them dated between 1905 and 1980.

Postmodern art is a body of art movements that sought to contradict some aspects of modernism or to have emerged or developed in its aftermath.

See also: Unity Church, Christian Science, Christian theological praxis and Postmodern Christianity.

Postmodern / poststructuralist thinkers also express a skepticism about any all-encompassing metaphysical scheme.

Postmodern also brought a break from the notion that planning and architecture could result in social reform, which was an integral dimension of the plans of Modernism ( Simonsen 1990 ).

Postmodern philosophy also drew from the world of the arts and architecture, particularly Marcel Duchamp, John Cage and artists who practiced collage, and the architecture of Las Vegas and the Pompidou Centre.

Postmodern novelist Thomas Pynchon, who was also influenced by Beat fiction, experimented since the 1960s with the surrealist idea of startling juxtapositions ; commenting on the " necessity of managing this procedure with some degree of care and skill ", he added that " any old combination of details will not do.

Dance improvisation is not only about creating new movement but is also defined as freeing the body from habitual movement patterns ( see Postmodern dance and Judson Dance Theater ).

; and also from dance-specific practices, drawing from Modern and Postmodern dance, as well as Eastern movement philosophy and practice such as Yoga and Martial Arts.

See also, Postmodern artists.

Postmodern architecture also emerged as an attempt to enrich Modern architecture.

There are also some interesting examples of Modern and Postmodern architecture, such as the Cootehill Post Office.

* How To Deconstruct Almost Anything-My Postmodern Adventure by Chip Morningstar ; a cynical introduction to ' deconstruction ' from the perspective of a software engineer.

: Identified in The Postmodern Condition a crisis in the ' discourses of the Human Sciences ' latent in Modernism but catapulted to the fore by the advent of the " computerized " or " telematic " era ( see Information Revolution ).

" In Postmodern Music / Postmodern Thought, edited by Judy Lochhead and Joseph Aunder, 13 – 26.

In Postmodern Music / Postmodern Thought, edited by Judy Lochhead and Joseph Aunder, 27 – 74.

Postmodern design, intersecting the Pop art movement, gained steam in the 1960s and 70s, promoted in the 80s by groups such as the Italy-based Memphis movement.

* Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency by Douglas Adams, reviewed by Ted Gioia ( Postmodern Mystery )

The main periods of 20th century literature are captured in the bipartite division, Modernist literature and Postmodern literature, flowering from roughly 1900 to 1940 and 1945 to 1980 respectively, divided, as a rule of thumb, by World War II.

Postmodern art holds that all stances are unstable and insincere, and therefore irony, parody, and humor are the only positions that cannot be overturned by critique or revision.

* Postmodern warfare, by Philip Hammond

The term " postmodernism " was brought into social theory in 1971 by the Arab American Theorist Ihab Hassan in his book: The Dismemberment of Orpheus: Toward a Postmodern Literature.

Part of the reason for the confusion over the term Critical Regionalism is that Frampton's famous essay " Towards a Critical Regionalism: Six points for an architecture of resistance " was first published in the book " The Anti-Aesthetic: Essays on Postmodern Culture " ( 1983 ) edited by Hal Foster.

Essays on Postmodern Culture ( 1983 ) edited by Hal Foster, Bay Press, Seattle.

* A Survey of the European New Right New Culture, New Right: Anti-Liberalism in Postmodern Europe by Michael O ’ Meara

Spoken Word was adopted by college circles in the early 1980s to describe a new wave of performing arts that was birthed during Postmodern Art Movement.

* Charles Bernstein's Response to the Postmodern Condition by Stefan Mönke, M. A.

Fashionable Nonsense: Postmodern Intellectuals ' Abuse of Science (), published in the UK as Intellectual Impostures, is a book by Alan Sokal and Jean Bricmont.