* 1851 – French President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte overthrows the Second Republic.

Following the ousting of the last king to rule France during the February 1848 Revolution, the Second Republic was formed with the election of < span lang =" fr "> Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte </ span > as President ( 1848 – 1852 ).

Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (; 20 April 1808 – 9 January 1873 ) was the first President of the French Republic and, as Napoleon III, the ruler of the Second French Empire.

During his term as President, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte styled himself the Prince-President ( Le Prince-Président ).

As President of the Republic, Louis-Napoléon sent French troops to help restore Pope Pius IX as ruler of the Papal States in 1849 after his rule had been overthrown by the revolutionaries led by Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi who had proclaimed the Roman Republic ( although as a Carbonaro he had been involved in plotting a similar revolt in the Papal States during his youth in Italy ).

On 2 December 1851 Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, who had been elected President of the Republic, staged a coup d ' état by dissolving the National Assembly without having the constitutional right to do so.

He can therefore be considered as France's first Presidential Head of State, though Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, later in the same year, was the first to formally bear the title of President of the French Republic.

After the coup d ' état by Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte in 1852, the Tuileries Palace served as the official residence of the executive branch of government, and when President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte became Emperor Napoléon III, he moved from his office at the Élysée Palace to the Tuileries.

Louis Bonaparte had been elected to a three-year term as President of the Second Republic of France on 20 December 1848.

Thus, Louis Bonaparte would be unable to succeed himself and after 20 December 1851 wold no longer be President.

* December 20 – President Bonaparte takes his Oath of Office in front of the French National Assembly.

* January 14 – President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte proclaims a new constitution for the French Second Republic.

Charles Joseph Bonaparte ( June 9, 1851 – June 28, 1921 ) was an American lawyer and political activist from Maryland who served in the Cabinet of President Theodore Roosevelt.

In 1905, President Theodore Roosevelt appointed Bonaparte Secretary of the Navy.

However, the Constituent Assembly saw the unilateral intervention by Bonaparte in Italy as a violation of Section V of the Constitution and on 11 June 1849, Alexandre Ledru-Rollin introduced a bill of impeachment against President Bonaparte and his ministers.

In 1974, he was elected President of France at 48, the third youngest president in French history, after Louis Napoleon Bonaparte and Jean Casimir-Perier.

* Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, President of France 1848 – 52, Emperor of the French 1854 – 70.

Though this imperial regime would end with his fall from power, 33 years later Napoleon's nephew Charles-Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte would be elected President of France and proceed to declare himself Emperor, as well.

* Napoléon III ( 1808 – 1873 ), usually called Louis Napoléon, President and later Emperor of the French, third son of Louis Bonaparte

The President of the French Second Republic Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, soon Emperor Napoleon III of France.

President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, elected by the French people, officially became Napoleon III, Emperor of the French, from the symbolic and historic date of 02 December 1852.

Bonapartism as an ideology of politically neutral French peasants and workers ( EJ Hobsbawm ) was essential in the election of Napoleon I's nephew Louis Napoleon Bonaparte as President of the Second Republic, and gave him the political support necessary for his 1852 discarding of the constitution and proclaiming the Second Empire.

Discovered by the British Antarctic Expedition ( 1907-09 ) under Shackleton, and named for Prince Roland Bonaparte, President of the Société de Géographie of Paris from 1910-1924.

By December, 1958, when ' Abdallah Ibrahim became President of the Council, elections had even greater importance.

The reports of President Nasser's pledges which Hammarskjold was relaying from Cairo to Washington became increasingly incomprehensible to other diplomats, including the Israeli Foreign Minister, Mrs. Golda Meir.

President Kasavubu became exasperated with Lumumba and fired him.

* 1995 – U. S. President Bill Clinton became the first President to visit Northern Ireland.

* Revolution of 1930: Second military overthrow of government, in which President Washington Luís was replaced by Getúlio Vargas, who became the Provisional President.

Despite the up-or-out system, under President José Sarney the army became top-heavy as generals began to occupy many positions that previously had been reserved for colonels.

Beech became President of the Curtiss-Wright's airplane division and VP of sales, but became dissatisfied with being so far removed from aircraft production and quit to form Beechcraft, using the original Travel Air facilities and employing many of the same people.

On 11 August 1960, Chad became an independent country and François Tombalbaye became its first President.

On 13 August 1960 the Central African Republic became an independent country and David Dacko became its first President.

The following year, Raúl Castro became Acting President, replacing his brother as the de facto leader of the country.

Stafford Cripps became President of the Board of Trade, Herbert Morrison was given the post of Deputy Prime Minister and given overall control of Labour's nationalisation programme, Aneurin Bevan became Minister of Health, and Ellen Wilkinson, the only woman to serve in Attlee's government, became Minister of Education.

Former President César Gaviria became Secretary General of the OAS in September 1994 and was reelected in 1999.

In March 2006, the parliament overturned a veto by President Václav Klaus, and the Czech Republic became the first former communist country in Europe to grant legal recognition to same-sex partnerships.

Yen's presidency was interim ; Chiang Ching-kuo, who was the Premier, became President after Yen's term ended three years later.

When Chiang became President of China after the Northern Expedition, he carved out Ningxia and Qinghai out of Gansu province, and appointed Muslim Generals as Military Governors of all three provinces: Ma Hongkui, Ma Hongbin, and Ma Qi.

He traveled extensively and became a member of the Foreign Policy Association, and was called upon to advise then – U. S. President John F. Kennedy.

In 1956, Rogers became the first President of the American Academy of Psychotherapists.

Pfeiffer became President and CEO of Compaq in 1991, as a result of a boardroom coup led by board chairman Ben Rosen that forced co-founder Rod Canion to resign as President and CEO.