The Architecture of Hong Kong features great emphasis on Contemporary architecture, specially Modernism, Postmodernism, Functionalism, etc.

Postmodernism is essentially a centralized movement that named itself, based on socio-political theory, although the term is now used in a wider sense to refer to activities from the 20th century onwards which exhibit awareness of and reinterpret the modern.

* Gerald Graff ( 1973 ) The Myth of the Postmodernist Breakthrough, TriQuarterly, 26 ( Winter, 1973 ) 383 – 417 ; rept in The Novel Today: Contemporary Writers on Modern Fiction Malcolm Bradbury, ed., ( London: Fontana, 1977 ); reprinted in Proza Nowa Amerykanska, ed., Szice Krytyczne ( Warsaw, Poland, 1984 ); reprinted in Postmodernism in American Literature: A Critical Anthology, Manfred Putz and Peter Freese, eds., ( Darmstadt: Thesen Verlag, 1984 ), 58 – 81.

Postmodernism is therefore skeptical of explanations that claim to be valid for all groups, cultures, traditions, or races, and instead focuses on the relative truths of each person.

Postmodernism relies on concrete experience over abstract principles, arguing that the outcome of one's own experience will necessarily be fallible and relative, rather than certain or universal.

These developments — re-evaluation of the entire Western value system ( love, marriage, popular culture, shift from industrial to service economy ) that took place since the 1950s and 1960s, with a peak in the Social Revolution of 1968 — are described with the term Postmodernity, Influences on postmodern thought, Paul Lützeler ( St. Louis ) as opposed to Postmodernism, a term referring to an opinion or movement.

However, the transition from Modernism to Postmodernism is often said to have happened at 3: 32pm on the 15th of July in 1972, when Pruitt Igoe ; a housing development for low-income people in St. Louis, which had been a prize winning version of le Corbusier's ' machine for modern living ' was deemed uninhabitable and was torn down ( Irving 1993, 480 ).

The Persistence of Modernity: Essays on Aesthetics, Ethics and Postmodernism, trans.

In spring of 1997, the postmodern philosopher Fred Newman responded to the Sokal Affair publishing hoax in the paper " Science Can Do Better than Sokal: A Commentary on the So-Called Science Wars ", which he presented at the Postmodernism and the Social Sciences conference at the New School for Social Research ; Alan Sokal was a participant.

If instead of simply generating random characters one restricts the generator to a meaningful vocabulary and conservatively following grammar rules, like using a context-free grammar, then a random document generated this way can even fool some humans ( at least on a cursory reading ) as shown in the experiments with SCIgen, snarXiv, and the Postmodernism Generator.

" Postmodernism and Consumer Society " in The Anti-Aesthetic: Essays on Post-Modern Culture, Hal Foster ( ed ), Seattle: Bay Press, 1989, pp. 111 – 125

Postmodernism had a profound effect on English drama in the latter half of the 20th Century.

"-Umberto Eco, " A Correspondence on Postmodernism " with Stefano Rosso in Hoesterey, op cit., pp. 242 – 3

A Primer on Postmodernism.

* Martin Irvine on Postmodernism and Postmodernity in contrast to Modernism and Modernity

In 1998, while preparing for a conference on Postmodernism and Media Theory, he died unexpectedly from a case of leukemia that had advanced rapidly.

Postmodernism in art, which has grown since the 1960s, differs from Modernism in as much as Modern art movements were primarily focused on their own activities and values, while Postmodernism uses the whole range of previous movements as a reference point.

His books on the history and criticism of Modernism and Postmodernism are widely read in architectural circles.

On 13 January 2012, Jencks offered a critical analysis, called " Notes on the Complexities of Post-Modernism ", of the V & A's definitive 2011 exhibition, " Postmodernism: Style and Subversion 1970-1990 ," in The Fortnightly Review.

These books include the classic studies, The Future of Muslim Civilisation ( 1979 ) and Islamic Futures: The Shape of Ideas to Come ( 1985 ), a vigorous intellectual assault on postmodern thought, Postmodernism and the Other ( 1998 ) and Orientalism ( 1999 ), and the international bestseller Why Do People Hate America?

The second is Remembering in a World of Forgetting: Thoughts on Tradition and Postmodernism, a collection of the most important essays by the British perennialist author William Stoddart.

*" Architecture to Philosophy-The Postmodern Complicity ", an article in Theory, Culture & Society, Volume 5 ( 2-3 ), June 1988 special edition on " Postmodernism ".

The role of planners predating Postmodernism was one of the ' qualified professional ' who believed they could find and implement one single ' right way ' of planning new urban establishments ( Irving 1993 ).

While in the tradition of Postmodernism in that they presume a decisive role for media in the formation of personality, culture and social order, they differ fundamentally from the analog critical theory, in that the audience has the ability to do more than create a personal idiolectic text, but instead is able to create new texts which reinforce the behavior of other participants.

* Islam, Postmodernism and Other Futures: a Ziauddin Sardar reader, Pluto Press, London 2004 ( introduced and edited by Sohail Inayatullah and Gail Boxwell ).

* Ihab Hassan, From Postmodernism to Postmodernity: the Local / Global Context ( 2000 ), text online.

The Postmodernism Generator is a computer program that is designed to produce similarly incomprehensible text.

American Fiction, TriQuarterly, No. 33 ( Spring 1975 ), pp. 307 – 37 ; reprinted in Putz and Freese, eds., Postmodernism and American Literature.

In Constructing Postmodernism ( 1992 ), McHale's second book, he provides readings of postmodern fiction and of some of the contemporary writers who go under the label of cyberpunk.

Influential to thinkers associated with Postmodernism are Heidegger's critique of the subject-object or sense-knowledge division implicit in Rationalism, Empiricism and Methodological Naturalism, his repudiation of the idea that facts exist outside or separately from the process of thinking and speaking them ( however, Heidegger is not specifically a Nominalist ), his related admission that the possibilities of philosophical and scientific discourse are wrapped up in the practices and expectations of a society and that concepts and fundamental constructs are the expression of a lived, historical exercise rather than simple derivations of external, apriori conditions independent from historical mind and changing experience ( see Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Heinrich von Kleist, Weltanschauung and Social Constructionism ), and his Instrumentalist and Negativist notion that Being ( and, by extension, reality ) is an action, method, tendency, possibility and question rather than a discreet, positive, identifiable state, answer or entity ( see also Process Philosophy, Dynamism, Instrumentalism, Pragmatism and Vitalism ).

" Paranoia and Postmodernism ," the epilogue to Paranoia and Modernity: Cervantes to Rousseau ( Cornell UP, 2006 ), 309-327.

* --- ( 1992 ), Constructing Postmodernism.

* --- ( 2008 ), " 1966 Nervous Breakdown, or, When Did Postmodernism Begin?

* --- ( 2007 ), " What Was Postmodernism?

Noting this important conceptual shift, major contemporary theorists such as Matei Calinescu in Five Faces of Modernity: Modernism, Avant-garde, Decadence, Kitsch, Postmodernism ( 1987 ), and Hans Bertens in The Idea of the Postmodern: A History ( 1995 ), have suggested that this is a sign our culture has entered a new post-modern age, when the former modernist ways of thinking and behaving have been rendered redundant.

), Postmodernism: A Reader, New York: Harvester Wheatsheat.

In Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism ( 1991 ), the Marxist theorist Fredric Jameson linked the reification of information and knowledge to the post-modern distinction between authentic knowledge ( experience ) and counterfeit knowledge ( vicarious experience ), which usually is acquired through the mass communications media.

Patrick White's art collecting efforts are to this day generally unadmired but he was a collector of modernist art and an early collector of the sort of art that later came to be known as Postmodernism, including art by James Clifford, Imants Tillers, Frank Littler, Robert Boynes, Patricia Moylan, John Davis ( 1936 – 1999 ), and Tony Coleing.

* Discontinuity ( Postmodernism ), a conception of history as espoused by the philosopher Michel Foucault.

Postmodernism ... can be used at least in two ways – firstly, to give a label to the period after 1968 ( which would then encompass all forms of fiction, both innovative and traditional ), and secondly, to describe the highly experimental literature produced by writers beginning with Lawrence Durrell and John Fowles in the 1960s and reaching to the breathless works of Martin Amis and the " Chemical ( Scottish ) Generation " of the fin-de-siècle.

), Reclaiming Female Agency: Feminist Art History after Postmodernism, Berkeley, University of California Press, 2005.

The Politics of Postmodernism ( 1989 ), pp. 46 – 62.